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Quantum nonlocality

Index Quantum nonlocality

In theoretical physics, quantum nonlocality most commonly refers to the phenomenon by which measurements made at a microscopic level contradict a collection of notions known as local realism that are regarded as intuitively true in classical mechanics. [1]

55 relations: Abner Shimony, Alain Aspect, Albert Einstein, Anton Zeilinger, Bell's theorem, Bit, Boris Podolsky, Cambridge University Press, CHSH inequality, Classical mechanics, Copenhagen interpretation, Daniel Greenberger, De Broglie–Bohm theory, Distributed computing, Erwin Schrödinger, Expected value, Faster-than-light communication, Foundations of Physics, Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state, Independence (probability theory), Interpretations of quantum mechanics, John Clauser, John Stewart Bell, Letters in Mathematical Physics, Local hidden variable theory, Lucien Hardy, Marginal distribution, Mutual information, Nathan Rosen, Nature (journal), Niels Bohr, Nuovo Cimento, Photon polarization, Physical Review, Physical Review A, Physical Review Letters, Popper's experiment, Principle of locality, Probability, Quantum contextuality, Quantum cryptography, Quantum entanglement, Quantum foundations, Quantum mechanics, Quantum pseudo-telepathy, Quantum teleportation, Sandu Popescu, Special relativity, Superdense coding, Theoretical physics, ..., Thought experiment, Tsirelson's bound, Uncertainty principle, Wave function collapse, Werner state. Expand index (5 more) »

Abner Shimony

Abner Eliezer Shimony (March 10, 1928 – August 8, 2015) was an American physicist and philosopher.

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Alain Aspect

Alain Aspect (born 15 June 1947) is a French physicist noted for his experimental work on quantum entanglement.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).

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Anton Zeilinger

Anton Zeilinger (born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for "his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information".

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Bell's theorem

Bell's theorem is a "no-go theorem" that draws an important distinction between quantum mechanics and the world as described by classical mechanics.

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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Boris Podolsky

Boris Yakovlevich Podolsky (Бори́с Я́ковлевич Подо́льский; 29 June 1896 – 28 November 1966) was a Russian-American physicist of Russian Jewish descent, noted for his work with Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen on entangled wave functions and the EPR paradox.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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CHSH inequality

In physics, the CHSH inequality can be used in the proof of Bell's theorem, which states that certain consequences of entanglement in quantum mechanics cannot be reproduced by local hidden variable theories.

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Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, and astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars and galaxies.

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Copenhagen interpretation

The Copenhagen interpretation is an expression of the meaning of quantum mechanics that was largely devised in the years 1925 to 1927 by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg.

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Daniel Greenberger

Daniel M. Greenberger (born 1932) is an American quantum physicist.

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De Broglie–Bohm theory

The de Broglie–Bohm theory, also known as the pilot wave theory, Bohmian mechanics, Bohm's interpretation, and the causal interpretation, is an interpretation of quantum mechanics.

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Distributed computing

Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems.

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Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or, was a Nobel Prize-winning Austrian physicist who developed a number of fundamental results in the field of quantum theory, which formed the basis of wave mechanics: he formulated the wave equation (stationary and time-dependent Schrödinger equation) and revealed the identity of his development of the formalism and matrix mechanics.

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Expected value

In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable, intuitively, is the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents.

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Faster-than-light communication

Superluminal communication is a hypothetical process in which information is sent at faster-than-light (FTL) speeds.

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Foundations of Physics

Foundations of Physics is a monthly journal "devoted to the conceptual bases and fundamental theories of modern physics and cosmology, emphasizing the logical, methodological, and philosophical premises of modern physical theories and procedures".

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Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state

In physics, in the area of quantum information theory, a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state is a certain type of entangled quantum state that involves at least three subsystems (particles).

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Independence (probability theory)

In probability theory, two events are independent, statistically independent, or stochastically independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other.

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Interpretations of quantum mechanics

An interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how concepts in quantum mechanics correspond to reality.

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John Clauser

John Francis Clauser (born December 1, 1942 in Pasadena, California) is an American theoretical and experimental physicist known for contributions to the foundations of quantum mechanics, in particular the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality.

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John Stewart Bell

John Stewart Bell FRS (28 June 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a Northern Irish physicist, and the originator of Bell's theorem, an important theorem in quantum physics regarding hidden variable theories.

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Letters in Mathematical Physics

Letters in Mathematical Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in mathematical physics published by Springer Science+Business Media.

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Local hidden variable theory

A local hidden variable theory in the interpretation of quantum mechanics is a hidden variable theory that has the added requirement of being consistent with local realism.

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Lucien Hardy

Lucien Hardy (born 1973) is a theoretical physicist, known for his work on the foundation of quantum physics including Hardy's paradox, a thought experiment he devised in 1992, and his widely cited 2001 axiomatic reconstruction of quantum theory that led to a surge of papers in this area.

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Marginal distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the marginal distribution of a subset of a collection of random variables is the probability distribution of the variables contained in the subset.

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Mutual information

In probability theory and information theory, the mutual information (MI) of two random variables is a measure of the mutual dependence between the two variables.

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Nathan Rosen

Nathan Rosen (Hebrew: נתן רוזן; March 22, 1909 – December 18, 1995) was an American-Israeli physicist noted for his study on the structure of the hydrogen atom and his work with Albert Einstein and Boris Podolsky on entangled wave functions and the EPR paradox.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Niels Bohr

Niels Henrik David Bohr (7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.

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Nuovo Cimento

Nuovo Cimento is a series of peer-reviewed scientific journals of physics.

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Photon polarization

Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave.

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Physical Review

Physical Review is an American peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.

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Physical Review A

Physical Review A (also known as PRA) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Physical Society covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information.

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Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters (PRL), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society.

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Popper's experiment

Popper's experiment is an experiment proposed by the philosopher Karl Popper to put to the test different interpretations of quantum mechanics (QM).

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Principle of locality

In physics, the principle of locality states that an object is only directly influenced by its immediate surroundings.

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Probability

Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

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Quantum contextuality

Quantum contextuality is a foundational concept in quantum theory.

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Quantum cryptography

Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks.

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Quantum entanglement

Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon which occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the other(s), even when the particles are separated by a large distance—instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole.

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Quantum foundations

Quantum foundations is the study of foundational questions related to Quantum mechanics and Quantum information theory.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.

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Quantum pseudo-telepathy

Quantum pseudo-telepathy refers to the fact that in certain Bayesian games with asymmetric information, players who have access to a shared physical system in an entangled quantum state, and who are able to execute strategies that are contingent upon measurements performed on the entangled physical system, are able to achieve higher expected payoffs in equilibrium than can be achieved in any mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium of the same game by players without access to the entangled quantum system.

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Quantum teleportation

Quantum teleportation is a process by which quantum information (e.g. the exact state of an atom or photon) can be transmitted (exactly, in principle) from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and previously shared quantum entanglement between the sending and receiving location.

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Sandu Popescu

Sandu Popescu (born 1956 in Oradea, Romania) is a Romanian-British physicist working in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information.

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Special relativity

In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.

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Superdense coding

In quantum information theory, superdense coding is a quantum communication protocol to transmit two classical bits of information (i.e., either 00, 01, 10 or 11) from a sender (often called Alice) to a receiver (often called Bob), by sending only one qubit from Alice to Bob, under the assumption of Alice and Bob pre-sharing an entangled state.

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Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.

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Thought experiment

A thought experiment (Gedankenexperiment, Gedanken-Experiment or Gedankenerfahrung) considers some hypothesis, theory, or principle for the purpose of thinking through its consequences.

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Tsirelson's bound

A Tsirelson bound is an upper limit to quantum mechanical correlations between distant events.

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Uncertainty principle

In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, known as complementary variables, such as position x and momentum p, can be known.

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Wave function collapse

In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse is said to occur when a wave function—initially in a superposition of several eigenstates—appears to reduce to a single eigenstate (by "observation").

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Werner state

A Werner state is a -dimensional bipartite quantum state density matrix that is invariant under all unitary operators of the form U \otimes U. That is, it is a quantum state ρ that satisfies for all unitary operators U acting on d-dimensional Hilbert space.

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Quantum non-local connection.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_nonlocality

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