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75 relations: Adweek, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Antigen, Avicenna, Barley, Basal body temperature, Bernhard Zondek, Blastocyst, Blood, Bufo, Cancer, Carl Axel Gemzell, Cervix, Chlorpromazine, Choriocarcinoma, Clomifene, Ectopic pregnancy, Egg, Fallopian tube, False positives and false negatives, Fertility awareness, Frog, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, Germ cell tumor, Gestational age, Gestational sac, Gestational trophoblastic disease, Gravindex, GroES, Heterophile, Hippocrates, Honey, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Human fertilization, Immunoassay, Implantation (human embryo), Infertility, Insemination, Judith Vaitukaitis, Lancelot Hogben, Lateral flow test, Liver, Margaret Crane, Menstrual cycle, Menstruation, Methadone, Middle Ages, Miscarriage, Monoclonal antibody, ..., Mouse, National Institutes of Health, Obstetric ultrasonography, Organon International, Ovulation, Phenothiazine, Pituitary gland, Placenta, Pregnancy, Primodos, Rabbit test, Radioimmunoassay, Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, Selmar Aschheim, Serum (blood), Sperm, Syncytiotrophoblast, Trophoblastic neoplasm, Type I and type II errors, Urine, Urine test strip, Uroscopy, Wheat, Yolk sac, Zygote. Expand index (25 more) »
Adweek
Adweek is a weekly American advertising trade publication that was first published in 1978.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).
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Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Avicenna
Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.
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Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
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Basal body temperature
Basal body temperature (BBT or BTP) is the lowest body temperature attained during rest (usually during sleep).
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Bernhard Zondek
Bernhard Zondek (ברנרד צונדק; July 29, 1891 - November 8, 1966) was a German-born Israeli gynecologist who developed the first reliable pregnancy test in 1928.
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Blastocyst
The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.
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Blood
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
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Bufo
Bufo is a large genus of about 150 species of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Carl Axel Gemzell
Carl Axel Gemzell (January 4, 1910 in Motala, Sweden – February 11, 2007 in Norrtälje, Sweden) was a Swedish physician and pioneer in reproductive endocrinology.
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Cervix
The cervix or cervix uteri (neck of the uterus) is the lower part of the uterus in the human female reproductive system.
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Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed under the trade names Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
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Choriocarcinoma
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant, trophoblastic cancer, usually of the placenta.
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Clomifene
Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate.
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Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
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Egg
An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.
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Fallopian tube
The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or salpinges (singular salpinx), are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.
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False positives and false negatives
In medical testing, and more generally in binary classification, a false positive is an error in data reporting in which a test result improperly indicates presence of a condition, such as a disease (the result is positive), when in reality it is not present, while a false negative is an error in which a test result improperly indicates no presence of a condition (the result is negative), when in reality it is present.
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Fertility awareness
Fertility awareness (FA) refers to a set of practices used to determine the fertile and infertile phases of a woman's menstrual cycle.
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Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek ἀν-, without + οὐρά, tail).
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Georgeanna Seegar Jones
Georgeanna Seegar Jones (July 6, 1912 – March 26, 2005) was an American physician who with her husband, Howard W. Jones, pioneered in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the United States.
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Germ cell tumor
A germ cell tumor (GCT) is a neoplasm derived from germ cells.
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Gestational age
Gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy which is taken from the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method if available.
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Gestational sac
The gestational sac is the large cavity of fluid surrounding the embryo.
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Gestational trophoblastic disease
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours.
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Gravindex
Gravindex is an agglutination inhibition test performed on a urine sample to detect pregnancy.
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GroES
Heat shock 10 kDa protein 1 (Hsp10) also known as chaperonin 10 (cpn10) or early-pregnancy factor (EPF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPE1 gene.
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Heterophile
Heterophile antibodies are antibodies induced by external antigens (heterophile antigens).
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Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
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Honey
Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.
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Human fertilization
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
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Immunoassay
An immunoassay is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule in a solution through the use of an antibody (usually) or an antigen (sometimes).
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Implantation (human embryo)
In humans, implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the already fertilized egg adheres to the wall of the uterus.
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Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
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Insemination
Insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female animal or plant for the purpose of impregnating or fertilizing the female for sexual reproduction.
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Judith Vaitukaitis
Judith L. Vaitukaitis (born 1940) is a reproductive neuroendocrinologist and clinical researcher who played a key role developing a biochemical assay in the early 1970s that ultimately led to the creation of the home pregnancy test.
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Lancelot Hogben
Lancelot Thomas Hogben FRS FRSE (9 December 1895 – 22 August 1975) was a British experimental zoologist and medical statistician.
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Lateral flow test
Lateral flow tests also known as lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, are simple paper-based devices intended to detect the presence (or absence) of a target analyte in liquid sample (matrix) without the need for specialized and costly equipment, though many lab based applications exist that are supported by reading equipment.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Margaret Crane
Margaret M. Crane (Meg Crane) is a United States inventor and graphic designer who lives in New York.
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Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible.
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Menstruation
Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.
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Methadone
Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among others, is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with tapering in people with opioid dependence.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.
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Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.
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Mouse
A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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Obstetric ultrasonography
Obstetric ultrasonography is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in its mother's uterus (womb).
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Organon International
Organon was a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Oss, Netherlands.
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Ovulation
Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries.
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Phenothiazine
Phenothiazine, abbreviated PTZ, is an organic compound that has the formula S(C6H4)2NH and is related to the thiazine-class of heterocyclic compounds.
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Pituitary gland
An explanation of the development of the pituitary gland (Hypophysis cerebri) & the congenital anomalies. In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.
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Placenta
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Primodos
Primodos was a hormone-based pregnancy test used in the 1960s and 1970s that consisted of two pills that contained norethisterone (as acetate) and ethinylestradiol.
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Rabbit test
The rabbit test, or "Friedman test", was an early pregnancy test developed in 1931 by Maurice Harold Friedman and Maxwell Edward Lapham at the University of Pennsylvania as an improvement on the 1927 test developed by Bernhard Zondek and Selmar Aschheim.
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Radioimmunoassay
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules in a stepwise formation of immune complexes.
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Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency
Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (SIgAD) is a genetic immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia.
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Selmar Aschheim
Selmar Aschheim (4 October 1878 – 15 February 1965) was a German gynecologist who was a native resident of Berlin.
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Serum (blood)
In blood, the serum is the component that is neither a blood cell (serum does not contain white or red blood cells) nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma not including the fibrinogens.
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Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").
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Syncytiotrophoblast
Syncytiotrophoblast (from the Greek 'syn'- "together"; 'cytio'- "of cells"; 'tropho'- "nutrition"; 'blast'- "bud") is the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi, which invades the wall of the uterus to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother.
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Trophoblastic neoplasm
Trophoblastic neoplasms are neoplasms which derive from trophoblastic tissue.
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Type I and type II errors
In statistical hypothesis testing, a type I error is the rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding), while a type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding).
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Urine test strip
A urine test strip or dipstick test is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient’s urine in standard urinalysis.
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Uroscopy
Uroscopy is the historic medical practice of visually examining a patient's urine for pus, blood, or other symptoms of disease.
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Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.
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Yolk sac
The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to an embryo, formed by cells of the hypoblast adjacent to the embryonic disk.
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Zygote
A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_test
