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34 relations: ACTH receptor, Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication), Afamelanotide, Agonist, Agouti signalling peptide, Agouti-related peptide, Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Alsactide, Beta-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, BMS-470539, Bremelanotide, Dominance (genetics), Endogeny (biology), G protein–coupled receptor, Gamma-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Inverse agonist, Ligand, Melanocortin, Melanocortin 1 receptor, Melanocortin 3 receptor, Melanocortin 4 receptor, Melanocortin 5 receptor, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Melanotan II, Modimelanotide, Obesity, Peptide synthesis, PF-00446687, PL-6983, Receptor antagonist, Rhodopsin, Semax, Setmelanotide, THIQ.
ACTH receptor
The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC2 receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH.
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone is used as a medication and as diagnostic agent in the ACTH stimulation test.
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Afamelanotide
Afamelanotide ((INN) (brand name Scenesse), also known as melanotan I (or melanotan-1), originally developed at the University of Arizona and now by Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals, is a synthetic peptide and analogue of the naturally occurring melanocortin peptide hormone α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that has been shown to induce the production of darkening dermal pigmentation through melanogenesis and thereby subsequently reduce sun (UV) damage to UV light-exposed skin in preliminary research and human clinical trials. Its amino acid sequence is Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, and it is additionally known as -α-MSH, which is sometimes abbreviated as NDP-MSH or NDP-α-MSH (especially in the scientific literature). Afamelanotide is the International Nonproprietary Name for the molecule α-MSH initially researched and developed as melanotan-1 and later, CUV1647 (by Clinuvel). A marketing trade name for one brand of afamelanotide was approved in 2010 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Name Review Group (NRG) and the agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) as Scenesse (pronounced "sen-esse"). On May 5, 2010 the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA, or Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) became the first governmental health organization ever (even before the drug received approval in Europe) to authorize afamelanotide as a medicine for therapeutic treatment of Italian citizens to reduce painful dermal photosensitivity stemming from the orphan disease erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). This approval allowed the drug to be immediately available for prescription in Italy and reimbursable under the country's national health system. Authorities in Switzerland have also allowed prescription of the drug for EPP with reimbursement approved by two unnamed insurers. Afamelanotide is currently being trialed in the form of a "grain of rice"-sized bioabsorbable subcutaneous implant as a potential therapeutic photoprotection-inducing agent for a series of light-related skin indications as well as a potential dermal repigmentation agent for vitiligo. Afamelanotide, as of October 24, 2014, has been approved by the EMA in Europe for the treatment of EPP. Clinuvel now intends to seek approval of afamelanotide in the United States. Unlicensed and untested powders sold as "melanotan" are found on the Internet and are reported to be used by tens of thousands of members of the general public for sunless tanning. Multiple regulatory bodies have warned consumers that the peptides may be unsafe and ineffective in usage, with one regulatory agency warning that consumers who purchase any product labeled "melanotan" risk buying a counterfeit drug. Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals, the developer of afamelanotide, and medical researchers have warned consumers that counterfeit products sold using the names "melanotan I and II", could "pose a hazard to public health". on counterfeit products. February 10, 2009. Clinuvel has stated publicly that products sold online as "melanotan" are not afamelanotide.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Agouti signalling peptide
Agouti signalling peptide, a product of the Agouti gene, is a peptide consisting of 131 amino acids.
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Agouti-related peptide
Agouti-related protein (AgRP), also called agouti-related peptide, is a neuropeptide produced in the brain by the AgRP/NPY neuron.
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Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone and neuropeptide of the melanocortin family, with a tridecapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2.
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Alsactide
Alsactide (INN) (brand name Synchrodyn 1-17 or simply Synchrodyn, former development code name Hoechst 433), also known as alisactide, is a synthetic peptide and analogue of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which is used in Italy as a diagnostic agent in kidney function for adrenal insufficiency.
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Beta-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
β-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone and neuropeptide.
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BMS-470539
BMS-470539 is a small-molecule experimental drug which acts as a potent and highly selective full agonist of the MC1 receptor.
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Bremelanotide
Bremelanotide (tentative brand name Rekynda; former developmental code name PT-141) is a peptide melanocortin receptor agonist which is under development by Palatin Technologies as a treatment for female sexual dysfunction.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.
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G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.
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Gamma-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
γ-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone and neuropeptide.
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Inverse agonist
In the field of pharmacology, an inverse agonist is an agent that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that agonist.
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Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
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Melanocortin
The melanocortins are a group of peptide hormones which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and are derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland.
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Melanocortin 1 receptor
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
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Melanocortin 3 receptor
Melanocortin receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene.
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Melanocortin 4 receptor
Melanocortin 4 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC4R gene.
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Melanocortin 5 receptor
Melanocortin receptor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene.
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
The melanocyte-stimulating hormones, known collectively as MSH, also known as melanotropins or intermedins, are a family of peptide hormones and neuropeptides consisting of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH), and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) that are produced by cells in the pars intermedia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
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Melanotan II
Melanotan II is a synthetic analogue of the peptide hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).
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Modimelanotide
Modimelanotide (INN) (code names AP-214, ABT-719, ZP-1480) is a melanocortinergic peptide drug derived from α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) which was under development by, at different times, Action Pharma, Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie, and Zealand for the treatment of acute kidney injury.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Peptide synthesis
In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds.
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PF-00446687
PF-00446687 is a drug developed by Pfizer for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, which is a non-peptide agonist selective for the melanocortin receptor subtype MC4.
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PL-6983
PL-6983 is a synthetic peptide and selective MC4 receptor agonist which is under development by Palatin Technologies for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin (also known as visual purple) is a light-sensitive receptor protein involved in visual phototransduction.
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Semax
Semax is a drug which is used mostly in Russia and Ukraine for a broad range of conditions but predominantly for its purported nootropic, neuroprotective, and neurogenic/neurorestorative properties.
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Setmelanotide
Setmelanotide (INN, USAN; development codes RM-493, BIM-22493, IRC-022493) is a peptide drug and investigational anti-obesity medication which acts as a selective agonist of the MC4 receptor.
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THIQ
THIQ is a drug used in scientific research, which is the first non-peptide agonist developed that is selective for the melanocortin receptor subtype MC4.
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Corticotropin receptor, Melanocortin receptors, Receptor, melanocortin, type 1, Receptor, melanocortin, type 2, Receptor, melanocortin, type 4, Receptors, melanocortin.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocortin_receptor
