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98 relations: Acyl-protein thioesterase, Adenylyl cyclase, Alpha helix, Amino acid, Animal, Apoptosis, Arfaptin, Beta sheet, Cancer, Cdc25, Cell (biology), Cell adhesion, Cell growth, Cell membrane, Cell migration, Cellular differentiation, Conformational change, Cytoskeleton, DIRAS3 (gene), Edward Scolnick, Effector (biology), Endocytosis, Endoplasmic reticulum, Farnesyltransferase, Farnesyltransferase inhibitor, G protein, GEM (gene), Geoffrey M. Cooper, Golgi apparatus, GTPase, GTPase-activating protein, Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Guanosine, Guanosine diphosphate, Guanosine triphosphate, Herpes simplex virus, Heterotrimeric G protein, HRAS, Hydrolysis, ICMT, Institute of Cancer Research, Ion, KRAS, Magnesium in biology, MAPK/ERK pathway, Mariano Barbacid, Metastasis, Methyltransferase, Michael Wigler, MRAS, ..., Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, Neurofibromatosis, Neurofibromin 1, NKIRAS2, Nucleophile, Nucleotide, Oncogene, Palmitoylation, Pancreatic cancer, Pfam, Phosphate, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Prenylation, Protein Data Bank, Protein family, Protein splicing, PTPN11, RALA, RALB, RAP1A, RAP1B, RAP2A, RAP2B, Ras superfamily, RASD1, RASD2, RasGEF domain, RASL11B, RCE1, Reolysin, Reoviridae, RERG, Robert Weinberg, Robin Weiss, RRAD, RRAS, RRAS2, Sarcoma, Secretion, Signal transduction, Small GTPase, Son of Sevenless, Stuart A. Aaronson, Transcription (biology), Tumor suppressor, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Walker motifs. Expand index (48 more) »
Acyl-protein thioesterase
Acyl-protein thioesterases are enzymes that cleave off lipid modifications on proteins, located on the sulfur atom of cysteine residues linked via a thioester bond.
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Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase (also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylate cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.
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Alpha helix
The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Arfaptin
In molecular biology, the arfaptin domain is a protein domain which interacts with ARF1, a small GTPase involved in vesicle budding at the Golgi complex and immature secretory granules.
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Beta sheet
The β-sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Cdc25
Cdc25 is a dual-specificity phosphatase first isolated from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a cell cycle defective mutant.
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
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Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
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Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.
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Conformational change
In biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors.
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Cytoskeleton
A cytoskeleton is present in all cells of all domains of life (archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes).
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DIRAS3 (gene)
GTP-binding protein Di-Ras3 (DIRAS3) also known as aplysia ras homology member I (ARHI) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIRAS3 gene.
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Edward Scolnick
Edward Scolnick is a core investigator at the Broad Institute, the former founding director of the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute, and former head of research and development at Merck Research Laboratories.
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Effector (biology)
In biochemistry, an effector molecule is usually a small molecule that selectively binds to a protein and regulates its biological activity.
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a form of bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Farnesyltransferase
Farnesyltransferase is one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group.
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Farnesyltransferase inhibitor
The farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) are a class of experimental cancer drugs that target protein farnesyltransferase with the downstream effect of preventing the proper functioning of the Ras (protein), which is commonly abnormally active in cancer.
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G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
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GEM (gene)
GTP-binding protein GEM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEM gene.
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Geoffrey M. Cooper
Geoffrey M. Cooper is professor of biology at Boston University.
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Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
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GTPase
GTPases (singular GTPase) are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
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GTPase-activating protein
GTPase-activating proteins or GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) are a family of regulatory proteins whose members can bind to activated G proteins and stimulate their GTPase activity, with the result of terminating the signaling event.
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Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains that activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
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Guanosine
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
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Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate.
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Guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate.
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Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans.
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Heterotrimeric G protein
"G protein" usually refers to the membrane-associated heterotrimeric G proteins, sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins (as opposed to the subclass of smaller, monomeric small GTPases).
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HRAS
GTPase HRas also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HRAS gene.
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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ICMT
Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ICMT gene.
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Institute of Cancer Research
The Institute of Cancer Research (the ICR) is a public research institute and a constituent college of the University of London in London, United Kingdom, specialising in oncology.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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KRAS
KRAS (K-ras or Ki-ras) is a gene that acts as an on/off switch in cell signalling.
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Magnesium in biology
Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems.
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MAPK/ERK pathway
The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.
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Mariano Barbacid
Mariano Barbacid (born 4 October 1949 in Madrid) is a Spanish molecular biochemist who discovered the first oncogene.
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Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; it is typically spoken of as such spread by a cancerous tumor.
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Methyltransferase
Methyltransferases are a large group of enzymes that all methylate their substrates but can be split into several subclasses based on their structural features.
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Michael Wigler
Michael Howard Wigler (born September 3, 1947 in New York) is an American molecular biologist who has directed a laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory since 1978 and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
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MRAS
Ras-related protein M-Ras, also known as muscle RAS oncogene homolog and R-Ras3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRAS gene on chromosome 3.
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Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog
NRAS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NRAS gene.
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Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a group of three conditions in which tumors grow in the nervous system.
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Neurofibromin 1
Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) is a gene in humans that is located on chromosome 17.
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NKIRAS2
NF-κB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKIRAS2 gene.
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Nucleophile
Nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction.
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Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
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Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
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Palmitoylation
Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine and less frequently to serine and threonine residues of proteins, which are typically membrane proteins.
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Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.
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Pfam
Pfam is a database of protein families that includes their annotations and multiple sequence alignments generated using hidden Markov models.
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Phosphate
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (also called phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases, PI 3-kinases, PI(3)Ks, PI-3Ks or by the HUGO official stem symbol for the gene family, PI3K(s)) are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer.
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PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle.
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Prenylation
Prenylation (also known as isoprenylation or lipidation) is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein or chemical compound.
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Protein Data Bank
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a crystallographic database for the three-dimensional structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
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Protein family
A protein family is a group of evolutionarily-related proteins.
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Protein splicing
Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor protein with a ligation of C-terminal and N-terminal external proteins (called exteins) on both sides.
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PTPN11
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D), SHP-2, or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTP-2C) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN11 gene.
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RALA
Ras-related protein Ral-A (RalA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALA gene on chromosome 7.
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RALB
Ras-related protein Ral-B (RalB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALB gene on chromosome 2.
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RAP1A
Ras-related protein Rap-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1A gene.
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RAP1B
Ras-related protein Rap-1b, also known as GTP-binding protein smg p21B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1B gene.
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RAP2A
Ras-related protein Rap-2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2A gene.
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RAP2B
Ras-related protein Rap-2b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2B gene.
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Ras superfamily
The Ras superfamily is a protein superfamily of small GTPases.
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RASD1
Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (RASD1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASD1 gene on chromosome 17.
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RASD2
GTP-binding protein Rhes is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASD2 gene.
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RasGEF domain
RasGEF domain is domain found in the CDC25 family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Ras-like small GTPases.
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RASL11B
Ras-like protein family member 11B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASL11B gene.
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RCE1
CAAX prenyl protease 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RCE1 gene.
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Reolysin
REOLYSIN® (pelareorep; Wild-Type Reovirus; Serotype 3 Dearing; Oncolytics Biotech Inc.), is a proprietary isolate of the unmodified human reovirus (reovirus) being developed as a first-in-class systemically administered immuno-oncology viral agent for the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
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Reoviridae
Reoviridae is a family of viruses.
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RERG
RAS-like, estrogen-regulated, growth inhibitor is a protein in humans that is encoded by the RERG gene.
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Robert Weinberg
Robert Allan Weinberg (born November 11, 1942) is a biologist, Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), director of the Ludwig Center of the MIT, and American Cancer Society Research Professor.
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Robin Weiss
Robert Anthony "Robin" Weiss (born 20 February 1940) is a British molecular biologist, Professor of Viral Oncology at University College London and a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
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RRAD
GTP-binding protein RAD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAD gene.
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RRAS
Ras-related protein R-Ras is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAS gene.
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RRAS2
Ras-related protein R-Ras2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAS2 gene.
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Sarcoma
A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.
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Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Small GTPase
Small GTPases, also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
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Son of Sevenless
In cell signalling, Son of Sevenless (SOS) refers to a set of genes encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors that act on the Ras subfamily of small GTPases.
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Stuart A. Aaronson
Stuart A. Aaronson, M.D., is an American author and internationally recognized cancer biologist.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Tumor suppressor
A tumor suppressor gene, or antioncogene, is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer.
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Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a small structure within a cell, or extracellular, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
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Walker motifs
The Walker A and Walker B motifs are protein sequence motifs, known to have highly conserved three-dimensional structures.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_subfamily
