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59 relations: Abdelhafid Boussouf, Abdelhamid Mehri, Ahmed Ben Bella, Ahmed Francis, Ahmed Tewfik El Madani, Algeria, Algerian War, Algiers, Alistair Horne, Arab world, Arabic, Autonomy, Évian Accords, Benjamin Stora, Benyoucef Benkhedda, Cairo, Charles de Gaulle, Colonel, Colonialism, Constitution of Algeria, Cornell University Press, De jure, Diplomat, Egypt, Ferhat Abbas, France, French language, Government in exile, Hocine Aït Ahmed, Houari Boumédiène, Independence, Kassaman, Krim Belkacem, Lakhdar Ben Tobbal, Lamine Khene, Library of Congress, Maghreb, Mahmoud Cherif, Mhamed Yazid, Mohamed Boudiaf, Mohamed Khider, Mohamed Lamine Debaghine, Morocco, Mustapha Stambouli, Nasserism, National Liberation Army (Algeria), National Liberation Front (Algeria), Omar Oussedik, One-party state, Politburo, ..., President of Algeria, President of France, Rabah Bitat, Referendum, Roccia Nera, Saad Dahlab, Saïd Mohammedi, Tunis, Tunisia. Expand index (9 more) »
Abdelhafid Boussouf
Abdelhafid Boussouf (عبد الحفيظ بوصوف; 17 August 1926, Mila, Algeria – 31 December 1980 Paris, France) was an Algerian nationalist and a leader of the Front de libération nationale (FLN) during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62).
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Abdelhamid Mehri
Abdelhamid Mehri (April 1926 – 30 January 2012) was an Algerian resistance fighter, soldier and politician.
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Ahmed Ben Bella
Ahmed Ben Bella (أحمد بن بلّة; 25 December 1916 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian socialist soldier and revolutionary who was the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965.
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Ahmed Francis
Ahmed Francis (1912–1968) was an Algerian politician and nationalist, he was born in Relizane from a family originally from Miliana.
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Ahmed Tewfik El Madani
Ahmed Tewfik El Madani (also spelled Ahmad Toufik al-Medani etc.) (1899–1983) was an Algerian nationalist leader during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–61), and a minister of the GPRA, a provisional exile government of the Front de libération nationale (FLN).
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Algeria
Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.
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Algerian War
No description.
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Algiers
Algiers (الجزائر al-Jazā’er, ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻ, Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria.
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Alistair Horne
Sir Alistair Allan Horne (9 November 1925 – 25 May 2017) was a British journalist, biographer and historian of Europe, especially of 19th and 20th century France.
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Arab world
The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Autonomy
In development or moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision.
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Évian Accords
The Évian Accords comprise a treaty which was signed on 18 March 1962 in Évian-les-Bains, France by France and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic, the government-in-exile of FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) which sought Algeria's independence from France.
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Benjamin Stora
Benjamin Stora (born 2 December 1950 in Constantine, French Algeria) is a French historian, expert on North Africa, who is widely considered one of the world's leading authorities on Algerian history.
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Benyoucef Benkhedda
Benyoucef Benkhedda (بن يوسف بن خدة; February 23, 1920 – February 4, 2003) was an Algerian politician.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Colonialism
Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.
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Constitution of Algeria
An Algerian Constitution was first adopted by a referendum in 1963, following the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62); originally, it was to be drafted by a constitutional assembly led by Ferhat Abbas, but this body was sidelined by Algeria's first President, Ahmed Ben Bella.
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Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is a division of Cornell University housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.
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De jure
In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.
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Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organizations.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Ferhat Abbas
Ferhat Abbas (فرحات عباس; ALA-LC:; ⴼⴻⵔⵃⴰⵜ ⵄⴻⴱⴱⴰⵙ, Ferḥat Ɛebbas; 24 August 1899 – 24 December 1985) was an Algerian politician who acted in a provisional capacity as the yet-to-become independent country's President from 1958 to 1961.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Government in exile
A government in exile is a political group which claims to be a country or semi-sovereign state's legitimate government, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in another state or foreign country.
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Hocine Aït Ahmed
Hocine Aït Ahmed (حسين آيت أحمد‎; 20 August 1926 – 23 December 2015) was an Algerian politician.
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Houari Boumédiène
Houari Boumédiène, also transcribed Boumediene, Boumedienne etc., (هواري بومدين; ALA-LC: Hawārī Bū-Madyan; 23 August 1932 – 27 December 1978) served as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria from 19 June 1965 until 12 December 1976 and thereafter as the second President of Algeria until his death on 27 December 1978.
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Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over the territory.
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Kassaman
Kassaman or Qassaman (قَسَمًا, "we pledge"; Tagallit, "the oath" or "we swear") is the national anthem of Algeria.
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Krim Belkacem
Krim Belkacem (in Kabyle: Krim Belqasem) (September 14, 1922, Aït Yahia Moussa, Tizi Ouzou Province – October 18, 1970) was an Algerian revolutionary fighter and politician.
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Lakhdar Ben Tobbal
Slimane Bentebal (1923, Mila, Algeria – 21 August 2010), better known as Lakhdar Bentobal, is a former Algerian resistance fighter.
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Lamine Khene
Dr. Lamine Khene (b. approximately 1930) is an Algerian nationalist politician and former officer.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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Maghreb
The Maghreb (al-Maɣréb lit.), also known as the Berber world, Barbary, Berbery, and Northwest Africa, is a major region of North Africa that consists primarily of the countries Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania.
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Mahmoud Cherif
Colonel Mahmoud Chérif (1912–1987) was an Algerian military leader and politician.
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Mhamed Yazid
Mhamed Yazid (b. in Blida, 1923 - d. 2003) was an Algerian independence activist and politician.
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Mohamed Boudiaf
Mohamed Boudiaf (23 June 1919 – 29 June 1992, محمد بوضياف; ALA-LC: Muḥammad Bū-Ḍiyāf), also called Si Tayeb el Watani, was an Algerian political leader and one of the founders of the revolutionary National Liberation Front (FLN) that led the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962).
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Mohamed Khider
Mohamed Khider (محمد خضر) (March 13, 1912, Biskra, Algeria – January 4, 1967, Madrid, Spain) was an Algerian politician.
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Mohamed Lamine Debaghine
Dr. Mohamed Lamine Debaghine (born January 24, 1917 in Hussein Dey, Algeria—died January 23, 2003 in Algiers, Algeria) was an Algerian politician and independence activist.
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Morocco
Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.
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Mustapha Stambouli
Mustapha Stambouli (March 10, 1920 in Mascara, Algeria – April 20, 1984 in Mascara, Algeria) was an Algerian nationalist leader.
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Nasserism
Nasserism (at-Tayyār an-Nāṣṣarī) is a socialist Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and Egypt's second President.
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National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN (Arabic, جيش التحرير الوطني الجزائري Djaïche Al-Tehrir Al-Ouatani Al-Djezaïr; French, Armée de libération nationale) was the armed wing of the nationalist Front de Libération National (FLN) during the Algerian War.
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National Liberation Front (Algeria)
The National Liberation Front (جبهة التحرير الوطني Jabhatu l-Taḥrīru l-Waṭanī; Front de libération nationale, FLN) is a socialist political party in Algeria.
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Omar Oussedik
Omar Oussedik (transliterated variously) (1920 or 1922 in Ain El Hammam, Algeria – June 1992 in Algiers, Algeria) was an Algerian nationalist politician and independence leader, born in a Berber family from the Kabylie region.
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One-party state
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of state in which one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution.
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Politburo
A politburo or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties.
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President of Algeria
The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
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President of France
The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.
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Rabah Bitat
Rabah Bitat (رابح بيطاط; ALA-LC: Rābaḥ Bīṭāṭ; 19 December 1925 in Aïn Kerma – 10 April 2000) was an Algerian politician.
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Referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.
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Roccia Nera
The Roccia Nera (Italian for Black Rock, Rocher noir, Schwarzfluh) is a peak of the Breithorn range in the Pennine Alps, on the boundary between the Aosta Valley (northern Italy) and canton of Valais (southern Switzerland).
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Saad Dahlab
Saad Dahlab (b. in Ksar Chellala, April 18, 1918 - d. December 16, 2000 in Algiers) was an Algerian nationalist and politician.
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Saïd Mohammedi
Col.
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Tunis
Tunis (تونس) is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia.
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Tunisia
Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.
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Redirects here:
Algerian Provisional Government, Algerian provisional government, Gouvernement Provisionel de la Republique Algerienne, Gouvernement Provisionel de la République Algérienne, Gouvernement Provisoire de la Republique Algerienne, Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Algérienne, Gouvernement provisoire de la republique algerienne, Gouvernement provisoire de la republique algérienne, Gouvernement provisoire de la république algérienne, Provisional government of the algerian republic.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Algerian_Republic
