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39 relations: Arabic, Bearing (navigation), Bora (wind), Cardinal direction, Catalan language, Classical compass winds, Clockwise, Colloquialism, Compass, Compass rose, Course (navigation), East, Graphicacy, Greek language, Gregale, Italian language, Levant (wind), Libeccio, Ligurian (Romance language), Mediterranean Lingua Franca, Mediterranean Sea, Meteorology, Middle Ages, Mistral (wind), Navigation, North, Ostro, Patois, Ponente, Portolan chart, Provençal dialect, Sicilian language, Sirocco, South, Tramontane, TVMDC, Venetian language, West, Wind rose.
Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Bearing (navigation)
In navigation bearing may refer, depending on the context, to any of: (A) the direction or course of motion itself; (B) the direction of a distant object relative to the current course (or the "change" in course that would be needed to get to that distant object); or (C), the angle away from North of a distant point as observed at the current point.
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Bora (wind)
The bora is a northern to north-eastern katabatic wind in the Adriatic Sea.
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Cardinal direction
The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are the directions north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south, with east being in the clockwise direction of rotation from north and west being directly opposite east.
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Catalan language
Catalan (autonym: català) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain.
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Classical compass winds
In the ancient Mediterranean world, the classical compass winds were names for the points of geographic direction and orientation, in association with the winds as conceived of by the ancient Greeks and Romans.
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Clockwise
Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions.
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Colloquialism
Everyday language, everyday speech, common parlance, informal language, colloquial language, general parlance, or vernacular (but this has other meanings too), is the most used variety of a language, which is usually employed in conversation or other communication in informal situations.
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Compass
A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions (or points).
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Compass rose
A compass rose, sometimes called a windrose or Rose of the Winds, is a figure on a compass, map, nautical chart, or monument used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west) and their intermediate points.
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Course (navigation)
In navigation, a vessel's or aircraft's course is the cardinal direction along which the vessel or aircraft is to be steered.
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East
East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass.
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Graphicacy
Graphicacy is defined as the ability to understand and present information in the form of sketches, photographs, diagrams, maps, plans, charts, graphs and other non-textual, two-dimensional formats.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Gregale
The Gregale (Gregal, Grecale,, Grigal,, Γραίγος, Graigos) is a Mediterranean wind that can occur during times when a low-pressure area moves through the area to the south of Malta and causes a strong, cool, northeasterly wind to affect the island.
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Italian language
Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.
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Levant (wind)
The levant (Llevant, Levante, Lvant, Λεβάντες, Levante) is an easterly wind that blows in the western Mediterranean Sea and southern France, an example of mountain-gap wind.
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Libeccio
The libeccio (lebić; llebeig; λίβας; lebić) is the westerly or south-westerly wind which predominates in northern Corsica all year round; it frequently raises high seas and may give violent westerly squalls.
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Ligurian (Romance language)
Ligurian (ligure or lengua ligure) is a Gallo-Italic language spoken in Liguria in Northern Italy, parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France, Monaco and in the villages of Carloforte and Calasetta in Sardinia.
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Mediterranean Lingua Franca
The Mediterranean Lingua Franca or Sabir was a pidgin language used as a lingua franca in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century.
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.
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Meteorology
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Mistral (wind)
The mistral (Mestral, Μαΐστρος, Maestrale, Corsican: Maestral) is a strong, cold, northwesterly wind that blows from southern France into the Gulf of Lion in the northern Mediterranean, with sustained winds often exceeding, sometimes reaching.
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Navigation
Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.
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North
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions.
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Ostro
Ostro (Migjorn, Oštro, Όστρια, Oštrijal), or Austro, is a southerly wind in the Mediterranean Sea, especially the Adriatic.
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Patois
Patois (pl. same or) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics.
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Ponente
Ponente (Poniente, Punenat, Ponent, Poente, Punent, Πουνέντες, Punenat) is the traditional cardinal point West, more specifically a wind that blows from the west.
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Portolan chart
Portolan or portulan charts are navigational maps based on compass directions and estimated distances observed by the pilots at sea.
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Provençal dialect
Provençal (Provençau or Prouvençau) is a variety of Occitan spoken by a minority of people in southern France, mostly in Provence.
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Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu; in Italian: Siciliano; also known as Siculo (siculu) or Calabro-Sicilian) is a Romance language spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
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Sirocco
Sirocco, scirocco,, jugo or, rarely, siroc (Xaloc; Sciroccu; Σορόκος; Siroco; Siròc, Eisseròc; Jugo, literally southerly; Libyan Arabic: Ghibli; Egypt: khamsin; Tunisia: ch'hilli) is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and can reach hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe, especially during the summer season.
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South
South is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points.
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Tramontane
Tramontane is a classical name for a northern wind.
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TVMDC
TVMDC is a method for converting true, magnetic and compass headings.
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Venetian language
Venetian or Venetan (Venetian: vèneto, vènet or łéngua vèneta) is a Romance language spoken as a native language by almost four million people in the northeast of Italy,Ethnologue.
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West
West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass.
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Wind rose
A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location.
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Redirects here:
Box the compass, Boxing the compass, Compass directions, Compass heading, Compass point, Compass points, ENE, East by north, East by south, East northeast, East southeast, East-northeast, East-southeast, EbN, Far southeast, Half-wind, NEbE, NEbN, NNE, NWbN, NWbW, NbE, NbW, North East, North Eastern, North by east, North by west, North east, North northeast, North northwest, North west, North-East, North-West, North-east, North-eastern, North-northeast, North-northwest, North-west, NorthWest, Northeast, Northeast by east, Northeast by north, Northeastern, Northwest, Northwest by north, Northwest by west, Northwesterner, Points on the compass, Principal winds, Quarter wind, Quarter-wind, Quarter-winds, SEbE, SEbS, SWbS, SWbW, SbW, South East, South East District, South Eastern, South West, South West District, South Western, South by east, South by west, South east, South easterly, South southeast, South southwest, South west, South-East, South-East District, South-West, South-West District, South-West Region, South-Western, South-east, South-easterly, South-eastern, South-southeast, South-southwest, South-west, Southeast, Southeast District, Southeast by east, Southeast by south, Southeasterly, Southeastern, Southest, Southwest, Southwest District, Southwest Region, Southwest by south, Southwest by west, Southwestern, Sudwest, Suedwest, Südwest, The Northwest, The Southeast, The Southwest, WNW, WbS, West by north, West by south, West northwest, West southwest, West-Northwest, West-northwest, West-southwest.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_of_the_compass
