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Red blood cell

Index Red blood cell

Red blood cells-- also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for "red" and kytos for "hollow vessel", with -cyte translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system. [1]

249 relations: ABO blood group system, ADD1, Adenosine triphosphate, Adrenergic receptor, Albumin, Altitude training, Anemia, Ankyrin, Antigen, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Aplastic anemia, Aquaporin 1, Arginine, Artery, Atherosclerosis, Autoimmune disease, Ötzi, Band 3, BCAM, Bicarbonate, Bilirubin, Biliverdin, Biomolecule, Blood, Blood bank, Blood cell, Blood donation, Blood doping, Blood film, Blood fractionation, Blood plasma, Blood substitute, Blood test, Blood transfusion, Blood type, Blood-borne disease, Blood–air barrier, Bone marrow, C-value, Calcium ATPase, Camel, Camelid, Capillary, Carbohydrate, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Carbonic anhydrase, Catecholamine, Cell (biology), Cell membrane, ..., Cell nucleus, Centrifugation, Channichthyidae, Chemokine, Chevrotain, Chloride potassium symporter, Cholesterol, Circulatory system, Colorimetry, Colton antigen system, Cross-matching, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Cytoplasm, Deer, Dehydroascorbic acid, Diego antigen system, Diffusion, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, DNA, Dog, Duffy antigen system, Embryo, Embryonic stem cell, Endoplasmic reticulum, Endothelium, Enzyme inhibitor, EPB41, EPB49, Erich Sackmann, Erythrocyte deformability, Erythrocyte fragility, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Erythropoiesis, Erythropoietin, Even-toed ungulate, Femto-, Fibrin, Fish, Flippase, FLOT1, G protein, Garlic, Genome, Gill, Glucose, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, GLUT1, Glycocalyx, Glycolysis, Glycophorin C, Glycoprotein, Golgi apparatus, Greek language, Haptoglobin, Hematocrit, Heme, Hemoglobin, Hemolysis, Hemolytic anemia, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Hemorheology, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hereditary elliptocytosis, Hereditary spherocytosis, Hereditary stomatocytosis, HIV, Hormone, Horse, Human, Hydrogen sulfide, ICAM4, Immune response, Inclusion bodies, Infant, Inflammation, Inositol phosphate, Integrin, Intrinsic factor, Ion, Iron, Iron-deficiency anemia, Jan Swammerdam, Karl Landsteiner, KCNN4, Kidd antigen system, Lactic acid fermentation, Laminar flow, Laminin, Lipid, Lipid bilayer, Lipid raft, List of distinct cell types in the adult human body, List of hematologic conditions, Litre, Liver, Llama, Lung, Lutheran antigen system, Lymph node, Lysis, Macrophage, Malaria, Mammal, Maurolicus, Max Perutz, Megaloblastic anemia, Metabolon, Metalloprotein, Microangiopathy, Microscope, Mitochondrion, Mononuclear phagocyte system, Muscle, Myoglobin, Na+/K+-ATPase, Na-K-Cl cotransporter, Netherlands, Nitric oxide, Nitric oxide synthase, Nucleated red blood cell, Orders of magnitude (length), Organ transplantation, Organelle, Oxygen, Oxygen saturation, Packed red blood cells, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Parvovirus, Parvovirus B19, Pathognomonicity, PBS, Pentose phosphate pathway, Phagocytosis, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylserine, Phospholipid, Phospholipid scramblase, Platelet, Polycythemia, Polycythemia vera, Proerythroblast, Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Pulse oximetry, Pure red cell aplasia, Pyruvic acid, Radical (chemistry), Red blood cell indices, Reticulocyte, Rh blood group system, RHAG, RNA, Rouleaux, S-Nitrosothiol, Salamander, Scanning electron microscope, Schistocyte, Screening (medicine), Sepsis, Serum (blood), Sialic acid, Sickle cell disease, Slender salamander, Sodium-chloride symporter, Sodium–hydrogen antiporter, Spectrin, Sphingolipid, Sphingomyelin, Spleen, Stem cell, Stomatin, Stromal cell, Thalassemia, Thrombotic microangiopathy, Thrombus, Tissue (biology), Torus, Transferrin, Transfusion medicine, Transmembrane protein, Ungulate, Urea, Vein, Vertebrate, Virus, Viscosity, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, Volt, White blood cell, Whole blood, Wilson's disease, World Anti-Doping Agency, X-ray crystallography, XK (protein), Zeta potential. Expand index (199 more) »

ABO blood group system

The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes.

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ADD1

Alpha-adducin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADD1 gene.

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Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.

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Adrenergic receptor

The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline).

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Albumin

The albumins (formed from Latin: albumen "(egg) white; dried egg white") are a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins.

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Altitude training

Altitude training is the practice by some endurance athletes of training for several weeks at high altitude, preferably over above sea level, though more commonly at intermediate altitudes due to the shortage of suitable high-altitude locations.

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Anemia

Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

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Ankyrin

Ankyrins are a family of proteins that mediate the attachment of integral membrane proteins to the spectrin-actin based membrane cytoskeleton.

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Antigen

In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

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Aplastic anemia

Aplastic anaemia is a rare disease in which the bone marrow and the hematopoietic stem cells that reside there are damaged.

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Aquaporin 1

Aquaporin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP1 gene.

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Arginine

Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Artery

An artery (plural arteries) is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, etc).

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.

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Autoimmune disease

An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part.

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Ötzi

Ötzi (also called the Iceman, the Similaun Man, the Man from Hauslabjoch, the Tyrolean Iceman, and the Hauslabjoch mummy) is a nickname given to the well-preserved natural mummy of a man who lived between 3400 and 3100 BCE.

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Band 3

Band 3 anion transport protein, also known as anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 or solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1), is a protein that is encoded by the SLC4A1 gene in humans.

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BCAM

Basal cell adhesion molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCAM gene.

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Bicarbonate

In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.

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Bilirubin

Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.

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Biliverdin

Biliverdin is a green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, and is a product of heme catabolism.

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Biomolecule

A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules and ions that are present in organisms, essential to some typically biological process such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.

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Blood

Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

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Blood bank

A blood bank is a center where blood gathered as a result of blood donation is stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion.

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Blood cell

A blood cell, also called a haematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood.

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Blood donation

A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole-blood components).

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Blood doping

Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance.

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Blood film

A blood film—or peripheral blood smear—is a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and then stained in such a way as to allow the various blood cells to be examined microscopically.

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Blood fractionation

Blood fractionation is the process of fractionating whole blood, or separating it into its component parts.

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Blood plasma

Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells.

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Blood substitute

A blood substitute (also called artificial blood or blood surrogate) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood.

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Blood test

A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick.

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Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.

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Blood type

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).

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Blood-borne disease

A bloodborne disease is a disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids.

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Blood–air barrier

The blood–air barrier (alveolar–capillary barrier or membrane) exists in the gas exchanging region of the lungs.

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Bone marrow

Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones.

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C-value

C-value is the amount, in picograms, of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus (e.g. a gamete) or one half the amount in a diploid somatic cell of a eukaryotic organism.

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Calcium ATPase

Ca2+ ATPase is a form of P-ATPase that transfers calcium after a muscle has contracted.

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Camel

A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back.

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Camelid

Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only currently living family in the suborder Tylopoda.

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Capillary

A capillary is a small blood vessel from 5 to 10 micrometres (µm) in diameter, and having a wall one endothelial cell thick.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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Carbonic anhydrase

The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and protons).

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Catecholamine

A catecholamine (CA) is a monoamine, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups at carbons 1 and 2) and a side-chain amine.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

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Cell nucleus

In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

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Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a technique which involves the application of centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed.

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Channichthyidae

The crocodile icefish or white-blooded fish (Channichthyidae) comprise a family of notothenioid fish found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica and southern South America, where water temperatures remain relatively stable (generally ranging from -1.8 to +2.0 °C).

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Chemokine

Chemokines (Greek -kinos, movement) are a family of small cytokines, or signaling proteins secreted by cells.

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Chevrotain

Chevrotains, also known as mouse-deer, are small ungulates that make up the family Tragulidae, the only members of the infraorder Tragulina.

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Chloride potassium symporter

The potassium chloride symporter is a membrane transport protein that is present in the S3-segment of the renal proximal tubule Page 780 and in the neuron.

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Cholesterol

Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.

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Circulatory system

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.

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Colorimetry

Colorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception." It is similar to spectrophotometry, but is distinguished by its interest in reducing spectra to the physical correlates of color perception, most often the CIE 1931 XYZ color space tristimulus values and related quantities.

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Colton antigen system

The Colton antigen system (Co) is present on the membranes of red blood cells and in the tubules of the kidney and helps determine a person's blood type.

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Cross-matching

In transfusion medicine, cross-matching or crossmatching (part of series of steps in blood compatibility tests) is testing before a blood transfusion to determine if the donor's blood is compatible with the blood of an intended recipient.

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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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Deer

Deer (singular and plural) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae.

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Dehydroascorbic acid

Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

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Diego antigen system

The Diego antigen (or blood group) system is composed of 21 blood factors or antigens carried on the Band 3 glycoprotein, also known as Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1).

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Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Duffy antigen system

Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC), also known as Fy glycoprotein (FY) or CD234 (Cluster of Differentiation 234), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DARC gene.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Embryonic stem cell

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells or ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo.

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Endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.

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Endothelium

Endothelium refers to cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.

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Enzyme inhibitor

4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.

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EPB41

Protein 4.1, also known as Beatty's Protein, is a protein associated with the cytoskeleton that in humans is encoded by the EPB41 gene.

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EPB49

Dematin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPB49 gene.

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Erich Sackmann

Erich Sackmann (born 26 November 1934) is a German experimental physicist and a pioneer of biophysics in Europe.

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Erythrocyte deformability

Erythrocyte deformability refers to the ability of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to change shape under a given level of applied stress, without hemolysing (rupturing).

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Erythrocyte fragility

Erythrocyte fragility refers to the propensity of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) to hemolyse (rupture) under stress.

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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour.

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Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis (from Greek 'erythro' meaning "red" and 'poiesis' meaning "to make") is the process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes).

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Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.

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Even-toed ungulate

The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) are ungulates (hoofed animals) whose weight is borne equally by the third and fourth toes.

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Femto-

Femto- (symbol f) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10−15 or.

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Fibrin

Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood.

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Fish

Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.

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Flippase

Flippases (rarely spelled flipases) are transmembrane lipid transporter proteins located in the membrane responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two leaflets that compose a cell's membrane (transverse diffusion, also known as a "flip-flop" transition).

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FLOT1

Flotillin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLOT1 gene.

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G protein

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.

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Gill

A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide.

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is an inborn error of metabolism that predisposes to red blood cell breakdown.

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GLUT1

Glucose transporter 1 (or GLUT1), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1), is a uniporter protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A1 gene.

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Glycocalyx

The glycocalyx, also known as the pericellular matrix, is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of some bacteria, epithelia, and other cells.

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Glycolysis

Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.

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Glycophorin C

Glycophorin C (GYPC; CD236/CD236R; glycoprotein beta; glycoconnectin; PAS-2) plays a functionally important role in maintaining erythrocyte shape and regulating membrane material properties, possibly through its interaction with protein 4.1.

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Glycoprotein

Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.

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Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Haptoglobin

Haptoglobin (abbreviated as Hp) is the protein that in humans is encoded by the HP gene.

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Hematocrit

The hematocrit (Ht or HCT), also known by several other names, is the volume percentage (vol%) of red blood cells in blood.

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Heme

Heme or haem is a coordination complex "consisting of an iron ion coordinated to a porphyrin acting as a tetradentate ligand, and to one or two axial ligands." The definition is loose, and many depictions omit the axial ligands.

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.

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Hemolysis

Hemolysis or haemolysis, also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).

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Hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular, but usually in the spleen).

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Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by a triad of hemolytic anemia (anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells), acute kidney failure (uremia), and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

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Hemorheology

Hemorheology, also spelled haemorheology (from the Greek ‘αἷμα, haima "blood" and rheology), or blood rheology, is the study of flow properties of blood and its elements of plasma and cells.

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Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver.

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.

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Hereditary elliptocytosis

Hereditary elliptocytosis, also known as ovalocytosis, is an inherited blood disorder in which an abnormally large number of the patient's erythrocytes (i.e. red blood cells) are elliptical rather than the typical biconcave disc shape.

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Hereditary spherocytosis

Hereditary spherocytosis (also known as Minkowski–Chauffard syndrome) is an abnormality of red blood cells, or erythrocytes.

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Hereditary stomatocytosis

Hereditary stomatocytosis describes a number of inherited autosomal dominant human conditions which affect the red blood cell, in which the membrane or outer coating of the cell 'leaks' sodium and potassium ions.

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HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

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Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

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Horse

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2S.

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ICAM4

The LW blood system was first described by Landsteiner and Wiener in 1940.

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Immune response

The Immune response is the body's response caused by its immune system being activated by antigens.

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Inclusion bodies

Inclusion bodies, sometimes called elementary bodies, are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stable substances, usually proteins.

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Infant

An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

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Inositol phosphate

Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to polyphosphorylated inositols.

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Integrin

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.

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Intrinsic factor

Intrinsic factor (IF), also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).

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Iron

Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.

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Iron-deficiency anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron.

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Jan Swammerdam

Jan Swammerdam (February 12, 1637 – February 17, 1680) was a Dutch biologist and microscopist.

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Karl Landsteiner

Karl Landsteiner,, (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943) was an Austrian biologist, physician, and immunologist.

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KCNN4

Potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4, also known as KCNN4, is a human gene encoding the KCa3.1 protein.

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Kidd antigen system

The Kidd antigen system (also known as Jk antigen) is present on the membranes of red blood cells and the kidney and helps determine a person's blood type.

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Lactic acid fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose and other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.

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Laminar flow

In fluid dynamics, laminar flow (or streamline flow) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers.

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Laminin

Laminins are high-molecular weight (~400 to ~900 kDa) proteins of the extracellular matrix.

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Lipid

In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.

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Lipid bilayer

The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.

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Lipid raft

The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids and protein receptors organised in glycolipoprotein microdomains termed lipid rafts.

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List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

There are many different types of cell in the human body.

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List of hematologic conditions

There are many conditions of or affecting the human hematologic system — the biological system that includes plasma, platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, the major components of blood and the bone marrow.

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Litre

The litre (SI spelling) or liter (American spelling) (symbols L or l, sometimes abbreviated ltr) is an SI accepted metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 1/1,000 cubic metre. A cubic decimetre (or litre) occupies a volume of 10 cm×10 cm×10 cm (see figure) and is thus equal to one-thousandth of a cubic metre. The original French metric system used the litre as a base unit. The word litre is derived from an older French unit, the litron, whose name came from Greek — where it was a unit of weight, not volume — via Latin, and which equalled approximately 0.831 litres. The litre was also used in several subsequent versions of the metric system and is accepted for use with the SI,, p. 124. ("Days" and "hours" are examples of other non-SI units that SI accepts.) although not an SI unit — the SI unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3). The spelling used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is "litre", a spelling which is shared by almost all English-speaking countries. The spelling "liter" is predominantly used in American English. One litre of liquid water has a mass of almost exactly one kilogram, because the kilogram was originally defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic decimetre of water at the temperature of melting ice. Subsequent redefinitions of the metre and kilogram mean that this relationship is no longer exact.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Llama

The llama (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.

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Lung

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.

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Lutheran antigen system

The Lutheran antigen system is a classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells.

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Lymph node

A lymph node or lymph gland is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and of the adaptive immune system, that is widely present throughout the body.

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Lysis

Lysis (Greek λύσις lýsis, "a loosing" from λύειν lýein, "to unbind") refers to the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.

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Macrophage

Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).

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Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Maurolicus

Maurolicus is an oceanic ray-finned fish genus which belongs in the family Sternoptychidae.

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Max Perutz

Max Ferdinand Perutz (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin.

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Megaloblastic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production.

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Metabolon

In biochemistry, a metabolon is a temporary structural-functional complex formed between sequential enzymes of a metabolic pathway, held together both by non-covalent interactions and by structural elements of the cell, such as integral membrane proteins and proteins of the cytoskeleton.

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Metalloprotein

Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor.

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Microangiopathy

Microangiopathy (or microvascular disease, or small vessel disease) is an angiopathy (i.e. disease of blood vessels) affecting small blood vessels in the body.

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Microscope

A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

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Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

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Mononuclear phagocyte system

In immunology, the mononuclear phagocyte system or mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) (also known as the reticuloendothelial system or macrophage system) is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue.

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Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.

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Myoglobin

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals.

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Na+/K+-ATPase

-ATPase (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the pump or sodium–potassium pump) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.

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Na-K-Cl cotransporter

The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Nitric oxide

Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.

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Nitric oxide synthase

Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine.

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Nucleated red blood cell

With the exception of mammals, all vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin-containing cells in their blood and all of these red blood cells contain a nucleus.

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Orders of magnitude (length)

The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.

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Organ transplantation

Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.

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Organelle

In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, in which their function is vital for the cell to live.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Oxygen saturation

Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium.

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Packed red blood cells

Packed red blood cells, also known as red cell concentrate and packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion.

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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired, life-threatening disease of the blood characterized by destruction of red blood cells by the complement system, a part of the body's innate immune system.

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Parvovirus

Parvovirus is the common name applied to all the viruses in the Parvoviridae taxonomic family.

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Parvovirus B19

Primate erythroparvovirus 1, generally referred to as B19 virus, parvovirus B19 or sometimes erythrovirus B19, was the first (and until 2005 the only) known human virus in the family Parvoviridae, genus Erythroparvovirus; it measures only 23–26 nm in diameter.

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Pathognomonicity

Pathognomonic (rarely spelled pathognomic and sometimes misspelled as pathomnemonic) is a term, often used in medicine, that means characteristic for a particular disease.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Pentose phosphate pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis.

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Phagocytosis

In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome.

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Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup.

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Phosphatidylethanolamine

Phosphatidylethanolamines are a class of phospholipids found in biological membranes.

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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes.

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Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine (abbreviated Ptd-L-Ser or PS) is a phospholipid and is a component of the cell membrane.

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Phospholipid

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes.

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Phospholipid scramblase

Scramblase is a protein responsible for the translocation of phospholipids between the two monolayers of a lipid bilayer of a cell membrane.

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Platelet

Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.

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Polycythemia

Polycythemia (also known as polycythaemia or polyglobulia) is a disease state in which the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood) is elevated.

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Polycythemia vera

Polycythemia vera is an uncommon neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells.

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Proerythroblast

A proerythroblast (or rubriblast, or pronormoblast) is the earliest of four stages in development of the normoblast.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protein biosynthesis

Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.

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Pulse oximetry

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation (SO2).

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Pure red cell aplasia

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) or erythroblastopenia refers to a type of anemia affecting the precursors to red blood cells but not to white blood cells.

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Pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.

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Radical (chemistry)

In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron.

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Red blood cell indices

Red blood cell indices are blood tests that provide information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells.

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Reticulocyte

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically composing about 1% of the red blood cells in the human body.

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Rh blood group system

The Rh blood group system is one of thirty-five known human blood group systems.

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RHAG

Rh-associated glycoprotein (RHAG) is an ammonia transporter protein that in humans is encoded by the RHAG gene.

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RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

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Rouleaux

Rouleaux (singular is rouleau) are stacks or aggregations of red blood cells (RBCs) which form because of the unique discoid shape of the cells in vertebrates.

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S-Nitrosothiol

S-Nitrosothiols, also known as thionitrites, are organic compounds or functional groups containing a nitroso group attached to the sulfur atom of a thiol.

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Salamander

Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

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Scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

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Schistocyte

A schistocyte or schizocyte (from Greek schistos for "divided" or schistein for "to split", and kytos for "hollow" or "cell") is a fragmented part of a red blood cell.

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Screening (medicine)

Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used in a population to identify the possible presence of an as-yet-undiagnosed disease in individuals without signs or symptoms.

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Sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.

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Serum (blood)

In blood, the serum is the component that is neither a blood cell (serum does not contain white or red blood cells) nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma not including the fibrinogens.

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Sialic acid

Sialic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a monosaccharide with a nine-carbon backbone.

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Sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents.

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Slender salamander

Slender salamander is the name often given to Plethodontid (lungless) salamanders of the genus Batrachoseps.

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Sodium-chloride symporter

The sodium-chloride symporter (also known as Na+-Cl− cotransporter, NCC or NCCT, or as the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter or TSC) is a cotransporter in the kidney which has the function of reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions from the tubular fluid into the cells of the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

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Sodium–hydrogen antiporter

The sodium–hydrogen antiporter or sodium–proton exchanger (Na+/H+ exchanger) is a membrane protein that transports Na+ out of the cell, and H+ into the cell (antiport).

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Spectrin

Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells.

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Sphingolipid

Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases, a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine.

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Sphingomyelin

Sphingomyelin (SPH, ˌsfɪŋɡoˈmaɪəlɪn) is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons.

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Spleen

The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates.

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Stem cell

Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.

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Stomatin

Stomatin also known as human erythrocyte integral membrane protein band 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STOM gene.

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Stromal cell

Stromal cells are connective tissue cells of any organ, for example in the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow, lymph node and the ovary.

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Thalassemia

Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production.

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Thrombotic microangiopathy

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathology that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial injury.

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Thrombus

A thrombus, colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.

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Torus

In geometry, a torus (plural tori) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the circle.

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Transferrin

Transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron (Fe) in biological fluids.

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Transfusion medicine

Transfusion medicine (or transfusiology) is the branch of medicine that is concerned with transfusion of blood and blood components.

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Transmembrane protein

A transmembrane protein (TP) is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the biological membrane to which it is permanently attached.

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Ungulate

Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.

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Urea

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.

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Vein

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Virus

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.

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Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.

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Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body: it is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

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Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, of which pernicious anemia is a type, is a disease in which not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B12.

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Volt

The volt (symbol: V) is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force.

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White blood cell

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

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Whole blood

Whole blood (WB) is human blood from a standard blood donation.

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Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which copper builds up in the body.

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World Anti-Doping Agency

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs in sports.

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X-ray crystallography

X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.

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XK (protein)

XK (also known as Kell blood group precursor) is a protein found on human red blood cells and other tissues which is responsible for the Kx antigen which helps determine a person's blood type.

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Zeta potential

Zeta potential is a scientific term for electrokinetic potential in colloidal dispersions.

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Redirects here:

ATC code B05AX01, ATCvet code QB05AX01, Erythrocyte, Erythrocyte count, Erythrocyte membrane, Erythrocytes, Erythrocytic, Erythroid, Erytrocyte, Haematid, Haematids, Hematid, Life cycle of red blood cells, Mammalian erythrocytes, RBC's, RBCs, Red Blood Cell, Red Blood Cells, Red blood cells, Red blood corpuscle, Red blood corpuscles, Red cells, Red corpuscles, Red-blood cell, Red-blood corpuscles.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell

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