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130 relations: Allele, Alpha helix, Alzheimer's disease, Amide, Amine, Amino acid, Amyloid beta, Antiparallel (biochemistry), Apolipoprotein E, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Ataxia, Base pair, Beta sheet, Binding domain, Biomolecular structure, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, C-terminus, Carboxylic acid, Caucasian race, Cell cycle, Cell membrane, Cerebellum, Chemical synapse, Chromosome 20, Chronic wasting disease, Circadian rhythm, Circular dichroism, Cluster of differentiation, Cognitive disorder, Copper, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Cysteine, Dementia, Dendritic spine, Differential diagnosis, Disulfide, Down syndrome, Epilepsy, Excitotoxicity, Exotic ungulate encephalopathy, Extracellular matrix, Fatal insomnia, Feline spongiform encephalopathy, Frontotemporal dementia, FYN, Gene, Genetic code, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, Glutamic acid, ..., Glycosylation, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, Golden hamster, Hippocampus, Histidine, Homeostasis, Hop (protein), Hsp70, Hsp90, Imidazole, Ion, Kinase, Kuru (disease), Laminin, Leucine, Ligand, Lipid bilayer, Long-term memory, Long-term potentiation, Lymphocyte, Lysine, Manganese, Messenger RNA, Methionine, Mitochondrion, Monocyte, Murinae, N-terminus, Natural killer cell, Nervous system, Neurite, Neurodegeneration, Neuron, Neurotoxicity, Nickel, NMDA receptor, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Oligomer, Oxidative stress, Peptide, PH, Phenotype, Platelet, Point mutation, Polymorphism (biology), Post-translational modification, Postsynaptic density, Prion pseudoknot, PRND, PRNP, Proline, Protease, Protein isoform, Protein primary structure, Protein structure, Protein–protein interaction, Proteolysis, PSEN1, Pseudoknot, Purkinje cell, Scrapie, Serine, Short-term memory, Side chain, Signal peptide, Signal transduction, Spatial memory, Synapse, Synaptic plasticity, T cell, Tau protein, Toxic heavy metal, Transgene, Transmissible mink encephalopathy, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Valine, Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Ventricular system, Zinc, Zygosity. Expand index (80 more) »
Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Alpha helix
The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.
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Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
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Amide
An amide (or or), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RnE(O)xNR′2 (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups).
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Amine
In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Amyloid beta
Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease as the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.
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Antiparallel (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, two biopolymers are antiparallel if they run parallel to each other but with opposite alignments.
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Apolipoprotein E
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a class of proteins involved in the metabolism of fats in the body.
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Asparagine
Asparagine (symbol Asn or N), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; salts known as aspartates), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Ataxia
Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that includes gait abnormality.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
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Beta sheet
The β-sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins.
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Binding domain
A binding domain is a protein domain which binds to a specific atom or molecule, such as calcium or DNA.
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Biomolecular structure
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and fatal neurodegenerative disease in cattle that may be passed to humans who have eaten infected flesh.
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C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
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Carboxylic acid
A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.
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Caucasian race
The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid or Europid) is a grouping of human beings historically regarded as a biological taxon, which, depending on which of the historical race classifications used, have usually included some or all of the ancient and modern populations of Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.
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Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Cerebellum
The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.
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Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.
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Chromosome 20
Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chronic wasting disease
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk (or "wapiti"), moose, and reindeer.
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Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
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Circular dichroism
Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light.
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Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells.
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Cognitive disorder
Cognitive disorders (CDs), also known as neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem solving.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a universally fatal brain disorder.
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Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.
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Dementia
Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning.
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Dendritic spine
A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse.
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Differential diagnosis
In medicine, a differential diagnosis is the distinguishing of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features.
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Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.
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Down syndrome
Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
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Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.
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Excitotoxicity
Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged or killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances.
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Exotic ungulate encephalopathy
Exotic ungulate encephalopathy is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), or prion disease, identified in infected organs of zoo animals.
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Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
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Fatal insomnia
Fatal insomnia is an extremely rare sleep disorder which is typically inherited and results in death within a few months to a few years after onset.
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Feline spongiform encephalopathy
Feline spongiform encephalopathy is a disease that affects the brains of felines.
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Frontotemporal dementia
The frontotemporal dementias (FTD) encompass six types of dementia involving the frontal or temporal lobes.
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FYN
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (p59-FYN, Slk, Syn, MGC45350, Gene ID 2534) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FYN gene.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.
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Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is a very rare, usually familial, fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects patients from 20 to 60 years in age.
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Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.
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Glycosylation
Glycosylation (see also chemical glycosylation) is the reaction in which a carbohydrate, i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor).
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, or glycophosphatidylinositol, or GPI in short, is a glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification.
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Golden hamster
The golden hamster or Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is a rodent in the subfamily Cricetinae, the hamsters.
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Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
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Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
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Hop (protein)
Hop, occasionally written HOP, is an abbreviation for Hsp70-Hsp90 Organizing Protein.
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Hsp70
The 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70s or DnaK) are a family of conserved ubiquitously expressed heat shock proteins.
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Hsp90
Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in protein degradation.
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Imidazole
Imidazole is an organic compound with the formula C3N2H4.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates.
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Kuru (disease)
Kuru is a very rare, incurable neurodegenerative disorder that was formerly common among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea.
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Laminin
Laminins are high-molecular weight (~400 to ~900 kDa) proteins of the extracellular matrix.
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Leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
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Lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.
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Long-term memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model where informative knowledge is held indefinitely.
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Long-term potentiation
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity.
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Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.
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Lysine
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell.
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Murinae
The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species.
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N-terminus
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.
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Natural killer cell
Natural killer cells or NK cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system.
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Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
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Neurite
A neurite or neuronal process refers to any projection from the cell body of a neuron.
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Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
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Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
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NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation.
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Oligomer
An oligomer (oligo-, "a few" + -mer, "parts") is a molecular complex of chemicals that consists of a few monomer units, in contrast to a polymer, where the number of monomers is, in principle, infinite.
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Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Platelet
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
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Point mutation
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.
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Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
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Post-translational modification
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.
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Postsynaptic density
The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a protein dense specialization attached to the postsynaptic membrane.
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Prion pseudoknot
The prion pseudoknot is predicted RNA pseudoknot structure found in prion protein mRNA.
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PRND
Prion protein 2 (dublet), also known as PRND, or Doppel protein, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PRND gene.
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PRNP
PRNP (PRioN Protein) is the human gene encoding for the major prion protein PrP (for prion protein), also known as CD230 (cluster of differentiation 230).
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Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
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Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant" is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Protein structure
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule.
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Protein–protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by electrostatic forces including the hydrophobic effect.
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Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.
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PSEN1
Presenilin-1 (PS-1) is a presenilin protein that in humans is encoded by the PSEN1 gene.
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Pseudoknot
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem.
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Purkinje cell
Purkinje cells, or Purkinje neurons, are a class of GABAergic neurons located in the cerebellum.
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Scrapie
Scrapie is a fatal, degenerative disease that affects the nervous systems of sheep and goats.
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Serine
Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Short-term memory
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.
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Side chain
In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called "main chain" or backbone.
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Signal peptide
A signal peptide (sometimes referred to as signal sequence, targeting signal, localization signal, localization sequence, transit peptide, leader sequence or leader peptide) is a short peptide (usually 16-30 amino acids long) present at the N-terminus of the majority of newly synthesized proteins that are destined towards the secretory pathway.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Spatial memory
In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is that part of the memory responsible for the recording of information about one's environment and spatial orientation.
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Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target efferent cell.
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Synaptic plasticity
In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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Tau protein
Tau proteins (or τ proteins, after the Greek letter with that name) are proteins that stabilize microtubules.
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Toxic heavy metal
A toxic heavy metal is any relatively dense metal or metalloid that is noted for its potential toxicity, especially in environmental contexts.
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Transgene
A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another.
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Transmissible mink encephalopathy
Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a rare sporadic disease that affects the central nervous system of ranch-raised adult mink.
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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, are a group of progressive, invariably fatal, conditions that affect the brain (encephalopathies) and nervous system of many animals, including humans.
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Valine
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) is a type of brain disease within the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy family.
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Ventricular system
The ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities (ventricles) in the brain, where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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Zygosity
Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.
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CD230, PRNP (gene), PrP, PrP structure, Prion protein, Prion proteins, Prion related protein.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRNP
