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153 relations: Abbey, Abbot, Acclamation (Papal elections), Agnes of Poitou, Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Altmann of Passau, Antipope Benedict X, Antipope Clement III, Apennine Mountains, Archbasilica of St. John Lateran, Archdeacon, Augsburg, Aventine Hill, Bagratid Armenia, Battle of Flarchheim, Battle of Langensalza (1075), Beno of Santi Martino e Silvestro, Berengar of Tours, Bishop in the Catholic Church, Blacksmith, Blessed Sacrament, Brittany, Brixen, Burgundy, Byzantine Empire, Canossa, Canterbury, Castel Sant'Angelo, Catholic Church, Celibacy, Cencio I Frangipane, Christmas, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Civita Castellana, Clerical celibacy, Cluny, College of Cardinals, Cologne, Concordat of Worms, County of Apulia and Calabria, Crusades, Deacon, Dictatus papae, Diet (assembly), Diocese, Divine providence, Dol Cathedral, Dol-de-Bretagne, Duchy of Bohemia, Ebles II of Roucy, ..., Encyclical, Eucharist, Excommunication, First Council of the Lateran, First Crusade, Forchheim, France, Germany, Giudicati, Grosseto, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Herbert Edward John Cowdrey, Hermann of Salm, His Holiness, History of Poland during the Piast dynasty, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Empire, Hugh of Die, Hugh of Remiremont, Investiture, Investiture Controversy, Italo-Norman, Italy, Jesus, Johann Georg Estor, John Foxe, Joseph McCabe, Kievan Rus', Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102), Kingdom of Hungary, L'Osservatore Romano, Landulf VI of Benevento, Lanfranc, Libertas ecclesiae, List of Byzantine emperors, List of Catholic saints, List of popes, Lombardy, Mantua, Mass (liturgy), Matilda of Tuscany, Medieval Corsica, Michael VII Doukas, Monk, Monte Cassino, Mysterium fidei (encyclical), Necromancy, Nuremberg, Oppenheim, Papal election, 1061, Papal election, 1086, Papal legate, Papal States, Papal tiara, Pataria, Pentecost, Philip I of France, Piacenza, Pope, Pope Alexander II, Pope Benedict XIII, Pope Gregory VI, Pope Gregory XIII, Pope Leo IX, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Paul VI, Pope Pius V, Pope Stephen IX, Pope Victor II, Pope Victor III, Pope Zachary, Presbyterium, Ravenna, Rhine, Richard I of Capua, Road to Canossa, Robert Guiscard, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan, Roman Catholic Diocese of Pitigliano-Sovana-Orbetello, Rome, Rudolf of Rheinfelden, Sacerdotalism, Salerno, Salerno Cathedral, San Pietro in Vincoli, Santa Maria del Priorato Church, Saxon Rebellion, Saxons, Simony, Sovana, Synod of Worms, Thomas Hobbes, Tours, Trebur, Tuscany, University, Whitsun, William the Conqueror, Worms, Germany. Expand index (103 more) »
Abbey
An abbey is a complex of buildings used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess.
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Abbot
Abbot, meaning father, is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity.
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Acclamation (Papal elections)
Acclamation was formerly one of the methods of papal election.
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Agnes of Poitou
Agnes of Poitou, also called Agnes of Aquitaine or Empress Agnes (– 14 December 1077), a member of the House of Poitiers, was German queen from 1043 and Holy Roman Empress from 1046 until 1056.
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Agostino Paravicini Bagliani
Agostino Paravicini Bagliani (born 19 November 1943, Bergamo) is an Italian historian, specializing in the history of the papacy, cultural anthropology, and in the history of the body and the relationship between nature and society during the Middle Ages.
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Altmann of Passau
Altmann of Passau (c. 1015 – 8 August 1091), often called Saint or Blessed Altmann, was a founder of monasteries and Bishop of Passau.
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Antipope Benedict X
Pope/Antipope Benedict X (died 1073/1080), was born Giovanni, a son of Guido (the youngest son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum), a brother of the notorious Pope Benedict IX (deposed in 1048), a member of the dominant political dynasty in the region at that time.
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Antipope Clement III
Guibert or Wibert of Ravenna (1029 – 8 September 1100) was an Italian prelate, archbishop of Ravenna, who was elected pope in 1080 in opposition to Pope Gregory VII.
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Apennine Mountains
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (Ἀπέννινα ὄρη; Appenninus or Apenninus Mons—a singular used in the plural;Apenninus has the form of an adjective, which would be segmented Apenn-inus, often used with nouns such as mons (mountain) or Greek ὄρος oros, but just as often used alone as a noun. The ancient Greeks and Romans typically but not always used "mountain" in the singular to mean one or a range; thus, "the Apennine mountain" refers to the entire chain and is translated "the Apennine mountains". The ending can vary also by gender depending on the noun modified. The Italian singular refers to one of the constituent chains rather than to a single mountain and the Italian plural refers to multiple chains rather than to multiple mountains. Appennini) are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending along the length of peninsular Italy.
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Archbasilica of St. John Lateran
The Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and the Evangelist in the Lateran, (Santissimo Salvatore e Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano) - also known as the Papal Archbasilica of St.
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Archdeacon
An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Syriac Orthodox Church, Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop.
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Augsburg
Augsburg (Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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Aventine Hill
The Aventine Hill (Collis Aventinus; Aventino) is one of the Seven Hills on which ancient Rome was built.
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Bagratid Armenia
The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia, also known as Bagratid Armenia (Բագրատունյաց Հայաստան Bagratunyats Hayastan or Բագրատունիների թագավորություն, Bagratunineri t’agavorut’yun, "kingdom of the Bagratunis"), was an independent state established by Ashot I Bagratuni in the early 880s following nearly two centuries of foreign domination of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyad and Abbasid rule.
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Battle of Flarchheim
The Battle of Flarcheim was fought between German king Henry IV and the German anti-king Rudolf of Swabia on January 27, 1080 near Flarchheim.
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Battle of Langensalza (1075)
The First Battle of Langensalza was fought on 9 June 1075 between forces of King Henry IV of Germany and several rebellious Saxon noblemen on the River Unstrut near Langensalza in Thuringia.
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Beno of Santi Martino e Silvestro
Beno or Benno, also known as Bruno, was an imperialist Roman Catholic cardinal and priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monte during the Investiture Controversy.
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Berengar of Tours
Berengar of Tours (c. 9996 January 1088) was a French 11th century Christian theologian and Archdeacon of Angers, a scholar whose leadership of the cathedral school at Chartres set an example of intellectual inquiry through the revived tools of dialectic that was soon followed at cathedral schools of Laon and Paris, and who disputed with the Church leadership over the doctrine of transubstantiation in the Eucharist.
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Bishop in the Catholic Church
In the Catholic Church, a bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the sacrament of holy orders and is responsible for teaching doctrine, governing Catholics in his jurisdiction, sanctifying the world and representing the Church.
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Blacksmith
A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects from wrought iron or steel by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. whitesmith).
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Blessed Sacrament
The Blessed Sacrament, also Most Blessed Sacrament, is a devotional name used in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, as well as in Anglicanism, Lutheranism, Methodism, and the Old Catholic Church, as well as in some of the Eastern Catholic Churches, to refer to the body and blood of Christ in the form of consecrated sacramental bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist.
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Brittany
Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.
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Brixen
Brixen (Bressanone; Ladin: Porsenù or Persenon) is a town in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about north of Bolzano.
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Burgundy
Burgundy (Bourgogne) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Canossa
Canossa (Reggiano: Canòsa) is a comune and castle town in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy.
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Canterbury
Canterbury is a historic English cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a local government district of Kent, England.
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Castel Sant'Angelo
The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant'Angelo (English: Castle of the Holy Angel), is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Celibacy
Celibacy (from Latin, cælibatus") is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons.
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Cencio I Frangipane
Cencio I Frangipane (also Cencius or Centius) was a Roman nobleman of the Frangipani family of the latter half of the eleventh century.
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Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,Martindale, Cyril Charles.
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Church of the Holy Sepulchre
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (كَنِيسَةُ ٱلْقِيَامَة Kanīsatu al-Qiyāmah; Ναὸς τῆς Ἀναστάσεως Naos tes Anastaseos; Սուրբ Հարության տաճար Surb Harut'yan tač̣ar; Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri; כנסיית הקבר, Knesiyat ha-Kever; also called the Church of the Resurrection or Church of the Anastasis by Orthodox Christians) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem.
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Civita Castellana
Civita Castellana is a town and comune in the province of Viterbo, north of Rome.
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Clerical celibacy
Clerical celibacy is the requirement in certain religions that some or all members of the clergy be unmarried.
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Cluny
Cluny is a commune in the eastern French department of Saône-et-Loire, in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
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College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals, formerly styled the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church.
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Cologne
Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).
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Concordat of Worms
The Concordat of Worms (Concordatum Wormatiense), sometimes called the Pactum Calixtinum by papal historians, was an agreement between Pope Callixtus II and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor on September 23, 1122, near the city of Worms.
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County of Apulia and Calabria
The County of Apulia and Calabria, later the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, was a Norman country founded by William of Hauteville in 1042 in the territories of Gargano, Capitanata, Apulia, Campania, and Vulture.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Deacon
A deacon is a member of the diaconate, an office in Christian churches that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions.
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Dictatus papae
Dictatus papae is a compilation of 27 statements of powers arrogated to the Pope that was included in Pope Gregory VII's register under the year 1075.
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Diet (assembly)
In politics, a diet is a formal deliberative assembly.
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Diocese
The word diocese is derived from the Greek term διοίκησις meaning "administration".
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Divine providence
In theology, divine providence, or just providence, is God's intervention in the universe.
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Dol Cathedral
Dol-de-Bretagne Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Samson de Dol) is a Roman Catholic church located in Dol-de-Bretagne.
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Dol-de-Bretagne
Dol-de-Bretagne (Gallo: Dóu), cited in most historical records under its Breton name of Dol, is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine département in Brittany in northwestern France.
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Duchy of Bohemia
The Duchy of Bohemia, also referred to as the Czech Duchy, (České knížectví) was a monarchy and a principality in Central Europe during the Early and High Middle Ages.
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Ebles II of Roucy
Ebles II (died May 1103), also called Eble or Ebale, was the second Count of Roucy (1063–1103) of the House of Montdidier.
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Encyclical
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church.
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Eucharist
The Eucharist (also called Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper, among other names) is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches and an ordinance in others.
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Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments.
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First Council of the Lateran
The Council of 1123 is reckoned in the series of Ecumenical councils by the Catholic Church.
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First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.
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Forchheim
Forchheim is a town in Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) in northern Bavaria, and also the seat of the administrative district of Forchheim.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Giudicati
The giudicati (Italian; judicati in Latin; judicadus, logus or rennus in Sardinian), in English referred to as Sardinian Judgedoms or Judicatures, were independent states that took power in Sardinia in the Middle Ages, between the ninth and fifteenth centuries.
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Grosseto
Grosseto is a city and comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto.
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Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry III (28 October 1016 – 5 October 1056), called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors.
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Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV (Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) became King of the Germans in 1056.
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Herbert Edward John Cowdrey
Herbert Edward John Cowdrey (29 November 1926 – 4 December 2009), published under H. E. J. Cowdrey, known as John Cowdrey, was a British historian of the Middle Ages and a chaplain in the Church of England.
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Hermann of Salm
Herman(n) of Salm (– 28 September 1088), also known as Herman(n) of Luxembourg, the progenitor of the House of Salm, was Count of Salm and elected German anti-king from 1081 until his death.
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His Holiness
His Holiness is a style and form of address (in the variant form Your Holiness) for some supreme religious leaders.
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History of Poland during the Piast dynasty
The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish nation.
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Hugh of Die
Hugh of Die (1040 – October 7, 1106) was a French Catholic bishop.
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Hugh of Remiremont
Hugh of Remiremont (c.1020 – c.1099), called Candidus or Blancus (both meaning "the white"), was a medieval cardinal.
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Investiture
Investiture, from the Latin (preposition in and verb vestire, "dress" from vestis "robe"), is the formal installation of an incumbent.
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Investiture Controversy
The Investiture controversy or Investiture contest was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe over the ability to appoint local church officials through investiture.
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Italo-Norman
The Italo-Normans, or Siculo-Normans when referring to Sicily and Southern Italy, are the Italian-born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to southern Italy in the first half of the eleventh century.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Jesus
Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
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Johann Georg Estor
Johann Georg Estor (6 June 1699 – 25 October 1773), was a German theorist of public law, historian and book collector.
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John Foxe
John Foxe (1516/17 – 18 April 1587) was an English historian and martyrologist, the author of Actes and Monuments (popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs), an account of Christian martyrs throughout Western history, but emphasizing the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the 14th century through the reign of Mary I. Widely owned and read by English Puritans, the book helped to mould British popular opinion about the Catholic Church for several centuries.
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Joseph McCabe
Joseph Martin McCabe (12 November 1867 – 10 January 1955) was an English writer and speaker on freethought, after having been a Roman Catholic priest earlier in his life.
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Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus' (Рѹ́сь, Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ, Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia) was a loose federationJohn Channon & Robert Hudson, Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia (Penguin, 1995), p.16.
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Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)
The Kingdom of Croatia (Regnum Croatiae; Kraljevina Hrvatska, Hrvatsko Kraljevstvo) was a medieval kingdom in Central Europe comprising most of what is today Croatia (without western Istria and some Dalmatian coastal cities), as well as most of the modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).
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L'Osservatore Romano
L'Osservatore Romano (Italian for "The Roman Observer") is the daily newspaper of Vatican City State which carries the Pope’s discourses and reports on the activities of the Holy See, reports on events taking place in the Church and the world, and many cultural articles.
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Landulf VI of Benevento
Landulf VI (died 27 November 1077) was the last prince of Benevento.
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Lanfranc
Lanfranc (1005 1010 – 24 May 1089) was a celebrated Italian jurist who renounced his career to become a Benedictine monk at Bec in Normandy. He served successively as prior of Bec Abbey and abbot of St Stephen in Normandy and then as archbishop of Canterbury in England, following its Conquest by William the Conqueror. He is also variously known as (Lanfranco di Pavia), (Lanfranc du Bec), and (Lanfrancus Cantuariensis).
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Libertas ecclesiae
Libertas ecclesiae ("freedom of the Church" in Latin) is the notion of freedom of ecclesiastical authority from secular or the temporal power, which guided the Reform movement which began in the 11th century.
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List of Byzantine emperors
This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
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List of Catholic saints
This is an incomplete list of people and angels whom the Catholic Church has canonized as saints.
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List of popes
This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
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Lombardy
Lombardy (Lombardia; Lumbardia, pronounced: (Western Lombard), (Eastern Lombard)) is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of.
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Mantua
Mantua (Mantova; Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.
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Mass (liturgy)
Mass is a term used to describe the main eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity.
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Matilda of Tuscany
Matilda of Tuscany (Italian: Matilde di Canossa, Latin: Matilda, Mathilda; 1046 – 24 July 1115) was a powerful feudal Margravine of Tuscany, ruler in northern Italy and the chief Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy; in addition, she was one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments, thanks to which she was able to dominate all the territories north of the Church States.
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Medieval Corsica
The history of Corsica in the medieval period begins with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the invasions of various Germanic peoples in the fifth century AD, and ends with the complete subjection of the island to the authority of the Bank of San Giorgio in 1511.
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Michael VII Doukas
Michael VII Doukas or Dukas/Ducas (Μιχαήλ Ζ΄ Δούκας, Mikhaēl VII Doukas), nicknamed Parapinakes (Παραπινάκης, lit. "minus a quarter", with reference to the devaluation of the Byzantine currency under his rule), was Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078.
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Monk
A monk (from μοναχός, monachos, "single, solitary" via Latin monachus) is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks.
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Monte Cassino
Monte Cassino (sometimes written Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, to the west of the town of Cassino and altitude.
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Mysterium fidei (encyclical)
Mysterium Fidei is an encyclical letter of Pope Paul VI on the Eucharist, published in September 1965.
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Necromancy
Necromancy is a practice of magic involving communication with the deceased – either by summoning their spirit as an apparition or raising them bodily – for the purpose of divination, imparting the means to foretell future events or discover hidden knowledge, to bring someone back from the dead, or to use the deceased as a weapon, as the term may sometimes be used in a more general sense to refer to black magic or witchcraft.
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Nuremberg
Nuremberg (Nürnberg) is a city on the river Pegnitz and on the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about north of Munich.
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Oppenheim
Oppenheim is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Papal election, 1061
The papal election of 1061 was held on 30 September 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli ("Saint Peter in Chains") in Rome, following the death of Pope Nicholas II.
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Papal election, 1086
The papal election of 1086 (held 24 May) ended with the election of Desiderus, abbot of Monte Cassino as Pope Gregory VII's successor after a year-long period of sede vacante.
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Papal legate
A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or Apostolic legate (from the Ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church.
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Papal States
The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa,; Status Ecclesiasticus; also Dicio Pontificia), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870.
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Papal tiara
The papal tiara is a crown that was worn by popes of the Catholic Church from as early as the 8th century to the mid-20th.
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Pataria
The pataria was an eleventh-century religious movement in the Archdiocese of Milan in northern Italy, aimed at reforming the clergy and ecclesiastic government in the province and supportive of Papal sanctions against simony and clerical marriage.
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Pentecost
The Christian feast day of Pentecost is seven weeks after Easter Sunday: that is to say, the fiftieth day after Easter inclusive of Easter Sunday.
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Philip I of France
Philip I (23 May 1052 – 29 July 1108), called the Amorous, was King of the Franks from 1060 to his death.
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Piacenza
Piacenza (Piacentino: Piaṡëinsa) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Pope Alexander II
Pope Alexander II (1010/1015 – 21 April 1073), born Anselm of Baggio (Anselmo da Baggio), was Pope from 30 September 1061 to his death in 1073.
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Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII (Benedictus XIII; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in 1730.
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Pope Gregory VI
Pope Gregory VI (Gregorius VI; died 1048), born John Gratian in Rome (Johannes Gratianus), was Pope from 1 May 1045 until his abdication at the Council of Sutri on 20 December 1046.
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Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII (Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585.
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Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX (21 June 1002 – 19 April 1054), born Bruno of Egisheim-Dagsburg, was Pope from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054.
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Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II (Nicholaus II; c. 990/995 – 27 July 1061), born Gérard de Bourgogne, was Pope from 24 January 1059 until his death.
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Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI (Paulus VI; Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978) reigned from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978.
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Pope Pius V
Pope Saint Pius V (17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in 1572.
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Pope Stephen IX
Pope Stephen IX (Stephanus IX; c. 1020 – 29 March 1058) reigned from 3 August 1057 to his death in 1058.
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Pope Victor II
Pope Victor II (c. 1018 – 28 July 1057), born Gebhard, Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and, was Pope from 13 April 1055 until his death in 1057.
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Pope Victor III
Pope Victor III (c. 1026 – 16 September 1087), born Dauferio, was Pope from 24 May 1086 to his death in 1087.
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Pope Zachary
Pope Zachary (Zacharias; 679 – 15 March 752) reigned from 3 December or 5 December 741 to his death in 752.
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Presbyterium
Presbyterium is a modern term used in the Catholic Church and Eastern Catholic Churches after the Second Vatican Council in reference to a college of priests, in active ministry, of an individual particular church such as a diocese or eparchy.
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Ravenna
Ravenna (also locally; Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy.
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Rhine
--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.
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Richard I of Capua
Richard Drengot (died 1078) was the count of Aversa (1049–1078), prince of Capua (1058–1078, as Richard I) and duke of Gaeta (1064–1078).
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Road to Canossa
The Road to Canossa, sometimes called the Walk to Canossa (Gang nach Canossa/Kanossa) or Humiliation of Canossa (L'umiliazione di Canossa), refers to Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV's trek to Canossa Castle, Italy, where Pope Gregory VII was staying as the guest of Margravine Matilda of Tuscany, at the height of the investiture controversy in January 1077 to seek absolution of his excommunication.
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Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard (– 17 July 1085) was a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni
The Archdiocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni (Archidioecesis Amalphitana-Cavensis) is a Roman Catholic archbishopric, which has its archiepiscopal see at Amalfi, not far from Naples.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence
The Archdiocese of Florence (Archidioecesis Florentina) is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon (Latin: Archidioecesis Lugdunensis; French: Archidiocèse de Lyon), formerly the Archdiocese of Lyon–Vienne–Embrun, is a Roman Catholic Metropolitan archdiocese in France.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan
The Archdiocese of Milan (Arcidiocesi di Milano; Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Pitigliano-Sovana-Orbetello
The Italian Catholic Diocese of Pitigliano-Sovana-Orbetello (Dioecesis Pitilianensis-Soanensis-Urbetelliensis) is a Latin suffragan see in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino, in Tuscany.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Rudolf of Rheinfelden
Rudolf of Rheinfelden (– 15 October 1080) was Duke of Swabia from 1057 to 1079.
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Sacerdotalism
Sacerdotalism is the belief that propitiatory sacrifices for sin require the intervention of a priest.
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Salerno
Salerno (Salernitano: Salierne) is a city and comune in Campania (southwestern Italy) and is the capital of the province of the same name.
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Salerno Cathedral
Salerno Cathedral (or duomo) is the main church in the city of Salerno in southern Italy and a major tourist attraction.
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San Pietro in Vincoli
San Pietro in Vincoli (Saint Peter in Chains) is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, best known for being the home of Michelangelo's statue of Moses, part of the tomb of Pope Julius II.
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Santa Maria del Priorato Church
The Church of St.
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Saxon Rebellion
The Saxon Rebellion or Rebellion of the Saxons (Sachsenkrieg), also commonly called the Saxon Uprising (not to be confused with the Saxon Wars, also called the Saxon Uprising), refers to the struggle between the Salian dynasty ruling the Holy Roman Empire and the rebel Saxons during the reign of Henry IV.
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Saxons
The Saxons (Saxones, Sachsen, Seaxe, Sahson, Sassen, Saksen) were a Germanic people whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, Saxonia) near the North Sea coast of what is now Germany.
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Simony
Simony is the act of selling church offices and roles.
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Sovana
Sovana is a small town in southern Tuscany, Italy, a frazione of Sorano, a comune in the province of Grosseto.
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Synod of Worms
The Synod of Worms was an ecclesiastical synod and Imperial diet (Hoftag) convened by the German king and emperor-elect Henry IV on 24 January 1076, at Worms.
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Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
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Tours
Tours is a city located in the centre-west of France.
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Trebur
Trebur is a community in Groß-Gerau district in Hessen, Germany.
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Tuscany
Tuscany (Toscana) is a region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants (2013).
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University
A university (universitas, "a whole") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in various academic disciplines.
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Whitsun
Whitsun (also Whitsunday or Whit Sunday) is the name used especially in Britain and Ireland, and throughout the world among Anglicans and Methodists, for the Christian festival of Pentecost, the seventh Sunday after Easter, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon Christ's disciples (Acts 2).
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William the Conqueror
William I (c. 1028Bates William the Conqueror p. 33 – 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.
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Worms, Germany
Worms is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated on the Upper Rhine about south-southwest of Frankfurt-am-Main.
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Redirects here:
157th pope, Cardinal Hildebrand, Gregory Hildebrand, Gregory VII Hildebrand, Hildebrand Gregory VII, Hildebrand of Sovana, Ildebrando da Soana, Ildebrando di Soana, Pope Gregory the 7th, Pope Hildebrand, Pope Saint Gregory VII, Pope St Gregory VII, Pope St. Gregory VII, Saint Gregory VII, Saint Pope Gregory VII, St Gregory VII, St. Gregory VII, St. Gregory VII Hildebrand.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII
