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149 relations: Adverse drug reaction, Antigen, Asymptomatic, Bacteria, Base pair, Blood sugar level, Bowel obstruction, Brush border, Calcium, Calcium in biology, Capping enzyme, Capsid, Cell culture, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chloride, Clinical trial, Coding region, Cytokine, Dehydration, Developing country, Diarrhea, Diosmectite, Disaccharidase, Disaccharide, Double-stranded RNA viruses, Duodenum, EIF2, Electrolyte, Electron microscope, ELISA, Endemic (epidemiology), Endocytosis, Endoplasmic reticulum, Endosome, Enteric nervous system, Enterochromaffin cell, Enterocyte, Enterotoxin, Enzyme, Epithelium, Estuary, Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F, Family (biology), Fecal–oral route, Fever, Five-prime cap, Gastroenteritis, Gastrointestinal tract, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Gene, ..., Genome, Genus, Glycoprotein, Guanylyltransferase, Human feces, Immunity (medical), Immunodeficiency, Incubation period, Influenza, Innate immune system, Integrin, Interferon, Interferon regulatory factors, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Intestinal villus, Intravenous therapy, Intussusception (medical disorder), Jean Cohen, Lactase, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactose, Lysis, Macrophage, Mainland China, Malabsorption, Mammal, Management of dehydration, Medical diagnosis, Membrane transport protein, Messenger RNA, Nasogastric intubation, Natural killer cell, Nausea, NSP1 (rotavirus), NSP2 (rotavirus), NSP3 (rotavirus), NSP4 (rotavirus), NSP5 (rotavirus), NSP6 (rotavirus), Nuclease, Nucleic acid, Offspring, Open reading frame, Oral rehydration therapy, Parasitism, PATH (global health organization), Pathogen, Poly(A)-binding protein, Polyadenylation, Polymerase chain reaction, Post-transcriptional modification, Probiotic, Protease, Proteasome, Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Protein trimer, Public health, Racecadotril, Reassortment, Receptor (biochemistry), Reflex, Reoviridae, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA, RNA interference, RNA polymerase, RNA-binding protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Rotavirus vaccine, Ruth Bishop, Saccharomyces boulardii, Sanitation, Secretion, Sedoreovirinae, Serotonin, Serotype, Simian, Small interfering RNA, Small intestine, Sodium-glucose transport proteins, Species, Statistical significance, Thomas Henry Flewett, Titer, Toll-like receptor, Truncated icosahedron, Trypsin, Unified atomic mass unit, Vaccination, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Viral envelope, Viral nonstructural protein, Viroplasm, Viroporin, Virulence, Virus, Vomiting, Zinc. Expand index (99 more) »
Adverse drug reaction
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking a medication.
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Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Asymptomatic
In medicine, a disease is considered asymptomatic if a patient is a carrier for a disease or infection but experiences no symptoms.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
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Blood sugar level
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals.
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Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion.
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Brush border
A brush border (striated border or brush border membrane) is the microvilli-covered surface of simple cuboidal epithelium and simple columnar epithelium cells found in certain locations of the body.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Calcium in biology
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a vital role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell.
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Capping enzyme
A capping enzyme (CE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the process of being synthesized in the cell nucleus during the first stages of gene expression.
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Capsid
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus.
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Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.
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Chloride
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the CDS (from CoDing Sequence), is that portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for protein.
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Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.
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Dehydration
In physiology, dehydration is a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes.
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Developing country
A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Diosmectite
Diosmectite (brand names Smecta, Smecdral) is a natural silicate of aluminium and magnesium used as an intestinal adsorbent in the treatment of several gastrointestinal diseases.
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Disaccharidase
Disaccharidases are glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down certain types of sugars called disaccharides into simpler sugars called monosaccharides.
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Disaccharide
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or bivose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are joined by glycosidic linkage.
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Double-stranded RNA viruses
Double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses are a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve) and virion organization (T-number, capsid layers or turrets).
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Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
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EIF2
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2) is a eukaryotic initiation factor.
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Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.
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Electron microscope
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.
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ELISA
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.
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Endemic (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic (from Greek ἐν en "in, within" and δῆμος demos "people") in a population when that infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external inputs.
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a form of bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Endosome
In cell biology, an endosome is a membrane-bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells.
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Enteric nervous system
The enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Enterochromaffin cell
Enterochromaffin (EC) cells (also known as Kulchitsky cells), discovered by Nikolai Kulchitsky of Karazin Kharkiv National University.
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Enterocyte
Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells found in the small intestine.
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Enterotoxin
An enterotoxin is a protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Estuary
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
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Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) is a heterotrimeric protein complex that binds the 5' cap of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to promote eukaryotic translation initiation.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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Fecal–oral route
The fecal–oral route (or oral–fecal route or fecal oral route) describes a particular route of transmission of a disease.
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Fever
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.
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Five-prime cap
In molecular biology, the five-prime cap (5′ cap) is a specially altered nucleotide on the 5′ end of some primary transcripts such as precursor messenger RNA.
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Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract -- the stomach and small intestine.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi for short; previously the GAVI Alliance, and before that the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization) is a public–private global health partnership committed to increasing access to immunisation in poor countries.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Glycoprotein
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.
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Guanylyltransferase
Guanylyl transferases are enzymes that transfer a guanosine mono phosphate group, usually from GTP to another molecule, releasing pyrophosphate.
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Human feces
Human feces (or faeces in British English; fæx) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, but has been rotted down by bacteria in the large intestine.
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Immunity (medical)
In biology, immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defenses to fight infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion, while having adequate tolerance to avoid allergy, and autoimmune diseases.
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Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.
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Incubation period
Incubation period is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical, or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent.
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Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
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Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the non-specific immune system or in-born immunity system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms involved in the defense of the host from infection by other organisms.
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Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.
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Interferon
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells.
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Interferon regulatory factors
Interferon regulatory factors are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression).
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International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclatures for viruses.
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Intestinal villus
Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Intussusception (medical disorder)
Intussusception is a medical condition in which a part of the intestine folds into the section next to it.
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Jean Cohen
Jean Cohen (1941 – 2004 in Paris) was a French scientist, known for his studies on rotaviruses.
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Lactase
Lactase is an enzyme produced by many organisms.
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a bacterium that originally was considered to be a subspecies of L. casei, but later genetic research found it to be a species of its own.
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Lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide.
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Lysis
Lysis (Greek λύσις lýsis, "a loosing" from λύειν lýein, "to unbind") refers to the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.
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Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
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Mainland China
Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
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Malabsorption
Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Management of dehydration
The management of dehydration typically involves the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS).
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Medical diagnosis
Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx or DS) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs.
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Membrane transport protein
A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Nasogastric intubation
Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach.
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Natural killer cell
Natural killer cells or NK cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system.
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Nausea
Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.
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NSP1 (rotavirus)
NSP1, the product of rotavirus gene 5, is an nonstructural RNA-binding protein that contains a cysteine-rich region and is a component of early replication intermediates.
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NSP2 (rotavirus)
NSP2, is a rotavirus nonstructural RNA-binding protein that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions (viroplasms) and is required for genome replication.
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NSP3 (rotavirus)
Rotavirus protein NSP3 (NS34) is bound to the 3' end consensus sequence of viral mRNAs in infected cells.
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NSP4 (rotavirus)
The rotavirus nonstructural protein NSP4 was the first viral enterotoxin discovered.
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NSP5 (rotavirus)
NSP5 (nonstructural protein 5) encoded by genome segment 11 of group A rotaviruses.
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NSP6 (rotavirus)
Gene 11 of Rotavirus encodes a nonstructural protein, NSP5 and also encodes NSP6, from an out of phase open reading frame.
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Nuclease
A nuclease (also archaically known as nucleodepolymerase or polynucleotidase) is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between monomers of nucleic acids.
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Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life.
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Offspring
In biology, offspring are the young born of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms.
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Open reading frame
In molecular genetics, an open reading frame (ORF) is the part of a reading frame that has the ability to be translated.
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Oral rehydration therapy
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially that due to diarrhea.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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PATH (global health organization)
PATH (formerly the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health) is an international, nonprofit global health organization based in Seattle, with 1,600 employees in more than 70+ offices around the world.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Poly(A)-binding protein
Poly(A)-binding protein (PAB or PABP) is a RNA-binding protein which binds to the poly(A) tail of mRNA.
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Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA.
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Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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Post-transcriptional modification
Post-transcriptional modification or Co-transcriptional modification is the process in eukaryotic cells where primary transcript RNA is converted into mature RNA.
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Probiotic
Probiotics are microorganisms that are claimed to provide health benefits when consumed.
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Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
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Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.
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Protein trimer
In biochemistry, a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids.
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Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".
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Racecadotril
Racecadotril, also known as acetorphan, is an antidiarrheal drug which acts as a peripherally acting enkephalinase inhibitor.
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Reassortment
Reassortment is the mixing of the genetic material of a species into new combinations in different individuals.
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Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.
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Reflex
A reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
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Reoviridae
Reoviridae is a family of viruses.
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Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a variant of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is a technique commonly used in molecular biology to detect RNA expression.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.
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RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase (ribonucleic acid polymerase), both abbreviated RNAP or RNApol, official name DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is a member of a family of enzymes that are essential to life: they are found in all organisms (-species) and many viruses.
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RNA-binding protein
RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes.
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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), (RDR), or RNA replicase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template.
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Rotavirus vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections.
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Ruth Bishop
Ruth Frances Bishop (born 12 May 1933)Who's Who in Australia, ConnectWeb, 2013.
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Saccharomyces boulardii
Saccharomyces boulardii is a tropical species of yeast first isolated from lychee and mangosteen fruit in 1923 by French scientist Henri Boulard.
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Sanitation
Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage.
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Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
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Sedoreovirinae
Sedoreovirinae (sedo.
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals.
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Simian
The simians (infraorder Simiiformes) are monkeys and apes, cladistically including: the New World monkeys or platyrrhines, and the catarrhine clade consisting of the Old World monkeys and apes (including humans).
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Small interfering RNA
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs in length, similar to miRNA, and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
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Small intestine
The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.
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Sodium-glucose transport proteins
Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST).
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Thomas Henry Flewett
Thomas Henry Flewett, MD, FRCPath, FRCP (29 June 1922 – 12 December 2006) was a founder member (and subsequently Fellow) of the Royal College of Pathologists and was elected (by distinction) a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1978.
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Titer
A titer (or titre) is a way of expressing concentration.
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Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system.
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Truncated icosahedron
In geometry, the truncated icosahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of 13 convex isogonal nonprismatic solids whose faces are two or more types of regular polygons.
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Trypsin
Trypsin is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins.
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Unified atomic mass unit
The unified atomic mass unit or dalton (symbol: u, or Da) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass).
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Vaccination
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.
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Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a small structure within a cell, or extracellular, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
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Viral envelope
Some viruses (e.g. HIV and many animal viruses) have viral envelopes covering their protective protein capsids.
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Viral nonstructural protein
In virology, a nonstructural protein is a protein encoded by a virus but that is not part of the viral particle.
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Viroplasm
A viroplasm is an inclusion body in a cell where viral replication and assembly occurs.
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Viroporin
Viroporins are small and usually hydrophobic multifunctional viral proteins that modify cellular membranes, thereby facilitating virus release from infected cells.
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Virulence
Virulence is a pathogen's or microbe's ability to infect or damage a host.
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Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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RV-A, RV-B, RV-D, RV-E, Rotaviral, Rotavirus A, Rotavirus B, Rotavirus C, Rotavirus D, Rotavirus E, Rotavirus F, Rotavirus G, Rotavirus H, Rotavirus infections, Rotovirus, Stellavirus.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirus
