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Prime meridian

Index Prime meridian

A prime meridian is an arbitrarily-chosen meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 239 relations: Abraham Ortelius, Africa, Airy-0, Alexandria, Algeria, Almagest, American Journal of Philology, Amerigo Vespucci, Amsterdam, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica, Antwerp, Apparent retrograde motion, Apsis, Arctic Ocean, Ariadne (crater), Astronomer Royal, Atlantic Ocean, Avanti (region), Azores, Bering Strait, Berlin, Bologna, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University, Bouvet Island, Bratislava, Bruce (crater), Brussels, Buda, Bunkpurugu, Callisto (moon), Calpe, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Cardinal Richelieu, Castellón de la Plana, Cádiz, Ceres (dwarf planet), Charon (moon), Christopher Columbus, Christopher Saxton, Cilindro de Marboré, Cilix (crater), Cinkassé, Claudia (crater), Connaissance des Temps, Copenhagen, Danish Realm, Degree (angle), ... Expand index (189 more) »

  2. Cardinal Richelieu
  3. Prime meridians

Abraham Ortelius

Abraham Ortelius (also Ortels, Orthellius, Wortels; 4 or 14 April 152728 June 1598) was a cartographer, geographer, and cosmographer from Antwerp in the Spanish Netherlands.

See Prime meridian and Abraham Ortelius

Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.

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Airy-0

Airy-0 is a crater inside the larger Airy Crater on Mars, whose location historically defined the Martian prime meridian. Prime meridian and Airy-0 are prime meridians.

See Prime meridian and Airy-0

Alexandria

Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.

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Algeria

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

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Almagest

The Almagest is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy in Koine Greek.

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American Journal of Philology

The American Journal of Philology is a quarterly academic journal established in 1880 by the classical scholar Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve and published by the Johns Hopkins University Press.

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Amerigo Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci (9 March 1451 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam (literally, "The Dam on the River Amstel") is the capital and most populated city of the Netherlands.

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Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station is a United States scientific research station at the South Pole of the Earth.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.

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Antwerp

Antwerp (Antwerpen; Anvers) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

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Apparent retrograde motion

Apparent retrograde motion is the apparent motion of a planet in a direction opposite to that of other bodies within its system, as observed from a particular vantage point.

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Apsis

An apsis is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.

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Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions.

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Ariadne (crater)

Ariadne is a crater on Venus. Prime meridian and Ariadne (crater) are prime meridians.

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Astronomer Royal

Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.

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Avanti (region)

Avanti, was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Janapada), roughly corresponding to the present-day Malwa region.

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Azores

The Azores (Açores), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira).

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Bering Strait

The Bering Strait (Beringov proliv) is a strait between the Pacific and Arctic oceans, separating the Chukchi Peninsula of the Russian Far East from the Seward Peninsula of Alaska.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region, in northern Italy.

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Bordj Badji Mokhtar

Bordj Badji Mokhtar (برج باجي مختار) is a town and commune in Bordj Badji Mokhtar District, Bordj Badji Mokhtar Province, in south-western Algeria.

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Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University

The Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University is a botanical garden, founded in 1783 in Kraków.

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Bouvet Island

Bouvet Island is an uninhabited island and dependency of Norway.

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Bratislava

Bratislava (German: Pressburg or Preßburg,; Hungarian: Pozsony; Slovak: Prešporok), is the capital and largest city of Slovakia and the fourth largest of all cities on Danube river.

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Bruce (crater)

Bruce is a small lunar impact crater located in the small lunar mare Sinus Medii.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium.

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Buda

Buda was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and, since 1873, has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube.

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Bunkpurugu

Bunkpurugu is a small town and is the capital of Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri district, a district in the North East Region of Ghana adjacent to the border with Togo.

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Callisto (moon)

Callisto, or Jupiter IV, is the second-largest moon of Jupiter, after Ganymede.

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Calpe

Calpe or Calp is a coastal municipality located in the ''comarca'' of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Canarias), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Cape Verde

Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelago and island country of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about.

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Cardinal Richelieu

Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu (9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French statesman and prelate of the Catholic Church.

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Castellón de la Plana

Castellón de la Plana (officially in Castelló de la Plana), or simply Castellón (Castelló) is the capital city of the province of Castellón, in the Valencian Community, Spain.

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Cádiz

Cádiz is a city in Spain and the capital of the Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.

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Ceres (dwarf planet)

Ceres (minor-planet designation: 1 Ceres) is a dwarf planet in the middle main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

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Charon (moon)

Charon, or (134340) Pluto I, is the largest of the five known natural satellites of the dwarf planet Pluto.

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Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

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Christopher Saxton

Christopher Saxton (c. 1540 – c. 1610) was an English cartographer who produced the first county maps of England and Wales.

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Cilindro de Marboré

Cilindro de Marboré (3,328 m) (also known as Pico Cilindro and Pic du Cylindre) is a mountain in the Monte Perdido massif in the Pyrenees.

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Cilix (crater)

Cilix is a small crater on Europa that serves as the reference point for the moon's system of longitude.

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Cinkassé

Cinkassé is a town in Togo on the borders with Burkina Faso and Ghana.

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Claudia (crater)

Claudia is a small crater that formerly defined the prime meridian of the asteroid 4 Vesta.

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Connaissance des Temps

The Connaissance des temps (English: Knowledge of the Times) is an official yearly publication of astronomical ephemerides in France.

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Copenhagen

Copenhagen (København) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the urban area.

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Danish Realm

The Danish Realm, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, or simply Denmark, is a sovereign state and refers to the area over which the monarch of Denmark is head of state.

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Degree (angle)

A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle in which one full rotation is 360 degrees.

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Den Store Danske Encyklopædi

Den Store Danske Encyklopædi (The Great Danish Encyclopedia) is the most comprehensive contemporary Danish language encyclopedia.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.

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Denotation (semiotics)

In semiotics, denotation is the surface or the literal meaning, the definition most likely to appear in a dictionary.

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Diogo Ribeiro

Diogo Ribeiro (d. 16 August 1533) was a Portuguese cartographer and explorer who worked most of his life in Spain, where he was known as Diego Ribero.

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Easter Island

Easter Island (Isla de Pascua; Rapa Nui) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.

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Eastern Hemisphere

The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pole).

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Edmond Halley

Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (–) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist.

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El Hierro

El Hierro, nicknamed Isla del Meridiano (the "Meridian Island"), is the second-smallest and farthest south and west of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a population of 11,659 (2023). Prime meridian and El Hierro are meridians (geography).

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El Verger

El Verger (Vergel) is a town of 4,992 inhabitants situated 3 kilometres from the Mediterranean Sea and 8 kilometres from Dénia, in the Comarca of Marina Alta, Valencian Community, Spain.

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English Channel

The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France.

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Equator

The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Prime meridian and equator are geodesy.

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Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes of Cyrene (Ἐρατοσθένης; –) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.

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Europa (moon)

Europa, or Jupiter II, is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 95 known moons of Jupiter.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Exclusive economic zone

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.

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Ferro meridian

The line of longitude running through El Hierro (Ferro), the westernmost of the Canary Islands, was known in European history as the prime meridian in common use outside of the future British Empire. Prime meridian and Ferro meridian are prime meridians.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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Florence meridian

The Meridian 11°15' East was proposed as prime meridian by Arno Peters in the Peters World Map. Prime meridian and Florence meridian are meridians (geography) and prime meridians.

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Fortunate Isles

The Fortunate Isles or Isles of the Blessed (μακάρων νῆσοι, makarōn nēsoi) were semi-legendary islands in the Atlantic Ocean, variously treated as a simple geographical location and as a winterless earthly paradise inhabited by the heroes of Greek mythology.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Fuerteventura

Fuerteventura is one of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, geographically part of Macaronesia, and politically part of Spain.

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Galilean moons

The Galilean moons, or Galilean satellites, are the four largest moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

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Gall–Peters projection

The Gall–Peters projection is a rectangular, equal-area map projection.

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Ganymede (moon)

Ganymede, or Jupiter III, is the largest and most massive natural satellite of Jupiter and in the Solar System.

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Gao

Gao, or Gawgaw/Kawkaw, is a city in Mali and the capital of the Gao Region.

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Gavarnie

Gavarnie (Gavarnia) is a former commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, Southwestern France.

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Geodetic datum

A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for precisely representing the position of locations on Earth or other planetary bodies by means of geodetic coordinates.

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Geographer

A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts.

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Geographic coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. Prime meridian and geographic coordinate system are geodesy.

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Geography (Ptolemy)

The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.

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Georg von Peuerbach

Georg von Peuerbach (also Purbach, Peurbach; Purbachius; 30 May 1423 – 8 April 1461) was an Austrian astronomer, poet, mathematician and instrument maker, best known for his streamlined presentation of Ptolemaic astronomy in the Theoricae Novae Planetarum. Peuerbach was instrumental in making astronomy, mathematics and literature simple and accessible for Europeans during the Renaissance and beyond.

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George Biddell Airy

Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, as well as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1826 to 1828 and the seventh Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881.

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Gerardus Mercator

Gerardus Mercator (5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a Flemish geographer, cosmographer and cartographer.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.

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Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. Prime meridian and Global Positioning System are geodesy.

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Great Britain

Great Britain (commonly shortened to Britain) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales.

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Great circle

In mathematics, a great circle or orthodrome is the circular intersection of a sphere and a plane passing through the sphere's center point.

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Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..

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Greenland

Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is a North American island autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Greenland Sea

The Greenland Sea is a body of water that borders Greenland to the west, the Svalbard archipelago to the east, Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Norwegian Sea and Iceland to the south.

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Greenwich

Greenwich is a town in south-east London, England, within the ceremonial county of Greater London.

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Guillaume Delisle

Guillaume Delisle, also spelled Guillaume de l'Isle, or Guillelmo Delille (28 February 1675, Paris – 25 January 1726, Paris) was a French cartographer known for his popular and accurate maps of Europe and the newly explored Americas.

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Gulf of Valencia

The Gulf of Valencia (va, Golfo de Valencia), is a gulf or inlet of the western Mediterranean Sea, on the eastern coast of Spain.

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Hemispheres of Earth

In geography and cartography, hemispheres of Earth are any division of the globe into two equal halves (hemispheres), typically divided into northern and southern halves by the Equator or into western and eastern halves by the Prime meridian.

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Hipparchus

Hipparchus (Ἵππαρχος, Hipparkhos; BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician.

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History of Oradea

The history of Oradea is the story of the Romanian city from Neolithic times, through the Middle Ages when it flourished as an important center in Crișana, until its modern existence as the seat of Bihor County.

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Hun Kal (crater)

Hun Kal is a small (about 1.5 km in diameter) crater on Mercury that serves as the reference point for the planet's system of longitude. Prime meridian and Hun Kal (crater) are prime meridians.

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IERS Reference Meridian

The IERS Reference Meridian (IRM), also called the International Reference Meridian, is the prime meridian (0° longitude) maintained by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). Prime meridian and IERS Reference Meridian are prime meridians.

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Indian astronomy

Indian astronomy refers to astronomy practiced in the Indian subcontinent.

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International Civil Aviation Organization

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth.

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International Date Line

The International Date Line (IDL) is the line between the South and North Poles that is the boundary between one calendar day and the next.

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International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service

The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), formerly the International Earth Rotation Service, is the body responsible for maintaining global time and reference frame standards, notably through its Earth Orientation Parameter (EOP) and International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) groups.

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International Hydrographic Organization

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) (French: Organisation hydrographique internationale) is an intergovernmental organisation representing hydrography.

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International Meridian Conference

The International Meridian Conference was a conference held in October 1884 in Washington, D.C., in the United States, to determine a prime meridian for international use. Prime meridian and international Meridian Conference are meridians (geography).

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International standard

An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations.

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International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame

The International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) describes procedures for creating reference frames suitable for use with measurements on or near the Earth's surface.

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International Time Bureau

The International Time Bureau (Bureau International de l'Heure, abbreviated BIH), seated at the Paris Observatory, was the international bureau responsible for combining different measurements of Universal Time.

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International waters

The terms international waters or transboundary waters apply where any of the following types of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater systems (aquifers), and wetlands.

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Io (moon)

Io, or Jupiter I, is the innermost and second-smallest of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter.

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Jacob Roggeveen

Jacob Roggeveen (1 February 1659 – 31 January 1729) was a Dutch explorer who was sent to find Terra Australis and Davis Land, but instead found Easter Island (called so because he landed there on Easter Sunday).

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James Bradley

James Bradley (September 1692 – 13 July 1762) was an English astronomer and priest who served as the third Astronomer Royal from 1742.

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Jan Mayen

Jan Mayen is a Norwegian volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean with no permanent population.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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John Flamsteed

John Flamsteed (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal.

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John Hadley

John Hadley (16 April 1682 – 14 February 1744) was an English mathematician, and laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same.

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John Harrison

John Harrison (– 24 March 1776) was an English carpenter and clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.

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Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.

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Kew

Kew is a district in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.

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King's Observatory

The King's Observatory (called for many years the Kew Observatory) is a Grade I listed building in Richmond, London.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Kurukshetra

Kurukshetra is a city and administrative headquarters of Kurukshetra district in the Indian state of Haryana.

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Kyoto

Kyoto (Japanese: 京都, Kyōto), officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu.

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Lake Volta

Lake Volta, the largest artificial reservoir in the world based on surface area, is contained behind the Akosombo Dam which generates a substantial amount of Ghana's electricity.

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Lancashire

Lancashire (abbreviated Lancs) is a ceremonial county in North West England.

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League (unit)

A league is a unit of length.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits and 2,961,177 within the metropolis.

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Longitude

Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. Prime meridian and Longitude are geodesy and meridians (geography).

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Lunar distance (navigation)

In celestial navigation, lunar distance, also called a lunar, is the angular distance between the Moon and another celestial body. Prime meridian and lunar distance (navigation) are geodesy.

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Lunar eclipse

A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened.

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Lunar Laser Ranging experiments

Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) is the practice of measuring the distance between the surfaces of the Earth and the Moon using laser ranging.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

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Magnetic declination

Magnetic declination (also called magnetic variation) is the angle between magnetic north and true north at a particular location on the Earth's surface.

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Magnetic field

A magnetic field (sometimes called B-field) is a physical field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.

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Maimonides

Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.

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Marcin Bylica

Marcin Bylica (c. 1433 in Olkusz – 1493 in Buda), also known as Martin Bylica and Marcin z Olkusza, was a Polish astrologer, astronomer, and physician at the court of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary.

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Marine chronometer

A marine chronometer is a precision timepiece that is carried on a ship and employed in the determination of the ship's position by celestial navigation.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.

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Mecca

Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.

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Mecca Time

Mecca Time was a proposed time standard that uses the line of longitude that goes through Mecca, Saudi Arabia (39°49′34″ E of the Greenwich Meridian) as its Prime Meridian. Prime meridian and Mecca Time are prime meridians.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Mercury (planet)

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System.

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Meridian (geography)

In geography and geodesy, a meridian is the locus connecting points of equal longitude, which is the angle (in degrees or other units) east or west of a given prime meridian (currently, the IERS Reference Meridian). Prime meridian and meridian (geography) are meridians (geography).

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Meridian circle

The meridian circle is an instrument for timing of the passage of stars across the local meridian, an event known as a culmination, while at the same time measuring their angular distance from the nadir.

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Meridian of Antwerp

The meridian of Antwerp is one of several prime meridians that have been used for geographic referencing. Prime meridian and meridian of Antwerp are prime meridians.

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Merton E. Davies

Merton E. Davies (September 13, 1917 – April 17, 2001) was a pioneer of America's space program, first in earth reconnaissance and later in planetary exploration and mapping.

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Mile

The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English feet, or 1,760 yards.

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Monte Mario

Monte Mario (English: Mount Mario or Mount Marius) is the hill that rises in the north-west area of Rome (Italy), on the right bank of the Tiber, crossed by the Via Trionfale.

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Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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Naples

Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.

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Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun.

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Nevil Maskelyne

Nevil Maskelyne (6 October 1732 – 9 February 1811) was the fifth British Astronomer Royal.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole, Terrestrial North Pole or 90th Parallel North, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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North Sea

The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.

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Norway

Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

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Norwegian Sea

The Norwegian Sea (Norskehavet; Noregshaf; Norskahavið) is a marginal sea, grouped with either the Atlantic Ocean or the Arctic Ocean, northwest of Norway between the North Sea and the Greenland Sea, adjoining the Barents Sea to the northeast.

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Null Island

Null Island is the location at zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude, i.e., where the prime meridian and the equator intersect.

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Octant (instrument)

The octant, also called a reflecting quadrant, is a reflecting instrument used in navigation.

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Olympia, Greece

Olympia (Ολυμπία; Ὀλυμπία), officially Archaia Olympia (Αρχαία Ολυμπία), is a small town in Elis on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, famous for the nearby archaeological site of the same name.

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Oslo

Oslo (or; Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway.

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Padrón Real

The Padrón Real (Royal Register), known after 2 August 1527 as the Padrón General (General Register), was the official and secret Spanish master map used as a template for the maps present on all Spanish ships during the 16th century.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

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Paris meridian

The Paris meridian is a meridian line running through the Paris Observatory in Paris, France – now longitude 2°20′14.02500″ East. Prime meridian and Paris meridian are geodesy and prime meridians.

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Peacehaven

Peacehaven is a town and civil parish in the Lewes district of East Sussex, England.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the nation, with a population of 1,603,797 in the 2020 census.

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Pierre Janssen

Pierre Jules César Janssen (22 February 1824 – 23 December 1907), usually known as Jules Janssen, was a French astronomer who, along with English scientist Joseph Norman Lockyer, is credited with discovering the gaseous nature of the solar chromosphere, but there is no justification for the conclusion that he deserves credit for the co-discovery of the element helium.

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Pisa

Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.

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Plumb bob

A plumb bob, plumb bob level, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line.

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Pluto

Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

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Prime meridian

A prime meridian is an arbitrarily-chosen meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Prime meridian and prime meridian are Cardinal Richelieu, geodesy, meridians (geography) and prime meridians.

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Prime meridian (Greenwich)

The Greenwich meridian is a prime meridian, a geographical reference line that passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in London, England. Prime meridian and prime meridian (Greenwich) are prime meridians.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.

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Pulkovo meridian

The Pulkovo meridian, which passes through the center of the main building of the Pulkovo Observatory and is at 30°19,6‘ east of Greenwich, was the point of departure for all former geographical maps of Russia.

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Queen Maud Land

Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land) is a roughly region of Antarctica claimed by Norway as a dependent territory.

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Regiomontanus

Johannes Müller von Königsberg (6 June 1436 – 6 July 1476), better known as Regiomontanus, was a mathematician, astrologer and astronomer of the German Renaissance, active in Vienna, Buda and Nuremberg.

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Reports on Progress in Physics

is a highly selective, peer reviewed journal published by IOP Publishing.

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Retrograde and prograde motion

Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is, the central object (right figure).

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Rhodes

Rhodes (translit) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece and is their historical capital; it is the ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Richard Christopher Carrington

Richard Christopher Carrington (26 May 1826 – 27 November 1875) was an English amateur astronomer whose 1859 astronomical observations demonstrated the existence of solar flares as well as suggesting their electrical influence upon the Earth and its aurorae; and whose 1863 records of sunspot observations revealed the differential rotation of the Sun.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

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Rohtak

Rohtak is a city and the administrative headquarters of the Rohtak district in the Indian state of Haryana.

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Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

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Royal Observatory, Greenwich

The Royal Observatory, Greenwich (ROG; known as the Old Royal Observatory from 1957 to 1998, when the working Royal Greenwich Observatory, RGO, temporarily moved south from Greenwich to Herstmonceux) is an observatory situated on a hill in Greenwich Park in south east London, overlooking the River Thames to the north.

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Rundetaarn

The Round Tower (Danish: Rundetårn) is a 17th-century tower in Copenhagen, Denmark, one of the many architectural projects of Christian IV of Denmark.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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Sandford Fleming

Sir Sandford Fleming (January 7, 1827 – July 22, 1915) was a Scottish Canadian engineer and inventor.

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Satellite laser ranging

In satellite laser ranging (SLR) a global network of observation stations measures the round trip time of flight of ultrashort pulses of light to satellites equipped with retroreflectors.

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Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.

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Sámuel Mikoviny

Sámuel Mikoviny (Mikoviny Sámuel, Samuel Mikovíni ? – 23 March 1750) was a mathematician, engineer, cartographer, and professor.

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São Miguel Island

São Miguel Island (Portuguese for "Saint Michael"), nicknamed "The Green Island" (Ilha Verde), is the largest and most populous island in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

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Sea level

Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. Prime meridian and sea level are geodesy.

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South Pole

The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on Earth and lies antipodally on the opposite side of Earth from the North Pole, at a distance of 20,004 km (12,430 miles) in all directions.

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Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.

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Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

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Spherical Earth

Spherical Earth or Earth's curvature refers to the approximation of the figure of the Earth as a sphere. Prime meridian and Spherical Earth are geodesy.

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Stadion (unit)

The stadion (plural stadia, στάδιον; latinized as stadium), also anglicized as stade, was an ancient Greek unit of length, consisting of 600 Ancient Greek feet (podes).

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Stidia

Stidia is a small town and commune in Hassi Mamèche District, Mostaganem Province, Algeria.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in the Nordic countries.

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Stockholm Observatory

The Stockholm Observatory (Stockholms observatorium, 050) is an astronomical observatory and institution in Stockholm, Sweden, founded in the 18th century and today part of Stockholm University.

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Stonyhurst Observatory

The Stonyhurst Observatory is a functioning observatory and weather station at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, England.

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Strabo

StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.

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Submarine communications cable

A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the seabed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea.

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Sunspot

Sunspots are temporary spots on the Sun's surface that are darker than the surrounding area.

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Surya Siddhanta

The Surya Siddhanta is a Sanskrit treatise in Indian astronomy dated to 4th to 5th century,Menso Folkerts, Craig G. Fraser, Jeremy John Gray, John L. Berggren, Wilbur R. Knorr (2017),, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Quote: "(...) its Hindu inventors as discoverers of things more ingenious than those of the Greeks.

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Svalbard

Svalbard, previously known as Spitsbergen or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.

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Tema

Tema is a city on the Bight of Benin and Atlantic coast of Ghana.

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Tenerife

Tenerife (formerly spelled Teneriffe) is the largest and most populous island of the Canary Islands.

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Tenerife meridian

The Tenerife meridian was the prime meridian of choice for Dutch cartographers and navigators from the 1640s until the beginning of the 19th century. Prime meridian and Tenerife meridian are prime meridians.

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Territorial claims in Antarctica

Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.

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The Nautical Almanac

The Nautical Almanac has been the familiar name for a series of official British almanacs published under various titles since the first issue of The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, for 1767: this was the first nautical almanac to contain data dedicated to the convenient determination of longitude at sea.

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Thomas Godfrey (inventor)

Thomas Godfrey (January 10, 1704 – December 1749) was a glazier and self-taught mathematician and astronomer in the Pennsylvania Colony, who invented the octant in 1730.

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Tidal locking

Tidal locking between a pair of co-orbiting astronomical bodies occurs when one of the objects reaches a state where there is no longer any net change in its rotation rate over the course of a complete orbit.

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Titan (moon)

Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest in the Solar System.

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Treaty of Tordesillas

The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain, on 7 June 1494, and ratified in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. Prime meridian and Treaty of Tordesillas are meridians (geography).

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Triton (moon)

Triton is the largest natural satellite of the planet Neptune.

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Tunstall, East Riding of Yorkshire

Tunstall is a village in the civil parish of Roos, in Holderness, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, close to the North Sea coast.

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Ujjain

Ujjain (Hindustani pronunciation: ʊd͡ːʒɛːn, old name Avantika) or Ujjayinī is a city in Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Zero Meridian

The United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Zero Meridian is the prime meridian used by the Ordnance Survey (OSGB36 datum). Prime meridian and United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Zero Meridian are prime meridians.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Department of Defense

The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun.

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Vertical deflection

The vertical deflection (VD) or deflection of the vertical (DoV), also known as deflection of the plumb line and astro-geodetic deflection, is a measure of how far the gravity direction at a given point of interest is rotated by local mass anomalies such as nearby mountains. Prime meridian and vertical deflection are geodesy.

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Very-long-baseline interferometry

Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio astronomy. Prime meridian and Very-long-baseline interferometry are geodesy.

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Villers-sur-Mer

Villers-sur-Mer is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy, northwestern France, with a population of 2,644 as of 2017.

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Warsaw

Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Warsaw meridian

The Warsaw meridian (południk warszawski) is a meridian line running through Warsaw. Prime meridian and Warsaw meridian are prime meridians.

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Washington meridians

The Washington meridians are four meridians that were used as prime meridians in the United States which pass through Washington, D.C. The four that have been specified are. Prime meridian and Washington meridians are meridians (geography) and prime meridians.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.

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Westerkerk

The Westerkerk (Western Church) is a Reformed church within Dutch Protestant Calvinism in central Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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Western Hemisphere

The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian—which crosses Greenwich, London, England—and east of the 180th meridian.

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Winchester

Winchester is a cathedral city in Hampshire, England.

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World Geodetic System

The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. Prime meridian and World Geodetic System are geodesy.

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180th meridian

The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system. Prime meridian and 180th meridian are meridians (geography).

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4 Vesta

Vesta (minor-planet designation: 4 Vesta) is one of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of.

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See also

Cardinal Richelieu

Prime meridians

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_meridian

Also known as 0th Meridian, 0th meridian east, 0th meridian west, History of prime meridians, Origin of longitude, Prime meridian (planets), Universal prime meridian, Zero meridian.

, Den Store Danske Encyklopædi, Denmark, Denotation (semiotics), Diogo Ribeiro, Easter Island, Eastern Hemisphere, Edmond Halley, El Hierro, El Verger, English Channel, Equator, Eratosthenes, Europa (moon), Europe, Exclusive economic zone, Ferro meridian, Florence, Florence meridian, Fortunate Isles, France, Fuerteventura, Galilean moons, Gall–Peters projection, Ganymede (moon), Gao, Gavarnie, Geodetic datum, Geographer, Geographic coordinate system, Geography (Ptolemy), Georg von Peuerbach, George Biddell Airy, Gerardus Mercator, Ghana, Global Positioning System, Great Britain, Great circle, Great Pyramid of Giza, Greeks, Greenland, Greenland Sea, Greenwich, Guillaume Delisle, Gulf of Valencia, Hemispheres of Earth, Hipparchus, History of Oradea, Hun Kal (crater), IERS Reference Meridian, Indian astronomy, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Date Line, International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, International Hydrographic Organization, International Meridian Conference, International standard, International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame, International Time Bureau, International waters, Io (moon), Jacob Roggeveen, James Bradley, Jan Mayen, Jerusalem, John Flamsteed, John Hadley, John Harrison, Jupiter, Kew, King's Observatory, Kingdom of Prussia, Kraków, Kurukshetra, Kyoto, Lake Volta, Lancashire, League (unit), Lisbon, Longitude, Lunar distance (navigation), Lunar eclipse, Lunar Laser Ranging experiments, Madrid, Magnetic declination, Magnetic field, Maimonides, Marcin Bylica, Marine chronometer, Mars, Mecca, Mecca Time, Mediterranean Sea, Mercury (planet), Meridian (geography), Meridian circle, Meridian of Antwerp, Merton E. Davies, Mile, Monte Mario, Moon, Naples, Neptune, Nevil Maskelyne, Nicolaus Copernicus, North Pole, North Sea, Norway, Norwegian Sea, Null Island, Octant (instrument), Olympia, Greece, Oslo, Padrón Real, Paris, Paris meridian, Peacehaven, Philadelphia, Pierre Janssen, Pisa, Plate tectonics, Plumb bob, Pluto, Portugal, Prime meridian, Prime meridian (Greenwich), Ptolemy, Pulkovo meridian, Queen Maud Land, Regiomontanus, Reports on Progress in Physics, Retrograde and prograde motion, Rhodes, Richard Christopher Carrington, Rio de Janeiro, Rohtak, Rome, Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Rundetaarn, Saint Petersburg, Sandford Fleming, Satellite laser ranging, Saturn, Sámuel Mikoviny, São Miguel Island, Sea level, South Pole, Southern Ocean, Spain, Spherical Earth, Stadion (unit), Stidia, Stockholm, Stockholm Observatory, Stonyhurst Observatory, Strabo, Submarine communications cable, Sunspot, Surya Siddhanta, Svalbard, Tema, Tenerife, Tenerife meridian, Territorial claims in Antarctica, The Nautical Almanac, Thomas Godfrey (inventor), Tidal locking, Titan (moon), Treaty of Tordesillas, Triton (moon), Tunstall, East Riding of Yorkshire, Ujjain, United Kingdom, United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Zero Meridian, United States, United States Department of Defense, Venus, Vertical deflection, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Villers-sur-Mer, Warsaw, Warsaw meridian, Washington meridians, Washington, D.C., Westerkerk, Western Hemisphere, Winchester, World Geodetic System, 180th meridian, 4 Vesta.