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Reduced instruction set computer

Index Reduced instruction set computer

A reduced instruction set computer, or RISC (pronounced 'risk'), is one whose instruction set architecture (ISA) allows it to have fewer cycles per instruction (CPI) than a complex instruction set computer (CISC). [1]

138 relations: Adapteva, Addressing mode, AMD Am29000, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Android (operating system), ARC (processor), Arithmetic logic unit, ARM architecture, Ars Technica, Assembly language, Atmel AVR, Backronym, Berkeley RISC, Binary-coded decimal, Bit, BlackBerry Limited, Blackfin, BMW, Byte, Carlo H. Séquin, Cavium, CDC 6600, Classic RISC pipeline, Clock rate, Compaq, Compiler, Complex instruction set computer, Computer architecture, CPU cache, Cray, Cycles per instruction, DARPA, David Patterson (computer scientist), DEC Alpha, Delay slot, Digital Equipment Corporation, Dreamcast, Embedded system, Floating-point arithmetic, Fujitsu, Game Boy Advance, GameCube, Harvard architecture, Hewlett-Packard, High-level programming language, Hitachi, IBM, IBM 6150 RT, IBM 801, IBM POWER instruction set architecture, ..., IBM System/370, Instruction pipelining, Instruction set architecture, Instructions per cycle, Intel i860, Intel i960, IPad, IPhone, Jack Dongarra, John Cocke, John L. Hennessy, Laser printing, Linearizability, Linksys WRT54G series, Load/store architecture, Machine code, Magnetic-core memory, Michael J. Flynn, Microcode, Microprocessor, Minimal instruction set computer, MIPS architecture, MIPS Technologies, Motorola 88000, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo 64, Nintendo DS, Nintendo Switch, Opcode, Open-source model, Oracle Corporation, Orthogonality, PA-RISC, PDP-8, Pipeline (computing), PlayStation (console), PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Power Architecture, PowerPC, Printed circuit board, Processor register, Qualcomm, Qualcomm Snapdragon, R2000 (microprocessor), Register window, Renesas Electronics, Residential gateway, RISC-V, ROMP, Router (computing), Sega, Sega Saturn, Seymour Cray, Silicon Graphics, Single-board computer, Smartphone, SPARC, Stanford MIPS, Stanford University, String (computer science), Subroutine, Sun Microsystems, Sunway TaihuLight, Supercomputer, SuperH, System on a chip, Tablet computer, TOP500, Transistor, Transport triggered architecture, University of California, Berkeley, User space, VAX, Vector processor, Very long instruction word, VLSI Project, Wii, Wii U, Windows 10, Windows Mobile, Windows Phone, Workstation, X86, Xbox (console), Xbox 360, 32X. Expand index (88 more) »

Adapteva

Adapteva is a fabless semiconductor company focusing on low power many core microprocessor design.

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Addressing mode

Addressing modes are an aspect of the instruction set architecture in most central processing unit (CPU) designs.

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AMD Am29000

The AMD Am29000 (commonly shortened to 29k) is a family of 32-bit RISC microprocessors and microcontrollers developed and fabricated by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD).

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Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum (born March 16, 1944), sometimes referred to by the handle ast, is an American-Dutch computer scientist and professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

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Android (operating system)

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

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ARC (processor)

ARC (Argonaut RISC Core) embedded processors are a family of 32-bit CPUs originally designed by ARC International.

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Arithmetic logic unit

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.

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ARM architecture

ARM, previously Advanced RISC Machine, originally Acorn RISC Machine, is a family of reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors, configured for various environments.

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Ars Technica

Ars Technica (a Latin-derived term that the site translates as the "art of technology") is a website covering news and opinions in technology, science, politics, and society, created by Ken Fisher and Jon Stokes in 1998.

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Assembly language

An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

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Atmel AVR

AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel beginning in 1996.

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Backronym

A backronym, or bacronym, is a constructed phrase that purports to be the source of a word that is an acronym.

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Berkeley RISC

Berkeley RISC is one of two seminal research projects into RISC-based microprocessor design taking place under ARPA's VLSI project.

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Binary-coded decimal

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight.

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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BlackBerry Limited

BlackBerry Limited is a Canadian multinational company specializing in enterprise software and the Internet of things.

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Blackfin

The Blackfin is a family of 16- or 32-bit microprocessors developed, manufactured and marketed by Analog Devices.

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BMW

BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke in German, or Bavarian Motor Works in English) is a German multinational company which currently produces luxury automobiles and motorcycles, and also produced aircraft engines until 1945.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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Carlo H. Séquin

Carlo Heinrich Séquin (born October 30, 1941) is a professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley in the United States.

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Cavium

Cavium is a fabless semiconductor company based in San Jose, California, specializing in ARM-based and MIPS-based network, video and security processors and SoCs.

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CDC 6600

The CDC 6600 was the flagship of the 6000 series of mainframe computer systems manufactured by Control Data Corporation.

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Classic RISC pipeline

In the history of computer hardware, some early reduced instruction set computer central processing units (RISC CPUs) used a very similar architectural solution, now called a classic RISC pipeline.

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Clock rate

The clock rate typically refers to the frequency at which a chip like a central processing unit (CPU), one core of a multi-core processor, is running and is used as an indicator of the processor's speed.

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Compaq

Compaq (a portmanteau of Compatibility And Quality; occasionally referred to as CQ prior to its final logo) was a company founded in 1982 that developed, sold, and supported computers and related products and services.

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Compiler

A compiler is computer software that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).

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Complex instruction set computer

A complex instruction set computer (CISC) is a computer in which single instructions can execute several low-level operations (such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store) or are capable of multi-step operations or addressing modes within single instructions.

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Computer architecture

In computer engineering, computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems.

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CPU cache

A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory.

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Cray

Cray Inc. is an American supercomputer manufacturer headquartered in Seattle, Washington.

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Cycles per instruction

In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment.

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DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.

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David Patterson (computer scientist)

David Andrew Patterson (born November 16, 1947) is an American computer pioneer and academic who has held the position of Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley since 1976.

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DEC Alpha

Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), designed to replace their 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer (CISC) ISA.

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Delay slot

In computer architecture, a delay slot is an instruction slot that gets executed without the effects of a preceding instruction.

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Digital Equipment Corporation

Digital Equipment Corporation, also known as DEC and using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1950s to the 1990s.

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Dreamcast

The is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27, 1998 in Japan, September 9, 1999 in North America, and October 14, 1999 in Europe.

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Embedded system

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

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Floating-point arithmetic

In computing, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation so as to support a trade-off between range and precision.

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Fujitsu

is a Japanese multinational information technology equipment and services company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

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Game Boy Advance

The Game Boy Advance (GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed, manufactured and marketed by Nintendo as the successor to the Game Boy Color.

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GameCube

The GameCube is a home video game console released by Nintendo in Japan and North America in 2001 and Europe and Australia in 2002.

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Harvard architecture

The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage and signal pathways for instructions and data.

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Hewlett-Packard

The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

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High-level programming language

In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.

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Hitachi

() is a Japanese multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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IBM 6150 RT

The IBM RT (or IBM 6150 series) was a workstation sold by IBM and built around IBM's ROMP processor, a spin-off of the IBM 801 pioneered at IBM Research.

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IBM 801

The 801 was an experimental minicomputer designed by IBM.

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IBM POWER instruction set architecture

The IBM POWER ISA is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by IBM.

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IBM System/370

The IBM System/370 (S/370) was a model range of IBM mainframe computers announced on June 30, 1970 as the successors to the System/360 family.

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Instruction pipelining

Instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor.

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Instruction set architecture

An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer.

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Instructions per cycle

In computer architecture, instructions per cycle (IPC) is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of instructions executed for each clock cycle.

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Intel i860

The Intel i860 (also known as 80860) was a RISC microprocessor design introduced by Intel in 1989.

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Intel i960

Intel's i960 (or 80960) was a RISC-based microprocessor design that became popular during the early 1990s as an embedded microcontroller.

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IPad

iPad is a line of tablet computers designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc., which run the iOS mobile operating system.

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IPhone

iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone line of products use Apple's iOS mobile operating system software.

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Jack Dongarra

Jack J. Dongarra (born July 18, 1950) is an American University Distinguished Professor of Computer Science in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at the University of Tennessee.

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John Cocke

John Cocke (May 30, 1925 – July 16, 2002) was an American computer scientist recognized for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design.

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John L. Hennessy

John Leroy Hennessy (born September 22, 1952) is an American computer scientist, academician, businessman and Chairman of Alphabet Inc..

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Laser printing

Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process.

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Linearizability

In concurrent programming, an operation (or set of operations) is atomic, linearizable, indivisible or uninterruptible if it appears to the rest of the system to occur at once without being interrupted.

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Linksys WRT54G series

The Linksys WRT54G Wi-Fi series is a series of Wi-Fi–capable residential gateways marketed by Linksys, a subsidiary of Cisco from 2003 until acquired by Belkin in 2013.

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Load/store architecture

In computer engineering, a load/store architecture is an instruction set architecture that divides instructions into two categories: memory access (load and store between memory and registers), and ALU operations (which only occur between registers).

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Machine code

Machine code is a computer program written in machine language instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

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Magnetic-core memory

Magnetic-core memory was the predominant form of random-access computer memory for 20 years between about 1955 and 1975.

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Michael J. Flynn

Michael J. Flynn (born May 20, 1934) is an American professor emeritus at Stanford University.

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Microcode

Microcode is a computer hardware technique that imposes an interpreter between the CPU hardware and the programmer-visible instruction set architecture of the computer.

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Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer processor that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits.

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Minimal instruction set computer

Minimal Instruction Set Computer (MISC) is a processor architecture with a very small number of basic operations and corresponding opcodes.

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MIPS architecture

MIPS (an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA)Price, Charles (September 1995).

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MIPS Technologies

MIPS Technologies, Inc., formerly MIPS Computer Systems, Inc., is an American fabless semiconductor design company that is most widely known for developing the MIPS architecture and a series of RISC CPU chips based on it.

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Motorola 88000

The 88000 (m88k for short) is a RISC instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Motorola.

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Nintendo 3DS

The Nintendo 3DS is a handheld game console produced by Nintendo.

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Nintendo 64

The, stylized as NINTENDO64 and abbreviated to N64, is Nintendo's third home video game console for the international market.

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Nintendo DS

The Nintendo DS, or simply DS, is a dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo.

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Nintendo Switch

The Nintendo Switch is the seventh major video game console developed by Nintendo.

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Opcode

In computing, an opcode (abbreviated from operation code, also known as instruction syllable, instruction parcel or opstring) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.

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Open-source model

The open-source model is a decentralized software-development model that encourages open collaboration.

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Oracle Corporation

Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation, headquartered in Redwood Shores, California.

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Orthogonality

In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the notion of perpendicularity to the linear algebra of bilinear forms.

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PA-RISC

PA-RISC is an instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hewlett-Packard.

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PDP-8

The PDP-8 was a 12-bit minicomputer produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).

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Pipeline (computing)

In computing, a pipeline, also known as a data pipeline, is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of one element is the input of the next one.

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PlayStation (console)

The PlayStation (officially abbreviated to PS, and commonly known as the PS1 or its codename, PSX) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment.

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PlayStation 2

The PlayStation 2 (PS2) is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment.

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PlayStation 3

The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment.

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PlayStation Portable

The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment.

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Power Architecture

Power Architecture is a registered trademark for similar reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction sets for microprocessors developed and manufactured by such companies as IBM, Freescale/NXP, AppliedMicro, LSI, Teledyne e2v and Synopsys.

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PowerPC

PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM.

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Printed circuit board

A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate.

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Processor register

In computer architecture, a processor register is a quickly accessible location available to a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

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Qualcomm

Qualcomm is an American multinational semiconductor and telecommunications equipment company that designs and markets wireless telecommunications products and services.

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Qualcomm Snapdragon

Snapdragon is a suite of system on a chip (SoC) semiconductor products for mobile devices designed and marketed by Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

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R2000 (microprocessor)

The R2000 is a 32 bit microprocessor chip set developed by MIPS Computer Systems that implemented the MIPS I instruction set architecture (ISA).

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Register window

In computer engineering, register windows are a feature in some instruction set architectures to improve the performance of procedure calls, a very common operation.

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Renesas Electronics

is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo.

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Residential gateway

In telecommunications networking, a residential gateway (more commonly known as a home router or home gateway) is a device that allows a local area network (LAN) to connect to a wide area network (WAN) via a modem.

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RISC-V

RISC-V (pronounced "risk-five") is an open instruction set architecture (ISA) based on established reduced instruction set computing (RISC) principles.

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ROMP

The ROMP or Research OPD Micro Processor was a 10 MHz RISC microprocessor designed by IBM in the early 1980s.

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Router (computing)

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

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Sega

Sega Games Co., Ltd., originally short for Service Games and officially styled as SEGA, is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with offices around the world.

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Sega Saturn

The is a 32-bit fifth-generation home video game console developed by Sega and released on November 22, 1994 in Japan, May 11, 1995 in North America, and July 8, 1995 in Europe.

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Seymour Cray

Seymour Roger Cray (September 28, 1925 – October 5, 1996) was an American electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who designed a series of computers that were the fastest in the world for decades, and founded Cray Research which built many of these machines.

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Silicon Graphics

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (later rebranded SGI, historically known as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) was an American high-performance computing manufacturer, producing computer hardware and software.

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Single-board computer

A single-board computer (SBC) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board, with microprocessor(s), memory, input/output (I/O) and other features required of a functional computer.

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Smartphone

A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi.

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SPARC

SPARC, for Scalable Processor Architecture, is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

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Stanford MIPS

MIPS (an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) was a research project conducted at Stanford University between 1981 and 1984.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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String (computer science)

In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable.

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Subroutine

In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.

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Sun Microsystems

Sun Microsystems, Inc. was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the Network File System (NFS), and SPARC.

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Sunway TaihuLight

The Sunway TaihuLight (Shénwēi·tàihú zhī guāng) is a Chinese supercomputer which,, is ranked second in the TOP500 list, with a LINPACK benchmark rating of 93 petaflops.

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Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer.

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SuperH

SuperH (or SH) is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hitachi and currently produced by Renesas.

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System on a chip

A system on a chip or system on chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit (also known as an "IC" or "chip") that integrates all components of a computer or other electronic systems.

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Tablet computer

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a portable personal computer, typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package.

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TOP500

The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world.

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Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

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Transport triggered architecture

In computer architecture, a transport triggered architecture (TTA) is a kind of processor design in which programs directly control the internal transport buses of a processor.

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University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.

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User space

A modern computer operating system usually segregates virtual memory into kernel space and user space.

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VAX

VAX is a discontinued instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the mid-1970s.

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Vector processor

In computing, a vector processor or array processor is a central processing unit (CPU) that implements an instruction set containing instructions that operate on one-dimensional arrays of data called vectors, compared to scalar processors, whose instructions operate on single data items.

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Very long instruction word

Very long instruction word (VLIW) refers to instruction set architectures designed to exploit instruction level parallelism (ILP).

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VLSI Project

DARPA's VLSI (very-large-scale integration) Project provided research funding to a wide variety of university-based teams in an effort to improve the state of the art in microprocessor design, then known as VLSI.

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Wii

The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006.

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Wii U

The Wii U is a home video game console developed by Nintendo, and the successor to the Wii.

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Windows 10

Windows 10 (codenamed Redstone, formerly Threshold) is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.

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Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile is a discontinued family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones and Pocket PCs.

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Windows Phone

Windows Phone (WP) is a family of discontinued mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune.

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Workstation

A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications.

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X86

x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.

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Xbox (console)

The Xbox is a home video game console and the first installment in the Xbox series of consoles manufactured by Microsoft.

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Xbox 360

The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft.

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32X

The 32X is an add-on for the Sega Genesis video game console.

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RISC, RISC System/6000, RISC System/6000 SP, RISC architectures, RISC instruction set, RISC principles, RISC processor, RISC-based, RISC-based computer design approach, RISC-based system, Reduced Instruction Set Code, Reduced Instruction Set Computer, Reduced Instruction Set Computing, Reduced instruction set, Reduced instruction set computing.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer

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