Communication

260 relations: Adam Cyra, Aleksander Kamiński, Allies of World War II, Anthony Eden, Anti-communism, Anti-communist resistance in Poland, Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1946), Anti-fascism, Anti-Fascist Military Organisation, Antoni Chruściel, Armia Ludowa, Arthur Koestler, Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów, Augustów, Augustów roundup, Auschwitz concentration camp, Bataliony Chłopskie, Battalion, Battalion Parasol, Battalion Zośka, Battle of Kuryłówka, Battle of Murowana Oszmianka, Battle of Osuchy, Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze, Black propaganda, Blue Police, Bohemia, Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II, Bratnia Pomoc, Brindisi, Bureau of Information and Propaganda, Camp of Fighting Poland, Camp of National Unity, Captain (armed forces), Catholic Church, Chortkiv, Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies, Churchill war ministry, Cichociemni, Collaboration, Collaborationism, Colonization, Commander-in-chief, Communism, Cordell Hull, Council of National Unity, Cursed soldiers, Czortków uprising, Dmytro Klyachkivsky, Douglas C-47 Skytrain, ..., Eastern Front (World War II), Edward Wasilewski, Emil August Fieldorf, Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory, Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany, Far-right politics, Felix Frankfurter, Franciszek Kamiński, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Franz Kutschera, Galicia (Eastern Europe), Gęsiówka, General Government, General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland, Generalplan Ost, George Malcher, German Army (Wehrmacht), German-occupied Europe, Gestapo, Ghetto Action, Government Delegation for Poland, Graffiti, Gray Ranks, Guerrilla warfare, Gulag, Gwardia Ludowa, Gwardia Ludowa WRN, Gwido Langer, Hans Frank, Heinrich Himmler, Heinz Reinefarth, Henryk Dobrzański, Henryk Iwański, History of Poland (1939–1945), History of Poland (1945–1989), History of Polish intelligence services, History of the Jews in Poland, Hollywood, Holy Cross Mountains Brigade, Home Army, Home Army and V-1 and V-2, Igo Sym, Institute of National Remembrance, Intelligence officer, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN, Internment, Irena Sendler, Italy, Ivan Serov, Jan Bytnar, Jan Karski, Jan Stanisław Jankowski, Jan Włodarkiewicz, Józef Franczak, Józef Pszenny, Jürgen Stroop, Jędrusie, Jewish Combat Organization, Jewish Military Union, Jews, Joseph Stalin, Kazimierz Piechowski, Kazimierz Pużak, Kedyw, Kielce, Konfederacja Narodu, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Kotwica, Kuryłówka, Labor Party (Stronnictwo Pracy), Lavrentiy Beria, Leśni, Leon Schiller, Leopold Okulicki, Lithuania, Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force, Lublin, Lviv, Lwów uprising, M. 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Foot, Machine gun, Maksymilian Ciężki, Marian Spychalski, Mass murder, Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp complex, Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, Mieczysław Zygfryd Słowikowski, Military intelligence, Ministry of Public Security (Poland), Minor sabotage, Moscow, National Armed Forces, National Military Organization, National Military Union, National Party (Poland), National Radical Camp Falanga, National Security Corps, Nazi Germany, Nazism, NIE (resistance), NKVD, Norman Davies, Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), Operation Arsenal, Operation Bürkl, Operation Belt, Operation Crossbow, Operation Heads, Operation Kutschera, Operation Most III, Operation N, Operation Ostra Brama, Operation Tempest, Operation Torch, Operation Wieniec, Oskar Dirlewanger, Panzer, Pawiak, Peenemünde, People's Commissariat for State Security, People's Party (Poland), Poale Zion, Podolia, Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, Polish contribution to World War II, Polish government-in-exile, Polish People's Army, Polish People's Army PAL, Polish People's Republic, Polish resistance in France during World War II, Polish Scouting and Guiding Association, Polish Socialist Party, Polish Underground State, Polish Workers' Party, Pruszków, Radom, Ravensbrück concentration camp, Red Army, Reich, Reiner Stahel, Resistance during World War II, Resistance in Lithuania during World War II, Resistance movement, Rising '44, Roman Shukhevych, Royal Air Force, Rudolf Höss, Sabotage, Samuel Stritch, Schutzstaffel, Secret Polish Army, Show trial, Siedlce, SMERSH, Sonderdienst, Soviet partisans, Soviet partisans in Poland, Soviet Union, Sovietization, Special Courts, Stanisław Kasznica, Stefan Jaracz, Stefan Korboński, Stefan Rowecki, Stephen Samuel Wise, Steyr automobile, Stroop Report, Subversion, Suwałki, Sybirak, Tadeusz Żenczykowski, Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, Tadeusz Piotrowski (sociologist), Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, The Holocaust, Trial of the Sixteen, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Unfree labour, Union of Armed Struggle, Union of Retaliation, V-2 rocket, Volhynia, Waffen-SS, Walter Laqueur, Walter Model, Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz, Warsaw, Warsaw Ghetto, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Warsaw Uprising, Wawer massacre, Władysław Bartoszewski, Włodzimierz Borodziej, Wehrmacht, Western betrayal, WIEM Encyklopedia, William J. Donovan, Witold Pilecki, Wola, Wood wool, Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle, Yugoslav Partisans, Zamość, Zamość uprising, Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, ZOMO, Związek Organizacji Wojskowej, 3rd Belorussian Front, 3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf. Expand index (210 more) » « Shrink index

Adam Cyra

Adam Cyra (born 1949) is a Polish historian.

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Aleksander Kamiński

Aleksander Kamiński, assumed name: Aleksander Kędzierski.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Anthony Eden

Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was a British Conservative politician who served three periods as Foreign Secretary and then a relatively brief term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1955 to 1957.

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Anti-communism

Anti-communism is opposition to communism.

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Anti-communist resistance in Poland

Anti-communist resistance in Poland can be divided into two types: the armed partisan struggle, mostly led by former Armia Krajowa and Narodowe Siły Zbrojne soldiers, which ended in the late 1950s (see cursed soldiers), and the non-violent, civil resistance struggle that culminated in the creation and victory of the Solidarity trade union.

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Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1946)

The anti-communist resistance in Poland, also referred to as the Polish anti-Communist insurrection fought between 1944 and 1946 (and up until 1953), was an armed struggle by the Polish Underground against the Soviet takeover of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe.

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Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.

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Anti-Fascist Military Organisation

Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa (Polish for Anti-Fascist Military Organisation) was an underground organization formed in 1942 in the Ghetto in Białystok by former officers of the Polish Land Forces.

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Antoni Chruściel

Gen. Antoni Chruściel (nom de guerre Monter; 1895–1960) was a Polish military officer and a general of the Polish Army.

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Armia Ludowa

Armia Ludowa (AL, pronounced; English: the People's Army) was a communist partisan force set up by the communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR) during World War II.

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Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler, (Kösztler Artúr; 5 September 1905 – 1 March 1983) was a Hungarian-British author and journalist.

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Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów

On May 21, 1945, a unit of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK), led by Colonel Edward Wasilewski, attacked a Soviet NKVD camp located in Rembertów in the eastern outskirts of Warsaw.

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Augustów

Augustów (Polish:; Augustavas), formerly known in English as Augustovo or Augustowo," is a city in north-eastern Poland with 30,802 inhabitants (2011).

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Augustów roundup

The Augustów roundup (Polish Obława augustowska) was a military operation against the Polish World War II anti-communist partisans and sympathizers following the Soviet takeover of Poland.

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Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.

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Bataliony Chłopskie

Bataliony Chłopskie (BCh, Polish Farmers' Battalions) was a Polish World War II resistance movement, guerrilla and partisan organisation.

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Battalion

A battalion is a military unit.

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Battalion Parasol

Battalion Parasol (Polish: Batalion Parasol) (Umbrella) was a Scouting battalion of the Armia Krajowa, the primary Polish resistance movement in World War II.

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Battalion Zośka

Batalion Zośka (pronounced Zoshka; Sophie in Polish) was a Scouting battalion of the Polish resistance movement organisation - Home Army (Armia Krajowa or "AK") during World War II.

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Battle of Kuryłówka

The Battle of Kuryłówka, fought between the Polish anti-communist resistance organization, National Military Alliance (NZW) and the Soviet Union's NKVD units, took place on May 7, 1945, in the village of Kuryłówka, southeastern Poland.

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Battle of Murowana Oszmianka

The Battle of Murowana Oszmianka of May 13–May 14, 1944 was the largest clash between the Polish resistance movement organization Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) and the Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force (LTDF); a Lithuanian volunteer security force subordinated to Nazi Germany occupational administration.

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Battle of Osuchy

The Battle of Osuchy (less often referred to as the Battle at Sopot River) was one of the largest battles between the Polish resistance and Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II, a part of the Zamość Uprising.

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Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze

The Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze (Porytowe Hill) took place on June 14, 1944, between Polish and Russian partisans and Nazi German forces.

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Black propaganda

Black propaganda is false information and material that purports to be from a source on one side of a conflict, but is actually from the opposing side.

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Blue Police

The Blue Police (more precisely, Navy-Blue Police, Granatowa policja) was the Polish police during the Second World War in German-occupied Poland (the General Government).

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Bohemia

Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.

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Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II

The bombing of Peenemünde in World War II was carried out on several occasions as part of the overall Operation Crossbow to disrupt German secret weapon development.

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Bratnia Pomoc

Bratnia Pomoc (English: Brotherly Help), also known as Bratniak, was a popular Polish students’ mutual aid organization.

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Brindisi

Brindisi (Brindisino: Brìnnisi; Brundisium; translit; Brunda) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.

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Bureau of Information and Propaganda

The Bureau of Information and Propaganda of the Headquarters of Związek Walki Zbrojnej, later of Armia Krajowa (Biuro Informacji i Propagandy (Komendy Głównej Związku Walki Zbrojnej - Armii Krajowej) - in short: BIP) a conspiracy department created in spring 1940 during the German occupation of Poland, inside the Związek Walki Zbrojnej, then of the Supreme Command of Armia Krajowa (as 6th Department). Initially, its commander was Major Tadeusz Kruk-Strzelecki, then Colonel Jan Rzepecki pseudonym "Wolski" or "Prezes". Until the end of 1940 his deputy was Hipolit Niepokólczycki, while since 1944 until January 1945 Captain Kazimierz Moczarski. Tasks of BIP included informing of Polish community of activities of the Polish Government in London, documenting activities of the German occupant, psychological warfare against Nazi propaganda, consolidation of solidarity in the fight for independence of the Polish nation, collecting of information, reports and orders. BIP published underground press, like: Biuletyn Informacyjny (Information Bulletin), Wiadomości Polskie (Polish News) and Insurekcja (Insurrection); some of its departments carried secret trainings: Department A (film) in photoreport, direction, operation of megaphones. Among others, cameramen and cutters Antoni Bohdziewicz, Wacław Kaźmierczak, Leonard Zawisławski, Seweryn Kruszyński, film/stage directors Jerzy Gabryelski, Jerzy Zarzycki pseudonym "Pik", Andrzej Ancuta, photographers Sylwester Braun and Joachim Joachimczyk, historian Aleksander Gieysztor, philologist professor Kazimierz Feliks Kumaniecki worked for BIP. Among others, Krystyna Wyczańska and Hanna Bińkowska were its liaisons officers.

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Camp of Fighting Poland

Obóz Polski Walczącej (OPW, Camp of Fighting Poland, or Fighting Poland Movement) was a minor part of the Polish resistance movement in World War II.

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Camp of National Unity

Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego (Camp of National Unity; abbreviated "OZN"; and often called "Ozon" (Polish for "ozone") was a Polish political party founded in 1937 by sections of the leadership in the Sanacja movement. A year after the 1935 death of Poland's Chief of State Marshal Józef Piłsudski, in mid-1936, one of his followers, Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, attempted to unite the various government factions under his leadership. The attempt failed as another (opposing) Sanacja politician, President Ignacy Mościcki, likewise had a large following; nevertheless, substantial numbers of people did throw their lot in with Rydz-Śmigły. On February 21, 1937, diplomat and Colonel Adam Koc formally announced the formation of OZN. Its stated aims were to improve Poland's national defense and to safeguard the April 1935 Constitution. OZN was strongly pro-military, and its politicians sought to portray Marshal Rydz-Śmigły as Marshal Józef Piłsudski's heir, describing Rydz-Śmigły as the "second person in the country" after President Mościcki—a claim that had no foundation in the Polish Constitution. The OZN adopted 13 theses on the Jewish question. Modeled after the Nuremberg laws, they labelled Jews as a foreign element that should be deprived of all civil rights and ultimately expelled altogether. However, because the OZN was a political grouping without actual concrete political power, these laws remained theoretical and were never implemented or enforced in pre-war Poland. OZNs first official leader was Adam Koc, and its second was General Stanisław Skwarczyński. After the 1939 German invasion of Poland and the start of World War II, OZN leadership passed to Colonel Zygmunt Wenda. In 1937, OZN claimed some 40,000–50,000 members; in 1938, 100,000. During World War II and the German occupation of Poland, OZNs underground military arm, created in 1942, was known as Obóz Polski Walczącej (the Camp of Fighting Poland).

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Captain (armed forces)

The army rank of captain (from the French capitaine) is a commissioned officer rank historically corresponding to the command of a company of soldiers.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Chortkiv

Chortkiv (Чортків; Czortków; טשאָרטקאָוו Chortkov) is a city in Ternopil Oblast (province) in western Ukraine.

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Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies

There was a succession of Soviet secret police agencies over time.

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Churchill war ministry

The Churchill war ministry was a Conservative-led coalition government in the United Kingdom that lasted for most of the Second World War.

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Cichociemni

Cichociemni (the "Silent Unseen") were elite special-operations paratroops of the Polish Army in exile, created in Great Britain during World War II to operate in occupied Poland (Cichociemni Spadochroniarze Armii Krajowej).

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Collaboration

Collaboration occurs when two or more people or organizations work together--> to realize or achieve a goal.

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Collaborationism

Collaborationism is cooperation with the enemy against one's country in wartime.

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Colonization

Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Cordell Hull

Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Council of National Unity

Rada Jedności Narodowej (Council of National Unity, RJN) was the quasi-parliament of the Polish Underground State during World War II.

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Cursed soldiers

The "cursed soldiers" (also known as "doomed soldiers", "accursed soldiers" or "damned soldiers"; Żołnierze wyklęci) or "indomitable soldiers" is a term applied to a variety of Polish anti-Soviet or anti-communist Polish resistance movements formed in the later stages of World War II and its aftermath by some members of the Polish Underground State.

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Czortków uprising

The Czortków uprising (Powstanie Czortkowskie) was a failed attempt at resisting Soviet state repressions by the young anti-Soviet Poles most of whom were prewar students from the local high school.

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Dmytro Klyachkivsky

Dmytro Klyachkivsky (Клячківський Дмитро (Роман); 4 November 1911 - 12 February 1945), also known by his pseudonyms Klym Savur, Okhrim, and Bilash, was a commander of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), first head-commander of the UPA-North.

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Douglas C-47 Skytrain

The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota (RAF designation) is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner.

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Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.

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Edward Wasilewski

Edward Wasilewski (1923 – 22 August 1968), pseudonym Wichura (Strong gale), was one of the best known anti-communist fighters in the Polish resistance during the Soviet takeover of Poland.

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Emil August Fieldorf

Emil August Fieldorf “Nil” (20 March 1895 – 24 February 1953) was a Polish brigadier general and a Second World War hero.

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Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski

Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (1 March 1899 – 8 March 1972) was a high-ranking SS commander of Nazi Germany.

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Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory

Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory is a history book about World War II in Europe, written by the English historian Norman Davies.

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Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany

The Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany during World War II was a massive Nazi German operation consisting of the forced resettlement of over 1.7 million Poles from all territories of occupied Poland with the aim of their geopolitical Germanization (see Lebensraum) between 1939–1944.

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Far-right politics

Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.

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Felix Frankfurter

Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882February 22, 1965) was an American lawyer, professor, and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

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Franciszek Kamiński

Franciszek Kamiński (20 September 1902, Mikułowice, Opatów County - 24 February 2000 in Warsaw) was a Polish general and activist of the peasant movement.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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Franz Kutschera

Franz Kutschera (22 February 1904 – 1 February 1944) was a high-ranking Austrian Nazi official, SS-Brigadeführer and member of the German security services.

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Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (Ukrainian and Галичина, Halyčyna; Galicja; Czech and Halič; Galizien; Galícia/Kaliz/Gácsország/Halics; Galiția/Halici; Галиция, Galicija; גאַליציע Galitsiye) is a historical and geographic region in Central Europe once a small Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia and later a crown land of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, that straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine.

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Gęsiówka

Gęsiówka is the colloquial Polish name for a prison that once existed on Gęsia ("Goose") Street in Warsaw, Poland, and which, under German occupation during World War II, became a Nazi concentration camp.

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General Government

The General Government (Generalgouvernement, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate, was a German zone of occupation established after the joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II.

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General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland

The General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland (אַלגעמײַנער ײדישער אַרבעטער בּונד אין פוילין tr: Algemeyner yidisher arbeter bund in poyln, Ogólno-Żydowski Związek Robotniczy "Bund" w Polsce) was a Jewish socialist party in Poland which promoted the political, cultural and social autonomy of Jewish workers, sought to combat antisemitism and was generally opposed to Zionism.

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Generalplan Ost

The Generalplan Ost (Master Plan for the East), abbreviated GPO, was the German government's plan for the genocide and ethnic cleansing on a vast scale, and colonization of Central and Eastern Europe by Germans.

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George Malcher

George Charles Malcher also known as G.C. Malcher or Jerzy Karol Malcher (11 July 1914 – 21 May 2001) was a writer, historian, and political analyst educated in the field of law at the Jagiellonian University of Kraków in the Interwar Poland.

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German Army (Wehrmacht)

The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular German Armed Forces, from 1935 until it was demobilized and later dissolved in August 1946.

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German-occupied Europe

German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regime.

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Gestapo

The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.

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Ghetto Action

Action Getto (pol. Akcja Getto) - code name for the armed actions of the Polish Underground State during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising aimed at helping the insurgents.

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Government Delegation for Poland

The Government Delegation for Poland (Delegatura Rządu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Kraj) was an agency of the Polish Government in Exile during World War II.

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Graffiti

Graffiti (plural of graffito: "a graffito", but "these graffiti") are writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or painted, typically illicitly, on a wall or other surface, often within public view.

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Gray Ranks

"Gray Ranks" (Szare Szeregi) was a codename for the underground paramilitary Polish Scouting Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego) during World War II.

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Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

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Gulag

The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.

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Gwardia Ludowa

Gwardia Ludowa (People’s Guard) or GL was a communist underground armed organization created by the communist Polish Workers Party in German occupied Poland, with sponsorship from the Soviet Union.

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Gwardia Ludowa WRN

Gwardia Ludowa WRN (GL WRN, People's Guard of WRN) was a part of the Polish resistance movement in World War II.

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Gwido Langer

Lt.

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Hans Frank

Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a German war criminal and lawyer who worked for the Nazi Party during the 1920s and 1930s, and later became Adolf Hitler's personal lawyer.

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Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany.

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Heinz Reinefarth

Heinz Reinefarth, 26 December 1903 – 7 May 1979) was a German SS commander during World War II and government official in West Germany after the war. During the Warsaw Uprising of August 1944 his troops committed numerous atrocities. After the war Reinefarth became the mayor of the town of Westerland and member of the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag. Despite Polish demands for extradition, he was never convicted of any war crimes.

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Henryk Dobrzański

Major Henryk Dobrzański aka "Hubal" (22 June 1897 - 30 April 1940) was a Polish soldier, sportsman and partisan.

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Henryk Iwański

Henryk Iwański (1902-1978), nom de guerre Bystry, was a member of the Polish resistance during World War II.

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History of Poland (1939–1945)

The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II.

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History of Poland (1945–1989)

The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Soviet dominance and communist rule imposed after the end of World War II over Poland, as reestablished within new borders.

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History of Polish intelligence services

This article covers the history of Polish Intelligence services dating back to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.

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Hollywood

Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California.

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Holy Cross Mountains Brigade

The Holy Cross Mountains Brigade (Brygada Świętokrzyska) was a tactical unit of the National Armed Forces (Narodowe Siły Zbrojne, NSZ), one of the Polish underground military organizations during World War II.

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Home Army

The Home Army (Armia Krajowa;, abbreviated AK) was the dominant Polish resistance movement in Poland, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, during World War II.

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Home Army and V-1 and V-2

During World War II, the Polish resistance Home Army (Armia Krajowa), which conducted military operations against occupying German forces, was also heavily involved in intelligence work.

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Igo Sym

Karol Juliusz "Igo" Sym (July 3, 1896 – March 7, 1941) was an Austrian-born Polish actor and collaborator with Nazi Germany.

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Institute of National Remembrance

The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu; IPN) is a Polish government-affiliated research institute with lustration prerogatives, as well as prosecution powers.

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Intelligence officer

An Intelligence Officer is a person employed by an organization to collect, compile and/or analyze information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organization.

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Internetowa encyklopedia PWN

Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (Polish for Internet PWN Encyclopedia) is a free online Polish-language encyclopedia published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

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Internment

Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges, and thus no trial.

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Irena Sendler

Irena Sendler, also referred to as Irena Sendlerowa in Poland, nom de guerre "Jolanta" (15 February 1910 – 12 May 2008), was a Polish social worker and humanitarian who served in the Polish Underground during World War II in German-occupied Warsaw, and from October 1943 was head of the children's section of Żegota, the Polish Council to Aid Jews (Rada Pomocy Żydom).

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Ivan Serov

State Security General Ivan Alexandrovich Serov (Ива́н Алексáндрович Серóв; 13 August 1905 – 1 July 1990) was a prominent leader of Soviet security and intelligence agencies, head of the KGB between March 1954 and December 1958, as well as head of the GRU between 1958 and 1963.

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Jan Bytnar

Jan Roman Bytnar, nom de guerre "Rudy" (ginger) (born 6 May 1921, Kolbuszowa, Poland - died 30 March 1943, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish scoutmaster, a member of Polish scouting anti-Nazi resistance, and a lieutenant in the Home Army during the Second World War.

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Jan Karski

Jan Karski (24 June 1914 – 13 July 2000) was a Polish World War II resistance-movement soldier, and later a professor at Georgetown University.

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Jan Stanisław Jankowski

Jan Stanisław Jankowski (6 May 1882 – 13 March 1953; noms de guerre Doktor, Jan, Klonowski, Sobolewski, Soból) was a Polish politician, an important figure in the Polish civil resistance during World War II and a Government Delegate at Home.

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Jan Włodarkiewicz

Lieutenant Colonel Jan Włodarkiewicz (1900–1942; noms de guerre Damian, Darwicz and Odważny) was a Polish soldier, an officer of the Polish Army and a freedom fighter during World War II.

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Józef Franczak

Józef Franczak (17 March 1918 – 21 October 1963) was a soldier of the Polish Army, Armia Krajowa World War II resistance, and last of the cursed soldiers – members of the militant anti-communist resistance in Poland.

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Józef Pszenny

Józef Pszenny (born March 17, 1910 in Pruszyn, February 3, 1993 in Chicago) - Polish military commander, sapper captain of Polish Army, head of the Sapper Department of "XII-s" Warsaw District of Home Army.

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Jürgen Stroop

Jürgen Stroop (born Josef Stroop, 26 September 1895 – 6 March 1952) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era, who served as SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland.

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Jędrusie

Jędrusie (literally Little Andrews) was a Polish underground guerrilla group during World War II, created in 1941.

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Jewish Combat Organization

The Jewish Combat Organization (Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa, ŻOB; ייִדישע קאַמף אָרגאַניזאַציע Yidishe Kamf Organizatsie; often translated to English as the Jewish Fighting Organization) was a World War II resistance movement in occupied Poland, which was instrumental in engineering the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

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Jewish Military Union

Żydowski Związek Wojskowy (ŻZW, Polish for Jewish Military Union) was an underground resistance organization operating during World War II in the area of the Warsaw Ghetto, which fought during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and 1944 Warsaw Uprising.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Kazimierz Piechowski

Kazimierz Piechowski (3 October 1919 – 15 December 2017) was a Polish engineer, a Boy Scout during the Second Polish Republic, a political prisoner of the German Nazis at Auschwitz concentration camp, a soldier of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) then a prisoner for seven years of the post war communist government of Poland.

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Kazimierz Pużak

Kazimierz Pużak (1883–1950) was a Polish politician of the interwar period.

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Kedyw

Kedyw (partial acronym of Kierownictwo Dywersji ("Directorate of Diversion") was a Polish World War II Home Army unit that conducted active and passive sabotage, propaganda, and armed operations against German forces and collaborators.

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Kielce

Kielce is a city in south central Poland with 199,475 inhabitants.

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Konfederacja Narodu

Konfederacja Narodu (Confederation of the Nation) was one of the Polish resistance organizations in occupied Poland during World War II.

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Konstantin Rokossovsky

Konstantin Konstantinovich (Xaverevich) Rokossovsky (December 21, 1896 – August 3, 1968) was a Soviet officer of Polish origin who became Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland and served as Poland's Defence Minister from 1949 until his removal in 1956 during the Polish October.

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Kotwica

The Kotwica (Polish for "Anchor") was a World War II emblem of the Polish Underground State and Armia Krajowa (Home Army, or AK).

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Kuryłówka

Kuryłówka is a village in Leżajsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Labor Party (Stronnictwo Pracy)

Stronnictwo Pracy (Labour Party) was a Polish Christian democratic political party, active from 1937 in the Second Polish Republic and later part of the Polish government in exile.

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Lavrentiy Beria

Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (p; tr,; 29 March 1899 – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet politician, Marshal of the Soviet Union and state security administrator, chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus (NKVD) under Joseph Stalin during World War II, and promoted to deputy premier under Stalin from 1941.

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Leśni

Leśni ludzie ("forest people") is an informal name applied to some anti-German partisan groups that operated in occupied Poland during World War II, being a part of Polish resistance movement.

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Leon Schiller

Leon Schiller or Leon Schiller de Schildenfeld (14 March 1887 – 25 March 1954) was a Polish theatre and film director, as well as critic and theatre theoretician.

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Leopold Okulicki

General Leopold Okulicki (noms de guerre Kobra, Niedźwiadek; 1898 – 1946) was a General of the Polish Army and the last commander of the anti-German underground Home Army during World War II.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

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Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force

The Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force or LTDF (Lietuvos vietinė rinktinė, LVR, Litauische Sonderverbände) was a short-lived, Lithuanian, volunteer armed force created and disbanded in 1944 during the German occupation of Lithuania.

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Lublin

Lublin (Lublinum) is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland.

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Lviv

Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.

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Lwów uprising

The Lwów uprising (powstanie lwowskie, akcja Burza) was an armed insurrection by the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) underground forces of the Polish resistance movement in World War II against the Nazi German occupation of the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) in the latter stages of World War II.

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M. R. D. Foot

Michael Richard Daniell "M.

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Machine gun

A machine gun is a fully automatic mounted or portable firearm designed to fire bullets in rapid succession from an ammunition belt or magazine, typically at a rate of 300 rounds per minute or higher.

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Maksymilian Ciężki

Maksymilian Ciężki (Samter, Province of Posen (now Szamotuły, Poland), 24 November 1898 – 9 November 1951 in London, England) was the head of the Polish Cipher Bureau's German section (BS–4) in the 1930s, during which time—from December 1932—the Bureau decrypted German Enigma messages.

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Marian Spychalski

Marian "Marek" Spychalski (6 December 1906 – 7 June 1980) was a Polish architect in pre-war Poland, and later, military commander and communist politician.

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Mass murder

Mass murder is the act of murdering a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity.

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Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp complex

The Mauthausen–Gusen concentration camp complex consisted of the Mauthausen concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen (roughly east of Linz, Upper Austria) plus a group of nearly 100 further subcamps located throughout Austria and southern Germany.

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Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski

General Michał Tadeusz Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, Coat of arms of Trąby pseudonym Doktor, Stolarski, TorwidJozef Garlinski Poland in the Second World War, Page 40 (b. 5 January 1893 in Lwów - 22 May 1964 in Casablanca, Morocco) was a Polish general, founder of the resistance movement "Polish Victory Service".

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Mieczysław Zygfryd Słowikowski

Mieczysław Zygfryd Słowikowski (Jazgarzew, near Warsaw, 1896–1989, London), also known as "Rygor-Słowikowski," was a Polish Army officer whose intelligence work in North Africa facilitated Allied preparations for the 1942 Operation Torch landings.

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Military intelligence

Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist commanders in their decisions.

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Ministry of Public Security (Poland)

The Ministry of Public Security of Poland (Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego or MBP) was a postwar communist, secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage service operating from 1945 to 1954 under minister for Public Security general (Generał brygady) Stanisław Radkiewicz, and supervised by Jakub Berman of the Politburo.

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Minor sabotage

A minor sabotage (aka little sabotage or small sabotage; mały sabotaż) during World War II in Nazi-occupied Poland (1939–45) was any underground resistance operation that involved a disruptive but relatively minor and non-violent form of defiance, such as the painting of graffiti, the manufacture of fake documents, the disrupting of German propaganda campaigns, and the like.

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Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

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National Armed Forces

Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (NSZ; English: National Armed Forces) was a Polish anti-Nazi and later anti-Soviet military organization which was part of Poland's World War II resistance movement.

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National Military Organization

Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa (National Military Organization, NOW) was one of the Polish resistance movements in World War II.

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National Military Union

Narodowe Zjednoczenie Wojskowe (National Military Union, NZW) was a Polish anti-Communist organization, founded in November 1944, after collapse of the Warsaw Uprising.

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National Party (Poland)

The National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe, SN) was a Polish nationalist political party formed on 7 October 1928 after the transformation of Popular National Union.

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National Radical Camp Falanga

The Falanga National Radical Camp (Ruch Narodowo Radykalny-Falanga, RNR-Falanga, colloquially ONR-Falanga), was a minor Polish far-right political grouping of the 1930s, one of two to emerge following the split of the National Radical Camp (Oboz Narodowo Radykalny, ONR) in 1934.

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National Security Corps

Państwowy Korpus Bezpieczeństwa (Polish for National Security Corps, short PKB, sometimes also referred to as Kadra Bezpieczeństwa) was a Polish underground police force organized by the Armia Krajowa and Government Delegate's Office at Home under German occupation during World War II.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Nazism

National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.

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NIE (resistance)

NIE (short for niepodległość "independence", and also meaning "no") was a Polish anticommunist resistance organisation formed in 1943.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.

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Norman Davies

Ivor Norman Richard Davies (born 8 June 1939) is a British-Polish historian noted for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom.

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Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during the Second World War (1939–1945) began with the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945.

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Operation Arsenal

The Operation Arsenal, code name: "Meksyk II" (Akcja pod Arsenałem) was the first major operation by the Szare Szeregi (Gray Ranks) Polish Underground formation during the Nazi occupation of Poland.

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Operation Bürkl

Operation Bürkl (operacja Bürkl), or the special combat action Bürkl (specjalna akcja bojowa Bürkl), was an operation by the Polish resistance conducted on September 7, 1943.

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Operation Belt

Operation Belt (Polish Akcja Taśma) was one of the large-scale anti-Nazi Germany operations of the Armia Krajowa Kedyw during World War II.

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Operation Crossbow

Crossbow was the code name of the World War II campaign of Anglo-American "operations against all phases of the German long-range weapons programme.

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Operation Heads

Operation Heads (Operacja Główki) was the code name for a series of assassinations of Nazi officials by the World War II Polish Resistance.

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Operation Kutschera

Operation Kutschera was the code name for the successful execution of Franz Kutschera, SS and Reich's Police Chief in German-occupied Warsaw, who was shot on 1 February 1944 by a combat sabotage unit of Kedyw of the Home Army (predecessor of Battalion Parasol) mainly manned by members of scouting and guiding Gray Ranks.

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Operation Most III

Operation Most III (Polish for Bridge III) or Operation Wildhorn III (in British documents) was a World War II operation in which Poland's Armia Krajowa provided the Allies with crucial intelligence on the German V-2 rocket.

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Operation N

Operation N (Akcja N, where "N" stands for the Polish word "Niemcy," "Germany") was a complex of sabotage, subversion and black-propaganda activities carried out by the Polish resistance against Nazi German occupation forces during World War II, from April 1941 to April 1944.

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Operation Ostra Brama

Operation Ostra Brama (lit. Operation Sharp Gate, English: Operation Gate of Dawn) was an armed conflict during World War II between the Polish Home Army and the Nazi German occupiers of Vilnius (Polish: Wilno).

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Operation Tempest

Operation Tempest (akcja „Burza”, sometimes referred in English as Operation Storm) was a series of anti-Nazi uprisings conducted during World War II by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK), the dominant force in the Polish resistance.

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Operation Torch

Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942, formerly Operation Gymnast) was a Anglo–American invasion of French North Africa, during the North African Campaign of the Second World War.

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Operation Wieniec

Operation Wieniec (Akcja Wieniec, "Operation Garland") was a large-scale World War II anti-Nazi Home Army operation.

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Oskar Dirlewanger

Oskar Dirlewanger (26 September 1895 – 7 June 1945) was a German military officer (SS-Oberführer) who served as the founder and commander of the Nazi SS penal unit "Dirlewanger" during World War II.

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Panzer

The word Panzer is a German word that means "armour" or specifically, "tank".

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Pawiak

Pawiak was a prison built in 1835 in Warsaw, Poland.

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Peenemünde

Peenemünde ("Peene Mouth") is a municipality on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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People's Commissariat for State Security

The People's Commissariat for State Security (Народный комиссариат государственной безопасности) or NKGB, was the name of the Soviet secret police, intelligence and counter-intelligence force that existed from February 3, 1941 to July 20, 1941, and again in 1943, before being renamed the Ministry for State Security (MGB).

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People's Party (Poland)

The People's Party (Stronnictwo Ludowe, SL) was a Polish political party, active from 1931 in the Second Polish Republic.

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Poale Zion

Poale Zion (also spelled Poalei Tziyon or Poaley Syjon, meaning "Workers of Zion") was a movement of Marxist–Zionist Jewish workers founded in various cities of Poland, Europe and the Russian Empire in about the turn of the 20th century after the Bund rejected Zionism in 1901.

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Podolia

Podolia or Podilia (Подíлля, Podillja, Подо́лье, Podolʹje., Podolya, Podole, Podolien, Podolė) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria).

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Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany

Following the Invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, nearly a quarter of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic was annexed by Nazi Germany and placed directly under the German civil administration.

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Polish contribution to World War II

The European theatre of World War II opened with the German invasion of Poland on Friday September 1, 1939 and the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939.

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Polish government-in-exile

The Polish government-in-exile, formally known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.

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Polish People's Army

The Polish People's Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie, LWP) constituted the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East (1943–1945) and later the armed forces (1945–1989) of the Polish communist government of Poland (from 1952, the Polish People's Republic) along with the ruling Polish United Workers' Party.

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Polish People's Army PAL

The Polish People's Army (PAL) (Polska Armia Ludowa) was an underground leftist military organization in Nazi-occupied Poland during World War II.

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Polish People's Republic

The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.

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Polish resistance in France during World War II

After the fall of France, many Poles who were not involved in the regular Polish Army in France during World War II, or who were unable to reach the United Kingdom where the Polish Army in the United Kingdom had been formed, became the pillars of the Polish resistance in France.

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Polish Scouting and Guiding Association

The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZHP) is the coeducational Polish Scouting organization recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts.

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Polish Socialist Party

The Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) was a left-wing Polish political party.

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Polish Underground State

The Polish Underground State (Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) is a collective term for the underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian, that were loyal to the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile in London.

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Polish Workers' Party

The Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR) was a communist party in Poland from 1942 to 1948.

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Pruszków

Pruszków (English: Pruscow) is a city in central Poland, situated in the Masovian Voivodeship since 1999.

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Radom

Radom (ראָדעם Rodem) is a city in east-central Poland with 219,703 inhabitants (2013).

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Ravensbrück concentration camp

Ravensbrück was a German concentration camp exclusively for women from 1939 to 1945, located in northern Germany, north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück (part of Fürstenberg/Havel).

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Reich

Reich is a German word literally meaning "realm".

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Reiner Stahel

Rainer Stahel, (15 January 1892 – 30 November 1955) was a German officer and a member of the Nazi Party.

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Resistance during World War II

Resistance movements during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda, to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns.

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Resistance in Lithuania during World War II

During World War II, Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union (1940–1941), Nazi Germany (1941–1944), and the Soviet Union again in 1944.

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Resistance movement

A resistance movement is an organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to withstand the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability.

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Rising '44

Rising '44: The Battle for Warsaw is a history book about the Warsaw Uprising, written by the English historian Norman Davies.

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Roman Shukhevych

Roman-Taras Yosypovych Shukhevych (Рома́н-Тарас Йо́сипович Шухе́вич, also known by his pseudonym Taras Chuprynka, 30 June 1907 – 5 March 1950) was a Ukrainian politician, military leader and general of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), as well as a one-time ally of Nazi Germany and one of the organizers of the Halych-Volhyn Massacre.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Rudolf Höss

Rudolf Höss (also Höß, Hoeß or Hoess; 25 November 1901 – 16 April 1947) was a Nazi German SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) and the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp in World War II.

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Sabotage

Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, effort or organization through subversion, obstruction, disruption or destruction.

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Samuel Stritch

Samuel Alphonsius Stritch (August 17, 1887 – May 27, 1958) was an American Cardinal prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes;; literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Secret Polish Army

Tajna Armia Polska, TAP (Secret Polish Army) was a Resistance movement founded in November 1939 in German-occupied Poland, which was active in the areas of the Warsaw, Podlasie, Kielce and Lublin Voivodships.

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Show trial

A show trial is a public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant.

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Siedlce

Siedlce (שעדליץ, Седлец) is a city in eastern Poland with 76,585 inhabitants.

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SMERSH

SMERSH (СМЕРШ) was an umbrella organisation for three independent counter-intelligence agencies in the Red Army formed in late 1942 or even earlier, but officially announced only on 14 April 1943.

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Sonderdienst

Sonderdienst (Special Services) were the Nazi German paramilitary formations created in semicolonial General Government during the occupation of Poland in World War II.

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Soviet partisans

The Soviet partisans were members of resistance movements that fought a guerrilla war against the Axis forces in the Soviet Union, the previously Soviet-occupied territories of interwar Poland in 1941–45 and eastern Finland.

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Soviet partisans in Poland

Poland was invaded and annexed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the invasion of Poland in 1939.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Sovietization

Sovietization is the adoption of a political system based on the model of soviets (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life and mentality modelled after the Soviet Union.

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Special Courts

Special Courts (Polish Sądy Specjalne) were World War II underground courts in occupied Poland, organized by the Polish Government-in-Exile.

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Stanisław Kasznica

Stanisław Józef Bronisław Kasznica (July 25, 1908 – May 12, 1948) was the last commander of the National Armed Forces (NSZ), an anti-communist, and anti-Nazi paramilitary organization, which was part of the Polish resistance movement in World War II and in the period following it.

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Stefan Jaracz

Stefan Jaracz (24 December 1883 – 11 August 1945) was a Polish actor and theater producer.

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Stefan Korboński

Stefan Korboński (2 March 1901 in Praszka - 23 April 1989 in Washington, D.C., USA) was a Polish agrarian politician, lawyer, journalist and a notable member of the wartime authorities of the Polish Secret State.

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Stefan Rowecki

Stefan Paweł Rowecki (pseudonym: Grot, "Spearhead", hence the alternate name, Stefan Grot-Rowecki, 25 December 1895 – 2 August 1944) was a Polish general, journalist and the leader of the Armia Krajowa.

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Stephen Samuel Wise

Stephen Samuel Wise (1874–1949) was an early 20th-century American, Progressive Era, Reform rabbi, and Zionist leader.

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Steyr automobile

Steyr was an Austrian automotive brand, established in 1915 as a branch of the Österreichische Waffenfabriks-Gesellschaft (ÖWG) weapon manufacturing company.

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Stroop Report

The Stroop Report is an official report prepared by General Jürgen Stroop for the SS chief Heinrich Himmler, recounting the German suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the liquidation of the ghetto in the spring of 1943.

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Subversion

Subversion (Latin subvertere: overthrow) refers to a process by which the values and principles of a system in place are contradicted or reversed, an attempt to transform the established social order and its structures of power, authority, hierarchy, and norm (social).

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Suwałki

Suwałki (Suvalkai, סואוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with 69,210 inhabitants (2011).

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Sybirak

A sybirak (plural: sybiracy) is a person resettled to Siberia.

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Tadeusz Żenczykowski

Tadeusz Żenczykowski, pseudonym "Kania", "Kowalik" and "Zawadzki" (2 January 1907, in Warsaw – 30 March 1997, in London) was a Polish lawyer, political activist and soldier in the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) during World War II, taking part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.

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Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski

General Tadeusz Komorowski (1 June 1895 – 24 August 1966), better known by the name Bór-Komorowski (after one of his wartime code-names: Bór – "The Forest") was a Polish military leader.

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Tadeusz Piotrowski (sociologist)

Tadeusz Piotrowski or Thaddeus Piotrowski (born 1940) is a Polish-American sociologist.

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Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union

17 days after the German invasion of Poland in 1939, which marked the beginning of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded the eastern regions of the Second Polish Republic, which Poland re-established during the Polish–Soviet War and referred to as the "Kresy", and annexed territories totaling with a population of 13,299,000 inhabitants including Lithuanians,Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles, Jews, Czechs and others.

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.

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Trial of the Sixteen

The Trial of the Sixteen (Proces szesnastu) was a staged trial of 16 leaders of the Polish Underground State held by the Soviet authorities in Moscow in 1945.

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Ukrainian Insurgent Army

The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Українська повстанська армія, УПА, Ukrayins’ka Povstans’ka Armiya, UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and later partisan army that engaged in a series of guerrilla conflicts during World War II against Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and both Underground and Communist Poland.

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Unfree labour

Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), compulsion, or other forms of extreme hardship to themselves or members of their families.

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Union of Armed Struggle

Związek Walki Zbrojnej (abbreviation: ZWZ; Union of Armed Struggle; also translated as Union for Armed Struggle, Association of Armed Struggle or Association for Armed Struggle) was an underground army formed in Poland following its invasion in September 1939 by Germany and the Soviet Union that opened World War II.

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Union of Retaliation

Union of Retaliation (Polish:Związek Odwetu or Z.O.) was a Polish World War II resistance organization established on 20 April 1940.

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V-2 rocket

The V-2 (Vergeltungswaffe 2, "Retribution Weapon 2"), technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.

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Volhynia

Volhynia, also Volynia or Volyn (Wołyń, Volýn) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe straddling between south-eastern Poland, parts of south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine.

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Waffen-SS

The Waffen-SS (Armed SS) was the armed wing of the Nazi Party's SS organisation.

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Walter Laqueur

Walter Ze'ev Laqueur (born 26 May 1921) is an American historian, journalist and political commentator.

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Walter Model

Walter Model (24 January 1891 – 21 April 1945) was a German field marshal during World War II.

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Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz

Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz (1886–1968), code name “Alinka”” or “Alicja”, was a leading figure in Warsaw’s underground resistance movement throughout the years of German occupation during World War II in Poland, co-founder of Żegota.

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Warsaw

Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Warsaw Ghetto

The Warsaw Ghetto (Warschauer Ghetto, officially Jüdischer Wohnbezirk in Warschau Jewish Residential District in Warsaw; getto warszawskie) was the largest of all the Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (אױפֿשטאַנד אין װאַרשעװער געטאָ; powstanie w getcie warszawskim; Aufstand im Warschauer Ghetto) was the 1943 act of Jewish resistance that arose within the Warsaw Ghetto in German-occupied Poland during World War II, and which opposed Nazi Germany's final effort to transport the remaining Ghetto population to Treblinka.

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Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising (powstanie warszawskie; Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army (Armia Krajowa), to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.

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Wawer massacre

The Wawer massacre refers to the execution of 107 Polish civilians on the night of 26 to 27 December 1939 by the Nazi German occupiers of Wawer (near Warsaw), Poland.

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Władysław Bartoszewski

Władysław Bartoszewski (19 February 1922 – 24 April 2015) was a Polish politician, social activist, journalist, writer and historian.

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Włodzimierz Borodziej

Włodzimierz Borodziej (born 9 September 1956 in Warsaw) is a Polish historian and writer specializing in contemporary European history with particular focus on Polish-German relations.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".

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Western betrayal

The concept of Western betrayal refers to the view that the United Kingdom and France failed to meet their legal, diplomatic, military and moral obligations with respect to the Czechoslovak and Polish nations during the prelude to and aftermath of World War II.

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WIEM Encyklopedia

WIEM Encyklopedia (full name in Wielka Interaktywna Encyklopedia Multimedialna - "Great Interactive Multimedia Encyclopedia"; 'wiem' in the Polish language also means "I know") is a Polish Internet encyclopedia.

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William J. Donovan

William Joseph Donovan (January 1, 1883 – February 8, 1959) was an American soldier, lawyer, intelligence officer and diplomat.

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Witold Pilecki

Witold Pilecki (13 May 190125 May 1948;; codenames Roman Jezierski, Tomasz Serafiński, Druh, Witold) was a Polish cavalryman and intelligence officer.

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Wola

Wola is a district in western Warsaw, Poland, formerly the village of Wielka Wola, incorporated into Warsaw in 1916.

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Wood wool

Wood wool, known primarily as excelsior in North America, is a product made of wood slivers cut from logs and is mainly used in packaging, for cooling pads in home evaporative cooling systems known as swamp coolers, for erosion control mats, and as a raw material for the production of other products such as bonded wood wool boards and used as stuffing for stuffed animals.

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Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle

Karabin przeciwpancerny wzór 35 (abbreviated "kb ppanc wz. 35"; "rifle antitank model 35"), also UR, was a Polish 7.9 mm anti-tank rifle used by the Polish Army during the Invasion of Poland of 1939.

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Yugoslav Partisans

The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani, Партизани or the National Liberation Army,Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); Народноослободителна војска (НОВ); Narodnoosvobodilna vojska (NOV) officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia,Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV i POJ), Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); Народноослободителна војска и партизански одреди на Југославија (НОВ и ПОЈ); Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV in POJ) was the Communist-led resistance to the Axis powers (chiefly Germany) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.

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Zamość

Zamość (Yiddish: זאמאשטש Zamoshtsh) is a city in southeastern Poland, situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), about from Lublin, from Warsaw and from the border with Ukraine.

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Zamość uprising

The Zamość uprising comprised World War II partisan operations, 1942–1944, by the Polish resistance (primarily the Home Army and Peasant Battalions) against Germany's Generalplan-Ost forced expulsion of Poles from the Zamość region (Zamojszczyzna) and the region's colonization by German settlers.

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Zofia Kossak-Szczucka

Zofia Kossak-Szczucka (10 August 1889 – 9 April 1968) was a Polish writer and World War II resistance fighter.

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ZOMO

Zmotoryzowane Odwody Milicji Obywatelskiej (ZOMO) (Motorized Reserves of the Citizens' Militia), were paramilitary-police formations during the Communist Era, in the People's Republic of Poland.

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Związek Organizacji Wojskowej

Związek Organizacji Wojskowej (Military Organization Union), abbreviated ZOW, was an underground resistance organization formed by Witold Pilecki at Auschwitz concentration camp in 1940.

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3rd Belorussian Front

The 3rd Belorussian Front (alternative spellings are 3rd Byelorussian Front and 3rd Belarusian Front) was a Front of the Red Army during the Second World War.

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3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf

The 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf" (3. SS-Panzerdivision "Totenkopf".) was one of 38 divisions of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Redirects here:

Polish anti-Nazi resistance, Polish resistance during IIWW, Polish resistance during Second World War, Polish resistance during WWII, Polish resistance during World War II, Polish resistance during the World War II, Polish resistance in WWII, Polish resistance in World War II, Polish resistance in the Second World War, Polish resistance in the World War II, Polish resistance movement in world war ii.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II

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