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230 relations: A Secret Vice, Ablative case, Accusative case, Acute accent, Adjective, Aegnor, Agglutination, Agglutinative language, Ainulindalë, Allative case, Alveolar consonant, Alveolar ridge, Aman (Tolkien), Aragorn, Arda (Tolkien), Arnor, Artistic language, Back vowel, Beleriand, Bilabial nasal, Cardinal number, Celeborn, Christopher Tolkien, Cirth, Close vowel, Close-mid vowel, Common Eldarin, Comparative linguistics, Consonant gradation, Constructed language, Copula (linguistics), Cryptography, Cynewulf, Dative case, Daughter language, Decimal, Declension, Demonstrative, Dental consonant, Dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants, Dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals, Dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills, Diacritic, Diaeresis (diacritic), Diglossia, Diphthong, Doriath, Dual (grammatical number), Duke University, Duodecimal, ..., Eärendil, Elendil, Elf (Middle-earth), Elvish languages (Middle-earth), Elvish Linguistic Fellowship, Eru Ilúvatar, Esperanto, Etymology, Fëanor, Fictional language, Finnish language, Finnish phonology, Finwë, First language, Fraction (mathematics), Fricative consonant, Frodo Baggins, Front vowel, Fusional language, Galadriel, Gandalf, Gemination, Genitive case, Glottal consonant, Gondolin, Gondor, Gothic language, Grammatical case, Grammatical conjugation, Greek language, Greenwood Publishing Group, History of Arda, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Humphrey Carpenter, Hungarian phonology, Ilkorin, Inflection, Instrumental case, Intensive pronoun, International auxiliary language, International Phonetic Alphabet, J. R. R. Tolkien, J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography, Kalevala, Kent State University, King Edward's School, Birmingham, Klingon language, Kven language, Labial consonant, Language family, Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien, Latin, Latin script, Latin spelling and pronunciation, Lexicon, Lindon (Middle-earth), Liquid consonant, List of kings of Gondor, List of Middle-earth Elves, List of rulers of Númenor, Loanword, Locative case, Man (Middle-earth), Marc Okrand, Middle-earth, Middle-earth calendar, Middle-earth objects, Middle-earth wars and battles, Minor places in Arda, Morgoth, Mythopoeic Society, Namárië, Nandor (Middle-earth), Nasal consonant, Nírnaeth Arnoediad, Númenor, Noldor, Nominative case, North Germanic languages, Noun, Old English, Old Norse, Open vowel, Open-mid vowel, Ordinal number, Outline of Middle-earth, Palatal approximant, Palatal consonant, Palgrave Macmillan, Penult, Phonology, Phonotactics, Plurale tantum, Polish language, Possessive, Preposition and postposition, Primitive Quendian, Pronoun, Proto-Indo-European phonology, Proto-language, Quenta Silmarillion, Register (sociolinguistics), Relative articulation, Religious text, Robert Jordan, Sanskrit, Sarati, Saruman, Sauron, Second language, Semivowel, Shelob, Silmaril, Sindar, Sindarin, Sound change, Sound symbolism, Star Trek, Stop consonant, Stress (linguistics), Subject–verb–object, Suffix, Sundering of the Elves, Syllable weight, Syntax, Synthetic language, Taliska, Teleri, Telerin, Tengwar, The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide, The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays, The Silmarillion, The War of the Jewels, The Wheel of Time, Thingol, Timeline of Arda, Tirion, Tolkien's legendarium, Tree model, Treebeard, Trill consonant, Two Trees of Valinor, Ultima (linguistics), University of Bergen, University of Turku, Utopia, Vala (Middle-earth), Valinor, Vanyar, Varda, Velar consonant, Velar nasal, Verb, Vernacular, Vocal folds, Voiced bilabial stop, Voiced dental and alveolar stops, Voiced labio-velar approximant, Voiced velar stop, Voiceless alveolar fricative, Voiceless alveolar trill, Voiceless bilabial stop, Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives, Voiceless dental and alveolar stops, Voiceless glottal fricative, Voiceless labialized velar approximant, Voiceless labiodental fricative, Voiceless palatal fricative, Voiceless velar fricative, Voiceless velar stop, Voronwë, Vowel, Vowel harmony, Vowel length, White Tree of Gondor, Yavanna, Zero copula. Expand index (180 more) »
A Secret Vice
A Secret Vice is the title of a talk written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1931, given to a literary society entitled 'A Hobby for the Home’, where he unveiled for the first time to a listening public the art that he had both.
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Ablative case
The ablative case (sometimes abbreviated) is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns and adjectives in the grammar of various languages; it is sometimes used to express motion away from something, among other uses.
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Accusative case
The accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb.
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Acute accent
The acute accent (´) is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts.
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Adjective
In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated) is a describing word, the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
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Aegnor
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the fictional character Aegnor was a Noldorin Elf, a lord of the Noldor of the House of Finarfin.
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Agglutination
Agglutination is a linguistic process pertaining to derivational morphology in which complex words are formed by stringing together morphemes without changing them in spelling or phonetics.
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Agglutinative language
An agglutinative language is a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination.
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Ainulindalë
Ainulindalë ("Music of the Ainur") is the creation account in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, published as the first part of the posthumously published The Silmarillion (1977).
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Allative case
Allative case (abbreviated; from Latin allāt-, afferre "to bring to") is a type of locative case.
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Alveolar consonant
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth.
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Alveolar ridge
The alveolar ridge (also known as the alveolar margin) is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth.
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Aman (Tolkien)
Aman is a fictional place in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, also known as the Undying Lands or Blessed Realm, it is the home of the Valar, and three kindreds of Elves: the Vanyar, some of the Noldor, and some of the Teleri.
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Aragorn
Aragorn II, son of Arathorn is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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Arda (Tolkien)
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Arda is the name given to the Earth in an imaginary period of prehistory, wherein the places mentioned in The Lord of the Rings and related material once existed.
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Arnor
Arnor is a fictional kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings.
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Artistic language
An artistic language, or artlang, is a constructed language designed for aesthetic pleasure.
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Back vowel
A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages.
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Beleriand
In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional legendarium, Beleriand was a region in northwestern Middle-earth during the First Age.
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Bilabial nasal
The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in almost all spoken languages.
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Cardinal number
In mathematics, cardinal numbers, or cardinals for short, are a generalization of the natural numbers used to measure the cardinality (size) of sets.
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Celeborn
Celeborn is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.
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Christopher Tolkien
Christopher John Reuel Tolkien (born 21 November 1924) is the third son of the author J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973), and the editor of much of his father's posthumously published work.
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Cirth
The Cirth (plural of certh, in Sindarin meaning runes) are a semi-artificial script, with letters shaped on those of actual runic alphabets, invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works.
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Close vowel
A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in American terminology), is any in a class of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.
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Close-mid vowel
A close-mid vowel (also mid-close vowel, high-mid vowel, mid-high vowel or half-close vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.
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Common Eldarin
Common Eldarin, or simply Eldarin, is a constructed language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien.
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Comparative linguistics
Comparative linguistics (originally comparative philology) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.
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Consonant gradation
Consonant gradation is a type of consonant mutation in which consonants alternate between various "grades".
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Constructed language
A constructed language (sometimes called a conlang) is a language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary have been consciously devised for human or human-like communication, instead of having developed naturally.
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Copula (linguistics)
In linguistics, a copula (plural: copulas or copulae; abbreviated) is a word used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (a subject complement), such as the word is in the sentence "The sky is blue." The word copula derives from the Latin noun for a "link" or "tie" that connects two different things.
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Cryptography
Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
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Cynewulf
Cynewulf is one of twelve Old English poets known by name, and one of four whose work is known to survive today.
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Dative case
The dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate, among other uses, the noun to which something is given, as in "Maria Jacobī potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".
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Daughter language
In historical linguistics, a daughter language or son language, also known as offspring language, is a language descended from another language through a process of genetic descent.
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Decimal
The decimal numeral system (also called base-ten positional numeral system, and occasionally called denary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers.
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Declension
In linguistics, declension is the changing of the form of a word to express it with a non-standard meaning, by way of some inflection, that is by marking the word with some change in pronunciation or by other information.
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Demonstrative
Demonstratives (abbreviated) are words, such as this and that, used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others.
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Dental consonant
A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as,,, and in some languages.
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Dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants
The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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Dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals
The alveolar nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in numerous spoken languages.
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Dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills
The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages.
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Diacritic
A diacritic – also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or an accent – is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph.
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Diaeresis (diacritic)
The diaeresis (plural: diaereses), also spelled diæresis or dieresis and also known as the tréma (also: trema) or the umlaut, is a diacritical mark that consists of two dots placed over a letter, usually a vowel.
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Diglossia
In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single language community.
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Diphthong
A diphthong (or; from Greek: δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.
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Doriath
In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional Middle-earth, Doriath is a forest realm of the Sindar in Beleriand ruled by King Thingol and his queen Melian.
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Dual (grammatical number)
Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.
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Duke University
Duke University is a private, non-profit, research university located in Durham, North Carolina.
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Duodecimal
The duodecimal system (also known as base 12 or dozenal) is a positional notation numeral system using twelve as its base.
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Eärendil
Eärendil the Mariner (pronounced) is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.
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Elendil
Elendil is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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Elf (Middle-earth)
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Elves are one of the races that inhabit a fictional Earth, often called Middle-earth, and set in the remote past.
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Elvish languages (Middle-earth)
J. R. R. Tolkien constructed many Elvish languages.
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Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship (E. L. F.) is a "Special Interest Group" of the Mythopoeic Society devoted to the study of the constructed languages of J. R. R. Tolkien, today headed by Carl F. Hostetter.
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Eru Ilúvatar
Eru Ilúvatar is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.
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Esperanto
Esperanto (or; Esperanto) is a constructed international auxiliary language.
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Etymology
EtymologyThe New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".
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Fëanor
Fëanor is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium who plays an important part in The Silmarillion.
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Fictional language
Fictional languages are constructed languages created as part of a fictional setting, for example in books, movies, television shows, and video games.
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Finnish language
Finnish (or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland.
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Finnish phonology
Unless otherwise noted, statements in this article refer to Standard Finnish, which is based on the dialect spoken in the former Häme Province in central south Finland.
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Finwë
Finwë (Y.T. ≥1050–Y.T. 1495; died aged c. 4293), sometimes surnamed Noldóran, is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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First language
A first language, native language or mother/father/parent tongue (also known as arterial language or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.
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Fraction (mathematics)
A fraction (from Latin fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts.
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Fricative consonant
Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
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Frodo Baggins
Frodo Baggins is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, and the main protagonist of The Lord of the Rings.
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Front vowel
A front vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively in front in the mouth without creating a constriction that would make it a consonant.
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Fusional language
Fusional languages or inflected languages are a type of synthetic languages, distinguished from agglutinative languages by their tendency to use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features.
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Galadriel
Galadriel is a fictional character created by J.R.R. Tolkien, appearing in his Middle-earth legendarium.
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Gandalf
Gandalf is a fictional character and one of the protagonists in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
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Gemination
Gemination, or consonant elongation, is the pronouncing in phonetics of a spoken consonant for an audibly longer period of time than that of a short consonant.
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Genitive case
In grammar, the genitive (abbreviated); also called the second case, is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun.
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Glottal consonant
Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.
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Gondolin
'''The Fall of Turgon's Tower''' Gondolin is a fictional city in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, inhabited by Elves.
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Gondor
Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth by the end of the Third Age.
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Gothic language
Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.
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Grammatical case
Case is a special grammatical category of a noun, pronoun, adjective, participle or numeral whose value reflects the grammatical function performed by that word in a phrase, clause or sentence.
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Grammatical conjugation
In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar).
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Greenwood Publishing Group
ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.
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History of Arda
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the history of the fictional universe of Eä began when the Ainur entered Arda, following the creation events in the Ainulindalë and long ages of labour throughout Eä, the universe.
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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an educational and trade publisher in the United States.
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Humphrey Carpenter
Humphrey William Bouverie Carpenter (29 April 1946 – 4 January 2005) was an English biographer, writer, and radio broadcaster.
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Hungarian phonology
The phonology of the Hungarian language is notable for its process of vowel harmony, the frequent occurrence of geminate consonants and the presence of otherwise uncommon palatal stops.
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Ilkorin
Ilkorin (plural Ilkorindi) is a Quenya word, literally meaning "not of Kôr".
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Inflection
In grammar, inflection or inflexion – sometimes called accidence – is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood.
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Instrumental case
The instrumental case (abbreviated or) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action.
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Intensive pronoun
An intensive pronoun adds emphasis to a statement; for example, "I did it myself." While English intensive pronouns (e.g., myself, yourself, himself,herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) use the same form as reflexive pronouns, an intensive pronoun is different from a reflexive because the pronoun can be removed without altering the meaning of the sentence.
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International auxiliary language
An international auxiliary language (sometimes abbreviated as IAL or auxlang) or interlanguage is a language meant for communication between people from different nations who do not share a common first language.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
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J. R. R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, (Tolkien pronounced his surname, see his phonetic transcription published on the illustration in The Return of the Shadow: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part One. Christopher Tolkien. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988. (The History of Middle-earth; 6). In General American the surname is also pronounced. This pronunciation no doubt arose by analogy with such words as toll and polka, or because speakers of General American realise as, while often hearing British as; thus or General American become the closest possible approximation to the Received Pronunciation for many American speakers. Wells, John. 1990. Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow: Longman, 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion.
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J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
J.
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Kalevala
The Kalevala (Finnish Kalevala) is a 19th-century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology.
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Kent State University
Kent State University (KSU) is a large, primarily residential, public research university in Kent, Ohio, United States.
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King Edward's School, Birmingham
King Edward's School (KES) is an independent day school for boys in Edgbaston, an area of Birmingham, England.
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Klingon language
The Klingon language (tlhIngan Hol,, in pIqaD), sometimes called Klingonese, is the constructed language spoken by the fictional Klingons in the Star Trek universe.
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Kven language
The Kven language (kvääni or kväänin kieli; kainu or kainun kieli) is a Finnish dialect spoken in northern Norway by the Kven people.
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Labial consonant
Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.
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Language family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family.
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Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
The philologist and author J. R. R. Tolkien created a number of constructed languages.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latin script
Latin or Roman script is a set of graphic signs (script) based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, which is derived from a form of the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet, used by the Etruscans.
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Latin spelling and pronunciation
Latin spelling, or Latin orthography, is the spelling of Latin words written in the scripts of all historical phases of Latin from Old Latin to the present.
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Lexicon
A lexicon, word-hoard, wordbook, or word-stock is the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).
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Lindon (Middle-earth)
Lindon is the land beyond the Ered Luin, the Blue Mountains, in the northwest of Middle-earth in the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien.
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Liquid consonant
In phonetics, liquids or liquid consonants are a class of consonants consisting of lateral consonants like 'l' together with rhotics like 'r'.
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List of kings of Gondor
This is a list of the ruling kings of Gondor, one of the realms in Middle-earth in the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien.
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List of Middle-earth Elves
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Elves are one of the races that inhabit a fictional Earth, often called Middle-earth, and set in the remote past.
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List of rulers of Númenor
The following is a list of the twenty-five rulers of Númenor, an island realm in J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional universe.
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Loanword
A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation.
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Locative case
Locative (abbreviated) is a grammatical case which indicates a location.
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Man (Middle-earth)
In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fiction, such as The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, the terms Man and Men refer to humankind – in contrast to Elves, Dwarves, Orcs, and other humanoid races – and does not denote gender.
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Marc Okrand
Marc Okrand (born July 3, 1948) is an American linguist.
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Middle-earth
Middle-earth is the fictional setting of much of British writer J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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Middle-earth calendar
J. R. R. Tolkien invented a number of calendars for his legendarium.
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Middle-earth objects
J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy legendarium includes several noteworthy objects.
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Middle-earth wars and battles
J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings include many wars and battles set in the lands of Aman, Beleriand, Númenor, and Middle-earth.
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Minor places in Arda
The stories of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium contain references to numerous places.
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Morgoth
Morgoth Bauglir (originally Melkor) is a character from Tolkien's legendarium.
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Mythopoeic Society
The Mythopoeic Society (MythSoc) is a non-profit organization devoted to the study of mythopoeic literature, particularly the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams, and C. S. Lewis, all members of The Inklings, an informal group of writers who met weekly in C.S. Lewis’ rooms at Magdalen College, Oxford, from the early 1930s through late 1949.
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Namárië
"Namárië" is a poem by J. R. R. Tolkien written in Quenya, a constructed language, and published for the first time in The Lord of the Rings (The Fellowship of the Ring, Book 2, Chapter "Farewell to Lórien").
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Nandor (Middle-earth)
In the fictional world of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Nandor (singular Nando) were Elves of the Teleri, the third clan of Elves.
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Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive, nasal stop in contrast with a nasal fricative, or nasal continuant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
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Nírnaeth Arnoediad
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium of Middle-earth, the (Dagor) Nírnaeth Arnoediad (in later Sindarin rather) or (Battle of) Unnumbered Tears was the climactic Fifth Battle in the Wars of Beleriand.
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Númenor
Númenor, also called Elenna-nórë or Westernesse, is a fictional place in English author J. R. R. Tolkien's writings.
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Noldor
In the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Noldor (also spelled Ñoldor, meaning those with knowledge in Quenya) are High Elves of the Second Clan who migrated to Valinor and lived in Eldamar.
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Nominative case
The nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments.
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North Germanic languages
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.
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Noun
A noun (from Latin nōmen, literally meaning "name") is a word that functions as the name of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.
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Old English
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
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Old Norse
Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements from about the 9th to the 13th century.
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Open vowel
An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.
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Open-mid vowel
An open-mid vowel (also mid-open vowel, low-mid vowel, mid-low vowel or half-open vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.
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Ordinal number
In set theory, an ordinal number, or ordinal, is one generalization of the concept of a natural number that is used to describe a way to arrange a collection of objects in order, one after another.
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Outline of Middle-earth
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide about Tolkien's fantasy universe: Middle-earth – fictional setting of the majority of author J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy writings.
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Palatal approximant
The voiced palatal approximant is a type of consonant used in many spoken languages.
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Palatal consonant
Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).
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Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is an international academic and trade publishing company.
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Penult
Penult is a linguistics term for the second to last syllable of a word.
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Phonology
Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages.
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Phonotactics
Phonotactics (from Ancient Greek phōnḗ "voice, sound" and tacticós "having to do with arranging") is a branch of phonology that deals with restrictions in a language on the permissible combinations of phonemes.
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Plurale tantum
A plurale tantum (Latin for "plural only", plural form: pluralia tantum) is a noun that appears only in the plural form and does not have a singular variant for referring to a single object.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Possessive
A possessive form (abbreviated) is a word or grammatical construction used to indicate a relationship of possession in a broad sense.
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Preposition and postposition
Prepositions and postpositions, together called adpositions (or broadly, in English, simply prepositions), are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, before) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
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Primitive Quendian
Primitive Quendian (Quenya: Quenderin) is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien.
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Pronoun
In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (abbreviated) is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase.
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Proto-Indo-European phonology
The phonology of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) has been reconstructed by linguists, based on the similarities and differences among current and extinct Indo-European languages.
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Proto-language
A proto-language, in the tree model of historical linguistics, is a language, usually hypothetical or reconstructed, and usually unattested, from which a number of attested known languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family.
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Quenta Silmarillion
Quenta Silmarillion is a collection of fictional legends written by the high fantasy writer J. R. R. Tolkien, and published after the author's death in The Silmarillion, together with four shorter stories.
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Register (sociolinguistics)
In linguistics, a register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting.
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Relative articulation
In phonetics and phonology, relative articulation is description of the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound relative to some reference point.
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Religious text
Religious texts (also known as scripture, or scriptures, from the Latin scriptura, meaning "writing") are texts which religious traditions consider to be central to their practice or beliefs.
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Robert Jordan
James Oliver Rigney Jr. (October 17, 1948 – September 16, 2007), better known by his pen name Robert Jordan,"Robert Jordan" was the name of the protagonist in the 1940 Hemingway novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, though this is not how the name was chosen according to a. was an American author of epic fantasy.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Sarati
Sarati is an artificial script created by J. R. R. Tolkien.
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Saruman
Saruman the White is a fictional character and a major antagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings.
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Sauron
Sauron is the title character and main antagonist of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.
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Second language
A person's second language or L2, is a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person.
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Semivowel
In phonetics and phonology, a semivowel or glide, also known as a non-syllabic vocoid, is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary, rather than as the nucleus of a syllable.
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Shelob
Shelob is a fictional giant spider from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.
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Silmaril
The Silmarils (Quenya pl. Silmarilli, radiance of pure light) are three fictional brilliant jewels composed of the unmarred light of the Two Trees in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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Sindar
In the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, the fictional Sindar (meaning Grey People, singular Sinda, although the latter term was not generally used by Tolkien) are Elves of Telerin descent.
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Sindarin
Sindarin is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien for use in his fantasy stories set in Arda, primarily in Middle-earth.
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Sound change
Sound change includes any processes of language change that affect pronunciation (phonetic change) or sound system structures (phonological change).
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Sound symbolism
In linguistics, sound symbolism, phonesthesia or phonosemantics is the idea that vocal sounds or phonemes carry meaning in and of themselves.
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Star Trek
Star Trek is an American media franchise based on the science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry.
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Stop consonant
In phonetics, a stop, also known as a plosive or oral occlusive, is a consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.
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Stress (linguistics)
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word, or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.
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Subject–verb–object
In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third.
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Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix (sometimes termed postfix) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.
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Sundering of the Elves
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the Elves are a sundered (divided) people.
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Syllable weight
In linguistics, syllable weight is the concept that syllables pattern together according to the number and/or duration of segments in the rime.
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Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, usually including word order.
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Synthetic language
In linguistic typology, a synthetic language is a language with a high morpheme-per-word ratio, as opposed to a low morpheme-per-word ratio in what is described as an analytic language.
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Taliska
Taliska is a constructed language devised by fantasy writer J. R. R. Tolkien.
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Teleri
In the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Teleri, Those who come last in Quenya (singular Teler) were the third of the Elf clans who came to Aman.
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Telerin
Telerin (Lindalambë) is a constructed language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien.
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Tengwar
The tengwar are an artificial script created by J. R. R. Tolkien.
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The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide (2006) by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull, following their 2005 The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion is a two-volume work of reference on J. R. R. Tolkien and Tolkien studies.
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The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien is a selection of J. R. R. Tolkien's letters published in 1981, edited by Tolkien's biographer Humphrey Carpenter assisted by Christopher Tolkien.
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The Lord of the Rings
The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien.
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The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays
The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays is a collection of J. R. R. Tolkien's scholarly linguistic essays edited by his son Christopher and published posthumously in 1983.
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The Silmarillion
The Silmarillion (pronounced: /sɪlmaˈrɪljɔn/) is a collection of mythopoeic works by English writer J. R. R. Tolkien, edited and published posthumously by his son, Christopher Tolkien, in 1977, with assistance from Guy Gavriel Kay.
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The War of the Jewels
The War of the Jewels (1994) is the 11th volume of Christopher Tolkien's series The History of Middle-earth, analysing the unpublished manuscripts of his father J. R. R. Tolkien.
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The Wheel of Time
The Wheel of Time is a series of high fantasy novels written by American author James Oliver Rigney, Jr., under his pen name of Robert Jordan.
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Thingol
Elu Thingol (Y.T. ≥1050–Y.S. 502; died aged c.4814) is a fictional character in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.
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Timeline of Arda
This article includes several chronologies relating to J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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Tirion
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Tirion upon Túna was the city of the Noldor (and earlier, the Vanyar, who later moved into Valinor's interior) in Valinor.
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Tolkien's legendarium
Tolkien's legendarium is the body of J. R. R. Tolkien's mythopoetic writing that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings.
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Tree model
In historical linguistics, the tree model (also Stammbaum, genetic, or cladistic model) is a model of the evolution of languages analogous to the concept of a family tree, particularly a phylogenetic tree in the biological evolution of species.
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Treebeard
Treebeard (Sindarin: Fangorn) is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings.
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Trill consonant
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.
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Two Trees of Valinor
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the Two Trees of Valinor are Telperion and Laurelin, the Silver Tree and the Gold Tree that brought light to the Land of the Valar in ancient times.
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Ultima (linguistics)
In linguistics, the ultima is the last syllable of a word, the penult is the next-to-last syllable, and the antepenult is third-from-last syllable.
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University of Bergen
The University of Bergen (Universitetet i Bergen) is a public university located in Bergen, Norway.
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University of Turku
The University of Turku (in Finnish Turun yliopisto, in Swedish Åbo universitet, shortened in UTU), located in Turku in southwestern Finland (EU), is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrollment, after University of Helsinki.
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Utopia
A utopia is an imagined community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for its citizens.
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Vala (Middle-earth)
The Valar (singular Vala) are characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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Valinor
Valinor (Land of the Valar) is a fictional location in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the realm of the Valar in Aman.
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Vanyar
In the fictional universe, or legendarium, described in the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Vanyar are the fairest and most noble of the High Elves.
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Varda
Varda Elentári is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
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Velar consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum).
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Velar nasal
The velar nasal, also known as agma, from the Greek word for fragment, is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Verb
A verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).
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Vernacular
A vernacular, or vernacular language, is the language or variety of a language used in everyday life by the common people of a specific population.
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Vocal folds
The vocal folds, also known commonly as vocal cords or voice reeds, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally, from back to front, across the larynx.
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Voiced bilabial stop
The voiced bilabial stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced dental and alveolar stops
The voiced alveolar stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced labio-velar approximant
The voiced labio-velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in certain spoken languages, including English.
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Voiced velar stop
The voiced velar stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless alveolar fricative
A voiceless alveolar fricative is a type of fricative consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth.
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Voiceless alveolar trill
A voiceless alveolar trill differs from the voiced alveolar trill only by the vibrations of the vocal cord.
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Voiceless bilabial stop
The voiceless bilabial stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages.
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Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless dental and alveolar stops
The voiceless alveolar stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages.
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Voiceless glottal fricative
The voiceless glottal fricative, sometimes called voiceless glottal transition, and sometimes called the aspirate, is a type of sound used in some spoken languages that patterns like a fricative or approximant consonant phonologically, but often lacks the usual phonetic characteristics of a consonant.
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Voiceless labialized velar approximant
The voiceless labialized velar (labiovelar) approximant (traditionally called a voiceless labiovelar fricative) is a type of consonantal sound, used in spoken languages.
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Voiceless labiodental fricative
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a number of spoken languages.
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Voiceless palatal fricative
The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless velar fricative
The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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Voiceless velar stop
The voiceless velar stop or voiceless velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages.
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Voronwë
In Tolkien's The Silmarillion, Voronwë (pronounced) was a Noldorin Elf from Gondolin.
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Vowel
A vowel is one of the two principal classes of speech sound, the other being a consonant.
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Vowel harmony
Vowel harmony is a type of long-distance assimilatory phonological process involving vowels that occurs in some languages.
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Vowel length
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound.
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White Tree of Gondor
In J. R. R. Tolkien's high fantasy universe of Middle-earth, the White Tree of Gondor stood as a symbol of Gondor in the Court of the Fountain in Minas Tirith.
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Yavanna
Yavanna is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, written about in The Silmarillion.
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Zero copula
Zero copula is a linguistic phenomenon whereby the subject is joined to the predicate without overt marking of this relationship (like the copula 'to be' in English).
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Redirects here:
High-elven, ISO 639:qya, JRR Tolkien/Quenya, QYA, Qenya, Quenya language, Valinorean.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenya
