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59 relations: Adenosine, Adenosine A1 receptor, Adenosine receptor, Adenylyl cyclase, Allosteric modulator, Allosteric regulation, Alpha helix, Aminophylline, ATL-444, Basal ganglia, Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, Bradycardia, Caffeine, Cancer immunotherapy, Cannabinoid receptor type 1, Cardiac arrest, Cardiac muscle, CGS-21680, Chimeric antigen receptor, Circulatory system, Coronary circulation, CTLA-4, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Dopamine receptor D2, Dopamine receptor D3, FOXP3, G protein, G protein–coupled receptor, Gene, Heteromer, HIF1A, Immune checkpoint, Immunosuppression, Inflammation, Istradefylline, Ligand (biochemistry), Limonene, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, Monoclonal antibody, Parkinson's disease, Platelet, Preladenant, Programmed cell death protein 1, Protein Data Bank, Protein–protein interaction, Randomized controlled trial, Receptor antagonist, Regadenoson, Rhodopsin, Riboside, ..., SCH-442,416, SCH-58261, T cell, T helper cell, Transforming growth factor beta superfamily, UK-432,097, Vasodilation, Zeatin, ZM-241,385. Expand index (9 more) »
Adenosine
Adenosine is both a chemical found in many living systems and a medication.
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Adenosine A1 receptor
The adenosine A1 receptor is one member of the adenosine receptor group of G protein-coupled receptors with adenosine as endogenous ligand.
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Adenosine receptor
The adenosine receptors (or P1 receptors) are a class of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors with adenosine as endogenous ligand.
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Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase (also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylate cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.
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Allosteric modulator
In biochemistry and pharmacology, an allosteric modulator (allo- from the Greek meaning "other") is a substance which indirectly influences (modulates) the effects of a primary ligand that directly activates or deactivates the function of a target protein.
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Allosteric regulation
In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
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Alpha helix
The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.
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Aminophylline
Aminophylline is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio.
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ATL-444
ATL-444 is a drug which acts as a potent and reasonably selective antagonist for the adenosine receptors A1 and A2A.
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Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain.
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Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2 adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB2, is a cell membrane-spanning beta-adrenergic receptor that interacts with (binds) epinephrine, a hormone and neurotransmitter (ligand synonym, adrenaline) whose signaling, via a downstream L-type calcium channel interaction, mediates physiologic responses such as smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a condition wherein an individual has a very slow heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.
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Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.
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Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (sometimes called immuno-oncology, abbreviated IO) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer.
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Cannabinoid receptor type 1
The cannabinoid type 1 receptor, often abbreviated as CB1, is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor located in the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump.
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Cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is one of the three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle.
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CGS-21680
CGS-21680 is a specific adenosine A2A subtype receptor agonist.
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Chimeric antigen receptor
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs, also known as chimeric immunoreceptors, chimeric T cell receptors or artificial T cell receptors) are engineered receptors that combine a new specificity with an immune cell to target cancer cells.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Coronary circulation
Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle (myocardium).
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CTLA-4
CTLA4 or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that, functioning as an immune checkpoint, downregulates immune responses.
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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes.
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Dopamine receptor D2
Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.
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Dopamine receptor D3
Dopamine receptor D3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD3 gene.
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FOXP3
FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), also known as scurfin, is a protein involved in immune system responses.
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G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
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G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Heteromer
A heteromer is something that consists of different parts.
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HIF1A
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that is encoded by the HIF1A gene.
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Immune checkpoint
Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system.
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Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Istradefylline
Istradefylline (KW-6002) is a selective antagonist at the A2A receptor.
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Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
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Limonene
Limonene is a clear, colorless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.
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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the GRM5 gene.
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Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Platelet
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
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Preladenant
Preladenant (SCH 420814) was a drug that was developed by Schering-Plough which acted as a potent and selective antagonist at the adenosine A2A receptor.
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Programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1, also known as PD-1 and CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is a protein found on the surface of cells that has a role in regulating the immune system's response to the cells of the human body by down-regulating the immune system and promoting self tolerance by suppressing T cell inflammatory activity.
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Protein Data Bank
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a crystallographic database for the three-dimensional structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
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Protein–protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by electrostatic forces including the hydrophobic effect.
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Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a type of scientific (often medical) experiment which aims to reduce bias when testing a new treatment.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Regadenoson
Regadenoson (CVT-3146, Lexiscan) is an A2A adenosine receptor agonist that is a coronary vasodilator that is commonly used in pharmacologic stress testing.
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Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin (also known as visual purple) is a light-sensitive receptor protein involved in visual phototransduction.
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Riboside
A riboside is any glycoside of ribose.
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SCH-442,416
SCH-442,416 is a highly selective adenosine A2a subtype receptor antagonist.
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SCH-58261
SCH-58261 is a drug which acts as a potent and selective antagonist for the adenosine receptor A2A, with more than 50x selectivity for A2A over other adenosine receptors.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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T helper cell
The T helper cells (Th cells) are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system.
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Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally described in 1983.
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UK-432,097
UK-432,097 is a drug developed by Pfizer for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which acts as a potent and selective agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor.
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Vasodilation
Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels.
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Zeatin
Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine.
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ZM-241,385
ZM-241,385 is a high affinity antagonist ligand selective for the adenosine A2A receptor.
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A2A receptor, A2A-adenosine receptor, ADORA2, ADORA2A, ADORA2A (gene), Adenosine A2a receptor, Adenosine receptor A2a, Adora2, HA2aR, Ha2ar, RDC8, Rdc8.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_A2A_receptor
