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Pear

Index Pear

The pear is any of several tree and shrub species of genus Pyrus, in the family Rosaceae. [1]

116 relations: Alcinous, Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, Apple, Argentina, Award of Garden Merit, Banana, Bosc pear, Calorie, Carbohydrate, Carl Linnaeus, Cartilage, Chechens, Chechnya, China, Cider, Climacteric (botany), Conference pear, Crossbreed, Cultivar, Cumulative song, D'Anjou, Deciduous, Dietary fiber, Dried fruit, Epidermis (botany), Ethylene, Evergreen, Family (biology), Fat, Ficus, Firewood, Flower, Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, Fruit preserves, Furniture, Genus, Grafting, Gynoecium, Ingushetia, Italy, Juice, Leaf, List of culinary fruits, List of Lepidoptera that feed on pear trees, List of pear cultivars, Loanword, Native plant, Natural History (Pliny), Nomenclature, North Caucasus, ..., Nutrient, Odyssey, Old World, Olive, Orchard, Ornamental plant, Palatability, Partridge, Pear-shaped, Perry, Petal, Pome, Pomegranate, Pomology, Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich, Protein, Pyrus amygdaliformis, Pyrus anatolica, Pyrus armeniacifolia, Pyrus × bretschneideri, Pyrus × sinkiangensis, Pyrus boissieriana, Pyrus bourgaeana, Pyrus calleryana, Pyrus communis, Pyrus cordata, Pyrus elaeagrifolia, Pyrus hakkiarica, Pyrus nivalis, Pyrus oxyprion, Pyrus pashia, Pyrus pyraster, Pyrus pyrifolia, Pyrus salicifolia, Pyrus serikensis, Pyrus syriaca, Pyrus ussuriensis, Quince, Rootstock, Rosaceae, Royal Horticultural Society, Russia, Sclereid, Sepal, Shrub, Soufflé, Species, Stamen, Subspecies, Synonym (taxonomy), Temperate climate, The Twelve Days of Christmas (song), Tian Shan, Tobacco, Tonne, Trees in mythology, USDA National Nutrient Database, Vainakh peoples, Vainakh religion, Vulgar Latin, Walnut, Western China, Williams pear, Winter, Woodcut, Woodwind instrument. Expand index (66 more) »

Alcinous

Alcinous (Ἀλκίνους or Ἀλκίνοος, Alkínoös) was, in Greek mythology, a son of Nausithous, or of Phaeax (the son of Poseidon and Corcyra), and father of Nausicaa, Halius, Clytoneus and Laodamas with Arete.

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Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle

Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle (28 October 18064 April 1893) was a French-Swiss botanist, the son of the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle.

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Apple

An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila).

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Award of Garden Merit

The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS).

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Banana

A banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.

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Bosc pear

The Beurré Bosc or Bosc is a cultivar of the European Pear (Pyrus communis) from France or Belgium originally.

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Calorie

A calorie is a unit of energy.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von LinnéBlunt (2004), p. 171.

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Cartilage

Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.

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Chechens

Chechens (Нохчий; Old Chechen: Нахчой Naxçoy) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Cider

Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples.

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Climacteric (botany)

The climacteric is a stage of fruit ripening associated with increased ethylene production and a rise in cellular respiration.

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Conference pear

A Conference pear is a variety of pear.

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Crossbreed

A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations.

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Cultivar

The term cultivarCultivar has two denominations as explained in Formal definition.

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Cumulative song

A cumulative song is a song with a simple verse structure modified by progressive addition so that each verse is longer than the verse before.

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D'Anjou

The D'Anjou pear, sometimes referred to as the Beurré d'Anjou or simply Anjou, is a short-necked cultivar of European pear.

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Deciduous

In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/dɪˈsɪdʒuəs/) means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.

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Dietary fiber

Dietary fiber or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants.

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Dried fruit

Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators.

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Epidermis (botany)

The word'epidermis' is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants.

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Ethylene

Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.

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Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen is a plant that has leaves throughout the year, always green.

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Family (biology)

In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.

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Fat

Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.

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Ficus

Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae.

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Firewood

Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel.

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Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).

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Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database

The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) website disseminates statistical data collected and maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

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Fruit preserves

Fruit preserves are preparations of fruits, vegetables and sugar, often canned or sealed for long-term storage.

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Furniture

Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools, and sofas), eating (tables), and sleeping (e.g., beds).

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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Grafting

Grafting or graftage is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together.

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Gynoecium

Gynoecium (from Ancient Greek γυνή, gyne, meaning woman, and οἶκος, oikos, meaning house) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.

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Ingushetia

The Republic of Ingushetia (rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə ɪnɡʊˈʂetʲɪjə; Гӏалгӏай Мохк), also referred to as simply Ingushetia, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in the North Caucasus region.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Juice

Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables.

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Leaf

A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.

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List of culinary fruits

This list of culinary fruits contains the names of some fruits that are considered edible in some cuisines.

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List of Lepidoptera that feed on pear trees

Pears (Pyrus species) are used as food plants by the caterpillars of a number of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).

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List of pear cultivars

Over 3000 cultivars of the pear are known.

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Loanword

A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation.

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Native plant

Native plants are plants indigenous to a given area in geologic time.

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Natural History (Pliny)

The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a book about the whole of the natural world in Latin by Pliny the Elder, a Roman author and naval commander who died in 79 AD.

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Nomenclature

Nomenclature is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus (p) or Ciscaucasia is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea on the west and the Caspian Sea on the east, within European Russia.

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Nutrient

A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

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Odyssey

The Odyssey (Ὀδύσσεια Odýsseia, in Classical Attic) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.

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Old World

The term "Old World" is used in the West to refer to Africa, Asia and Europe (Afro-Eurasia or the World Island), regarded collectively as the part of the world known to its population before contact with the Americas and Oceania (the "New World").

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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Orchard

An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production.

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Ornamental plant

Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as houseplants, for cut flowers and specimen display.

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Palatability

Palatability is the hedonic reward (i.e., pleasure) provided by foods or fluids that are agreeable to the "palate", which often varies relative to the homeostatic satisfaction of nutritional, water, or energy needs.

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Partridge

Partridges are medium-sized non-migratory gamebirds, with a wide native distribution throughout the Old World, including Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa.

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Pear-shaped

Pear-shaped is a metaphorical term with several meanings, all in reference to the shape of a (European) pear, i.e. tapering towards the top.

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Perry

Perry is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, similar to the way cider is made from apples.

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Petal

Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers.

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Pome

In botany, a pome (derived from Latin pōmum, meaning "fruit") is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae.

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Pomegranate

The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree in the family Lythraceae that grows between tall.

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Pomology

Pomology (from latin pomum (fruit) + -logy) is a branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruit.

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Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich

Prehistoric pile dwellings around Lake Zurich comprises 11 – or 10% of all European pile dwelling sites – of a total of 56 prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps in Switzerland, that are located around Lake Zurich in the cantons of Schwyz, St. Gallen and Zürich.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Pyrus amygdaliformis

Pyrus amygdaliformis, also known as the almond-leaved pear, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus anatolica

Pyrus anatolica is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus armeniacifolia

Pyrus armeniacifolia, also known as the apricot-leaved pear, is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus × bretschneideri

Pyrus × bretschneideri (or Pyrus ×bretschneideri), the ya pear or pearple or Chinese white pear, is an interspecific hybrid species of pear native to North China, where it is widely grown for its edible fruit.

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Pyrus × sinkiangensis

Pyrus × sinkangensis, the Xinjiang pear, has been suspected to be of complex hybrid origin involving P. communis and Chinese white pears based on their morphological characteristics.

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Pyrus boissieriana

Pyrus boissieriana, the Boissier pear, is a species of ''Pyrus'' - pear native to the Kopet Dag region on the Turkmenistan and Iranian border.

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Pyrus bourgaeana

Pyrus bourgaeana, the Iberian pear, is a close relative of Pyrus communis L. The last was domesticated about 2500 years ago.

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Pyrus calleryana

Pyrus calleryana, or the Callery pear, is a species of pear tree native to China and Vietnam, in the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus communis

Pyrus communis, known as the European pear or common pear, is a species of pear native to central and eastern Europe and southwest Asia.

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Pyrus cordata

Pyrus cordata, the Plymouth pear, is a rare wild species of pear belonging to the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus elaeagrifolia

Pyrus elaeagrifolia, the oleaster-leafed pear, is a species of wild pear plant in the genus Pyrus (Rosaceae), the specific name referring to the similarity of its foliage to that of Elaeagnus angustifolia - the so-called 'wild olive' or oleaster.

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Pyrus hakkiarica

Pyrus hakkiarica is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus nivalis

Pyrus nivalis, commonly known as snow pear, is a type of pear that grows naturally from south-east Europe to western Asia.

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Pyrus oxyprion

Pyrus oxyprion is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus pashia

Pyrus pashia, the wild Himalayan pear, is a small to medium size deciduous tree of the small and oval shaped crown with ovate, finely toothed leaves, attractive white flowers with red anthers and small pear-like fruits.

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Pyrus pyraster

Pyrus pyraster (syn. Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster), also called European wild pear, is a species of pear belonging to the Rosaceae family.

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Pyrus pyrifolia

Pyrus pyrifolia is a species of pear tree native to East Asia.

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Pyrus salicifolia

Pyrus salicifolia is a species of pear, native to the Middle East.

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Pyrus serikensis

Pyrus serikensis is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae.

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Pyrus syriaca

Pyrus syriaca, the Syrian pear, is a deciduous tree of the Rose family.

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Pyrus ussuriensis

Pyrus ussuriensis, also known as the Ussurian pear, Harbin pear, and Manchurian pear, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae.

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Quince

The quince (Cydonia oblonga) is the sole member of the genus Cydonia in the family Rosaceae (which also contains apples and pears, among other fruits).

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Rootstock

A rootstock is part of a plant, often an underground part, from which new above-ground growth can be produced.

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Rosaceae

Rosaceae, the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including 4,828 known species in 91 genera.

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Royal Horticultural Society

The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Sclereid

Sclereids are a reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified cellular walls that form small bundles of durable layers of tissue in most plants.

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Sepal

A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants).

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Shrub

A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant.

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Soufflé

A soufflé is a baked egg-based dish which originated in early eighteenth century France.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Stamen

The stamen (plural stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.

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Subspecies

In biological classification, the term subspecies refers to a unity of populations of a species living in a subdivision of the species’s global range and varies from other populations of the same species by morphological characteristics.

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Synonym (taxonomy)

In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name,''ICN'', "Glossary", entry for "synonym" although the term is used somewhat differently in the zoological code of nomenclature.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)

"The Twelve Days of Christmas" (Roud 68) is an English Christmas carol that enumerates in the manner of a cumulative song a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of the twelve days of Christmas (the twelve days that make up the Christmas season, starting with Christmas Day).

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Tian Shan

The Tian Shan,, also known as the Tengri Tagh, meaning the Mountains of Heaven or the Heavenly Mountain, is a large system of mountain ranges located in Central Asia.

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Tobacco

Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.

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Tonne

The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.

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Trees in mythology

Trees are significant in many of the world's mythologies and religions, and have been given deep and sacred meanings throughout the ages.

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USDA National Nutrient Database

The USDA National Nutrient Database is a database produced by the United States Department of Agriculture that provides the nutritional content of many generic and proprietary-branded foods.

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Vainakh peoples

The Vainakh peoples (Russian: Вайнахи, apparently derived from Chechen вайн нах, Ingush вейн нах "our people"; also Chechen-Ingush) are the speakers of the Vainakh languages, chiefly the Chechen, Ingush and Kist peoples of the North Caucasus, including closely related minor or historical groups The term Nakh peoples (Нахские народы) was coined in the Soviet period to accommodate the wider linguistic family of Nakh languages, connecting the Chechen-Ingush group to the Bats people, an ethnic minority in northeastern Georgia.

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Vainakh religion

The Vainakh people of the North Caucasus (Chechens and Ingush) were Islamised comparatively late, during the early modern period, and Amjad Jaimoukha (2005) proposes to reconstruct some of the elements of their pre-Islamic religion and mythology, including traces of ancestor worship and funerary cults.

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Vulgar Latin

Vulgar Latin or Sermo Vulgaris ("common speech") was a nonstandard form of Latin (as opposed to Classical Latin, the standard and literary version of the language) spoken in the Mediterranean region during and after the classical period of the Roman Empire.

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Walnut

A walnut is the nut of any tree of the genus Juglans (Family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, Juglans regia.

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Western China

Western China (or rarely) is the west of China.

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Williams pear

The Williams' bon chrétien pear, commonly called the Williams pear or the Bartlett pear in the United States and Canada, is the most commonly grown variety of pear in most countries outside Asia.

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Winter

Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate zones (winter does not occur in the tropical zone).

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Woodcut

Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking.

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Woodwind instrument

Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the more general category of wind instruments.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear

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