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41 relations: Albert R. Meyer, Alternating Turing machine, Analytical hierarchy, Arithmetical hierarchy, Boolean function, Boolean satisfiability problem, BPP (complexity), Christos Papadimitriou, Co-NP, Complete (complexity), Complexity class, Computational complexity theory, Computers and Intractability, David S. Johnson, De Morgan's laws, Decision problem, Exponential hierarchy, EXPTIME, Formal language, Hierarchy (mathematics), Karp–Lipton theorem, Larry Stockmeyer, Mathematical logic, Michael Garey, NP (complexity), Oracle machine, P (complexity), P versus NP problem, PH (complexity), Polynomial, PSPACE, PSPACE-complete, Recursive language, Recursively enumerable language, Sipser–Lautemann theorem, SO (complexity), Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Time complexity, Toda's theorem, Transitive closure, Turing machine.
Albert R. Meyer
Albert Ronald da Silva Meyer (born 1941) is a professor of computer science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
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Alternating Turing machine
In computational complexity theory, an alternating Turing machine (ATM) is a non-deterministic Turing machine (NTM) with a rule for accepting computations that generalizes the rules used in the definition of the complexity classes NP and co-NP.
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Analytical hierarchy
In mathematical logic and descriptive set theory, the analytical hierarchy is an extension of the arithmetical hierarchy.
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Arithmetical hierarchy
In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy, arithmetic hierarchy or Kleene–Mostowski hierarchy classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them.
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Boolean function
In mathematics and logic, a (finitary) Boolean function (or switching function) is a function of the form ƒ: Bk → B, where B.
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Boolean satisfiability problem
In computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated as SATISFIABILITY or SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula.
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BPP (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, BPP, which stands for bounded-error probabilistic polynomial time is the class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time with an error probability bounded away from 1/2 for all instances.
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Christos Papadimitriou
Christos Harilaos Papadimitriou (Greek: Χρήστος Χαρίλαος Παπαδημητρίου; born August 16, 1949) is a Greek theoretical computer scientist, and professor of Computer Science at Columbia University.
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Co-NP
In computational complexity theory, co-NP is a complexity class.
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Complete (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem is complete for a complexity class if it is, in a technical sense, among the "hardest" (or "most expressive") problems in the complexity class.
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Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, a complexity class is a set of problems of related resource-based complexity.
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Computational complexity theory
Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other.
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Computers and Intractability
In computer science, more specifically computational complexity theory, Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness is an influential textbook by Michael Garey and David S. Johnson.
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David S. Johnson
David Stifler Johnson (December 9, 1945 – March 8, 2016) was an American computer scientist specializing in algorithms and optimization.
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De Morgan's laws
In propositional logic and boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference.
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Decision problem
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a decision problem is a problem that can be posed as a yes-no question of the input values.
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Exponential hierarchy
In computational complexity theory, the exponential hierarchy is a hierarchy of complexity classes, which is an exponential time analogue of the polynomial hierarchy.
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EXPTIME
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class EXPTIME (sometimes called EXP or DEXPTIME) is the set of all decision problems that have exponential runtime, i.e., that are solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in O(2p(n)) time, where p(n) is a polynomial function of n. In terms of DTIME, We know and also, by the time hierarchy theorem and the space hierarchy theorem, that so at least one of the first three inclusions and at least one of the last three inclusions must be proper, but it is not known which ones are.
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Formal language
In mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language is a set of strings of symbols together with a set of rules that are specific to it.
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Hierarchy (mathematics)
In mathematics, a hierarchy is a set-theoretical object, consisting of a preorder defined on a set.
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Karp–Lipton theorem
In complexity theory, the Karp–Lipton theorem states that if the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) can be solved by Boolean circuits with a polynomial number of logic gates, then That is, if we assume that NP, the class of nondeterministic polynomial time problems, can be contained in the non-uniform polynomial time complexity class P/poly, then this assumption implies the collapse of the polynomial hierarchy at its second level.
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Larry Stockmeyer
Larry Joseph Stockmeyer (1948 – 31 July 2004) was an American computer scientist.
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Mathematical logic
Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications of formal logic to mathematics.
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Michael Garey
Michael Randolph Garey is a computer science researcher, and co-author (with David S. Johnson) of Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-completeness.
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NP (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, NP (for nondeterministic polynomial time) is a complexity class used to describe certain types of decision problems.
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Oracle machine
In complexity theory and computability theory, an oracle machine is an abstract machine used to study decision problems.
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P (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class.
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P versus NP problem
The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer science.
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PH (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class PH is the union of all complexity classes in the polynomial hierarchy: PH was first defined by Larry Stockmeyer.
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Polynomial
In mathematics, a polynomial is an expression consisting of variables (also called indeterminates) and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents of variables.
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PSPACE
In computational complexity theory, PSPACE is the set of all decision problems that can be solved by a Turing machine using a polynomial amount of space.
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PSPACE-complete
In computational complexity theory, a decision problem is PSPACE-complete if it can be solved using an amount of memory that is polynomial in the input length (polynomial space) and if every other problem that can be solved in polynomial space can be transformed to it in polynomial time.
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Recursive language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language (a set of finite sequences of symbols taken from a fixed alphabet) is called recursive if it is a recursive subset of the set of all possible finite sequences over the alphabet of the language.
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Recursively enumerable language
In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language is called recursively enumerable (also recognizable, partially decidable, semidecidable, Turing-acceptable or Turing-recognizable) if it is a recursively enumerable subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language, i.e., if there exists a Turing machine which will enumerate all valid strings of the language.
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Sipser–Lautemann theorem
In computational complexity theory, the Sipser–Lautemann theorem or Sipser–Gács–Lautemann theorem states that bounded-error probabilistic polynomial (BPP) time is contained in the polynomial time hierarchy, and more specifically Σ2 ∩ Π2.
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SO (complexity)
Second-order logic is an extension of first-order with second order quantifiers, hence the reader should first read FO (complexity) to be able to understand this article.
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Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
The IEEE Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science.
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Time complexity
In computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of time it takes to run an algorithm.
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Toda's theorem
Toda's theorem is a result in computational complexity theory that was proven by Seinosuke Toda in his paper "PP is as Hard as the Polynomial-Time Hierarchy" (1991) and was given the 1998 Gödel Prize.
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Transitive closure
In mathematics, the transitive closure of a binary relation R on a set X is the smallest relation on X that contains R and is transitive.
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Turing machine
A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation that defines an abstract machine, which manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules.
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Redirects here:
Polynomial time hierarchy, Polynomial-time hierarchy.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_hierarchy
