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Pseudorandom number generator

Index Pseudorandom number generator

A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers. [1]

104 relations: ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Advantage (cryptography), Algorithm, Applications of randomness, Artifact (error), Association for Computing Machinery, Australian Mathematical Society, Backdoor (computing), Bit, Block cipher, Block cipher mode of operation, Blum Blum Shub, Borel set, Bruce Schneier, C (programming language), C++, Cambridge University Press, Chi-squared test, Ciphertext, Computational complexity theory, Computational hardness assumption, CryptGenRandom, Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator, Cryptography, Cumulative distribution function, Discrete uniform distribution, Donald Knuth, Dual EC DRBG, Electronic game, Embedded system, ENIAC, Equidistributed sequence, Exclusive or, Federal Information Processing Standards, Federal Office for Information Security, Fortuna (PRNG), FreeBSD, George Marsaglia, GNU General Public License, Hardware random number generator, Integer factorization, Interior (topology), International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, Java (programming language), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, John Kelsey (cryptanalyst), John Viega, John von Neumann, Journal of Statistical Software, Kleptography, ..., Linear congruential generator, Linear-feedback shift register, List of random number generators, Low-discrepancy sequence, Luca Trevisan, MacOS, Mainframe computer, Mathematical problem, Matthew D. Green, Mersenne Twister, Microsoft, Microsoft CryptoAPI, Microsoft Research, Middle-square method, Monte Carlo method, Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Security Agency, Negligible function, Niels Ferguson, Normal distribution, Numerical Recipes, Omer Reingold, One-way function, OpenJDK, Plaintext, Poisson distribution, Procedural generation, Pseudorandom binary sequence, Pseudorandom generator, Pseudorandom noise, Pseudorandomness, Punched card, Random number generation, Random number generator attack, Random seed, Randomness, RANDU, Rayleigh distribution, Reduction (complexity), Richard P. Brent, Salil Vadhan, Simulation, Statistical randomness, Stream cipher, Support (mathematics), The Art of Computer Programming, Time complexity, Uniform distribution (continuous), Well equidistributed long-period linear, Weyl sequence, Xorshift, Yarrow algorithm, Ziggurat algorithm. Expand index (54 more) »

ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software

ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) is a quarterly scientific journal that aims to disseminate the latest findings of note in the field of numeric, symbolic, algebraic, and geometric computing applications.

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Advantage (cryptography)

In cryptography, an adversary's advantage is a measure of how successfully it can attack a cryptographic algorithm, by distinguishing it from an idealized version of that type of algorithm.

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Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.

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Applications of randomness

Randomness has many uses in science, art, statistics, cryptography, gaming, gambling, and other fields.

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Artifact (error)

In natural science and signal processing, an artifact is any error in the perception or representation of any information, introduced by the involved equipment or technique(s).

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Association for Computing Machinery

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing.

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Australian Mathematical Society

The Australian Mathematical Society (AustMS) was founded in 1956 and is the national society of the mathematics profession in Australia.

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Backdoor (computing)

A backdoor is a method, often secret, of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer system, a product, or an embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment, e.g. as part of a cryptosystem, an algorithm, a chipset, or a "homunculus computer" (such as that as found in Intel's AMT technology).

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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Block cipher

In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called a block, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.

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Block cipher mode of operation

In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide an information service such as confidentiality or authenticity.

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Blum Blum Shub

Blum Blum Shub (B.B.S.) is a pseudorandom number generator proposed in 1986 by Lenore Blum, Manuel Blum and Michael Shub that is derived from Michael O. Rabin's oblivious transfer mapping.

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Borel set

In mathematics, a Borel set is any set in a topological space that can be formed from open sets (or, equivalently, from closed sets) through the operations of countable union, countable intersection, and relative complement.

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Bruce Schneier

Bruce Schneier (born January 15, 1963, is an American cryptographer, computer security professional, privacy specialist and writer. He is the author of several books on general security topics, computer security and cryptography. Schneier is a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, a program fellow at the New America Foundation's Open Technology Institute. He has been working for IBM since they acquired Resilient Systems where Schneier was CTO. He is also a contributing writer for The Guardian news organization.

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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C++

C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Chi-squared test

A chi-squared test, also written as test, is any statistical hypothesis test where the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null hypothesis is true.

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Ciphertext

In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher.

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Computational complexity theory

Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other.

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Computational hardness assumption

In computational complexity theory, a computational hardness assumption is the hypothesis that a particular problem cannot be solved efficiently (where efficiently typically means "in polynomial time").

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CryptGenRandom

CryptGenRandom is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator function that is included in Microsoft CryptoAPI.

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Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator

A cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG) or cryptographic pseudo-random number generator (CPRNG) is a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) with properties that make it suitable for use in cryptography.

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Cryptography

Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.

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Cumulative distribution function

In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF, also cumulative density function) of a real-valued random variable X, or just distribution function of X, evaluated at x, is the probability that X will take a value less than or equal to x. In the case of a continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from minus infinity to x. Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.

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Discrete uniform distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the discrete uniform distribution is a symmetric probability distribution whereby a finite number of values are equally likely to be observed; every one of n values has equal probability 1/n.

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Donald Knuth

Donald Ervin Knuth (born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at Stanford University.

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Dual EC DRBG

Dual_EC_DRBG (Dual Elliptic Curve Deterministic Random Bit Generator) is an algorithm that was presented as a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) using methods in elliptic curve cryptography.

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Electronic game

An electronic game is a game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play.

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Embedded system

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

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ENIAC

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was amongst the earliest electronic general-purpose computers made.

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Equidistributed sequence

In mathematics, a sequence of real numbers is said to be equidistributed, or uniformly distributed, if the proportion of terms falling in a subinterval is proportional to the length of that interval.

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Exclusive or

Exclusive or or exclusive disjunction is a logical operation that outputs true only when inputs differ (one is true, the other is false).

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Federal Information Processing Standards

Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States federal government for use in computer systems by non-military government agencies and government contractors.

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Federal Office for Information Security

The Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, abbreviated as BSI) is the German upper-level federal agency in charge of managing computer and communication security for the German government.

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Fortuna (PRNG)

Fortuna is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) devised by Bruce Schneier and Niels Ferguson and published in 2003.

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FreeBSD

FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from Research Unix via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).

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George Marsaglia

George Marsaglia (March 12, 1924 – February 15, 2011) was an American mathematician and computer scientist.

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GNU General Public License

The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is a widely used free software license, which guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the software.

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Hardware random number generator

In computing, a hardware random number generator (true random number generator, TRNG) is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process, rather than a computer program.

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Integer factorization

In number theory, integer factorization is the decomposition of a composite number into a product of smaller integers.

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Interior (topology)

In mathematics, specifically in topology, the interior of a subset S of points of a topological space X consists of all points of S that do not belong to the boundary of S. A point that is in the interior of S is an interior point of S. The interior of S is the complement of the closure of the complement of S. In this sense interior and closure are dual notions.

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International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science

The International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science is one of the largest international scientific projects ever conducted (from the number of involved countries perspective) since it includes contributors coming from 105 countries and six continents.

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Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

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Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg.

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John Kelsey (cryptanalyst)

John Kelsey is a cryptographer who works at NIST.

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John Viega

John Viega (born February 22, 1974) is an American computer security author, researcher and professional.

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John von Neumann

John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos,; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath.

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Journal of Statistical Software

The Journal of Statistical Software is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that publishes papers related to statistical software.

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Kleptography

Kleptography is the study of stealing information securely and subliminally and it was introduced by Adam Young and Moti Yung in the Proceedings of Advances in Cryptology—Crypto '96.

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Linear congruential generator

A linear congruential generator (LCG) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation.

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Linear-feedback shift register

In computing, a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state.

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List of random number generators

Computer random number generators are important in mathematics, cryptography and gambling (on game servers).

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Low-discrepancy sequence

In mathematics, a low-discrepancy sequence is a sequence with the property that for all values of N, its subsequence x1,..., xN has a low discrepancy.

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Luca Trevisan

Luca Trevisan (Rome, 21 July 1971) is an Italian professor of computer science at UC Berkeley.

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MacOS

macOS (previously and later) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001.

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Mainframe computer

Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron") are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning; and transaction processing.

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Mathematical problem

A mathematical problem is a problem that is amenable to being represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics.

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Matthew D. Green

Matthew Daniel Green (born 1976) is a cryptographer and security technologist.

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Mersenne Twister

The Mersenne Twister is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG).

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Microsoft CryptoAPI

The Microsoft windows platform specific Cryptographic Application Programming Interface (also known variously as CryptoAPI, Microsoft Cryptography API, MS-CAPI or simply CAPI) is an application programming interface included with Microsoft Windows operating systems that provides services to enable developers to secure Windows-based applications using cryptography.

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Microsoft Research

Microsoft Research is the research subsidiary of Microsoft.

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Middle-square method

In mathematics, the middle-square method is a method of generating pseudorandom numbers.

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Monte Carlo method

Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results.

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Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function

In 1997, Moni Naor and Omer Reingold described efficient constructions for various cryptographic primitives in private key as well as public-key cryptography.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.

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National Security Agency

The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.

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Negligible function

In mathematics, a negligible function is a function \mu:\mathbb\to\mathbb such that for every positive integer c there exists an integer Nc such that for all x > Nc, Equivalently, we may also use the following definition.

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Niels Ferguson

Niels T. Ferguson (born 10 December 1965, Eindhoven) is a Dutch cryptographer and consultant who currently works for Microsoft.

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Normal distribution

In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace–Gauss) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.

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Numerical Recipes

Numerical Recipes is the generic title of a series of books on algorithms and numerical analysis by William H. Press, Saul A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling and Brian P. Flannery.

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Omer Reingold

Omer Reingold (עומר ריינגולד) is a faculty member of the Computer Science Department at Stanford University.

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One-way function

In computer science, a one-way function is a function that is easy to compute on every input, but hard to invert given the image of a random input.

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OpenJDK

OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE).

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Plaintext

In cryptography, plaintext or cleartext is unencrypted information, as opposed to information encrypted for storage or transmission.

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Poisson distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution (in English often rendered), named after French mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson, is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space if these events occur with a known constant rate and independently of the time since the last event.

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Procedural generation

In computing, procedural generation is a method of creating data algorithmically as opposed to manually.

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Pseudorandom binary sequence

A pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) is a binary sequence that, while generated with a deterministic algorithm, is difficult to predict and exhibits statistical behavior similar to a truly random sequence.

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Pseudorandom generator

In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a pseudorandom generator (PRG) for a class of statistical tests is a deterministic procedure that maps a random seed to a longer pseudorandom string such that no statistical test in the class can distinguish between the output of the generator and the uniform distribution.

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Pseudorandom noise

In cryptography, pseudorandom noise (PRN) is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness.

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Pseudorandomness

A pseudorandom process is a process that appears to be random but is not.

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Punched card

A punched card or punch card is a piece of stiff paper that can be used to contain digital data represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.

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Random number generation

Random number generation is the generation of a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by a random chance, usually through a hardware random-number generator (RNG).

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Random number generator attack

The security of cryptographic systems depends on some secret data that is known to authorized persons but unknown and unpredictable to others.

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Random seed

A random seed (or seed state, or just seed) is a number (or vector) used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator.

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Randomness

Randomness is the lack of pattern or predictability in events.

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RANDU

RANDU is a linear congruential pseudorandom number generator of the Park–Miller type, which has been used since the 1960s.

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Rayleigh distribution

No description.

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Reduction (complexity)

In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a reduction is an algorithm for transforming one problem into another problem.

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Richard P. Brent

Richard Peirce Brent (born 20 April 1946, Melbourne) is an Australian mathematician and computer scientist.

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Salil Vadhan

Salil Vadhan is Vicky Joseph Professor of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University.

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Simulation

Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system.

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Statistical randomness

A numeric sequence is said to be statistically random when it contains no recognizable patterns or regularities; sequences such as the results of an ideal dice roll or the digits of π exhibit statistical randomness.

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Stream cipher

A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream).

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Support (mathematics)

In mathematics, the support of a real-valued function f is the subset of the domain containing those elements which are not mapped to zero.

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The Art of Computer Programming

The Art of Computer Programming (sometimes known by its initials TAOCP) is a comprehensive monograph written by Donald Knuth that covers many kinds of programming algorithms and their analysis.

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Time complexity

In computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of time it takes to run an algorithm.

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Uniform distribution (continuous)

In probability theory and statistics, the continuous uniform distribution or rectangular distribution is a family of symmetric probability distributions such that for each member of the family, all intervals of the same length on the distribution's support are equally probable.

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Well equidistributed long-period linear

The Well Equidistributed Long-period Linear (WELL) is a family of pseudorandom number generators developed in 2006 by François Panneton, Pierre L'Ecuyer, and.

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Weyl sequence

In mathematics, a Weyl sequence is a sequence from the equidistribution theorem proven by Hermann Weyl: The sequence of all multiples of an irrational α, In other words, the sequence of the fractional parts of each term will be uniformly distributed in the interval.

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Xorshift

Xorshift random number generators are a class of pseudorandom number generators that were discovered by George Marsaglia.

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Yarrow algorithm

The Yarrow algorithm is a family of cryptographic pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) devised by John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and Niels Ferguson.

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Ziggurat algorithm

The ziggurat algorithm is an algorithm for pseudo-random number sampling.

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Redirects here:

DRBG, PN sequence, PN sequences, Pseudo Random Number Generator, Pseudo random number generator, Pseudo-random number generator, Pseudorandom Number Generator, Pseudorandom number generation, Pseudorandom number generators, Pseudorandom number sequence, Pseudorandom sequence, Psuedo-random number generators, Rand(), Randint.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator

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