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70 relations: Alfred Russel Wallace, Allele, Allopatric speciation, Assortative mating, Biodiversity, Breeding in the wild, Character displacement, Courtship display, Directional selection, Disruptive selection, Dominance (genetics), Drosophila, Drosophila yakuba, Ecological speciation, Ecology, Ethology, Evidence for speciation by reinforcement, Evolutionary biology, Extinction, Fertility, Fisherian runaway, Fitness (biology), Fixation (population genetics), Fungus, Gamete, Gastrophryne, Gene flow, Genetic admixture, Genetic distance, Genetic divergence, Genetic equilibrium, Genetic recombination, Genetics, Genotype, Group selection, H. Allen Orr, Habitat, Hybrid (biology), Hybrid inviability, Hybrid zone, Invasive species, Invertebrate, Jerry Coyne, Linkage disequilibrium, Locus (genetics), Mate choice, Mating, Mating call, Mimicry, Mohamed Noor, ..., Morphology (biology), Natural selection, Parapatric speciation, Parasitism, Peripatric speciation, Phenotype, Pollination, Polygene, Reproductive isolation, Ronald Fisher, São Tomé, Seasonal breeder, Signalling theory, Speciation, Stickleback, Sympatric speciation, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Vertebrate, W. Frank Blair. Expand index (20 more) »
Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist.
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Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Allopatric speciation
Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, meaning "other", and patris, meaning "fatherland"), also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name, the dumbbell model, is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange.
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Assortative mating
Assortative mating is a mating pattern and a form of sexual selection in which individuals with similar phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern.
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.
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Breeding in the wild
Breeding in the wild is the natural process of animal reproduction occurring in the natural habitat of a given species.
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Character displacement
Character displacement is the phenomenon where differences among similar species whose distributions overlap geographically are accentuated in regions where the species co-occur, but are minimized or lost where the species’ distributions do not overlap.
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Courtship display
A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal attempts to attract a mate and exhibit their desire to copulate.
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Directional selection
In population genetics, directional selection is a mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype.
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Disruptive selection
Disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Drosophila
Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.
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Drosophila yakuba
Drosophila yakuba is an African species of fruit fly that is predominantly found in open savanna, and was one of 12 fruit fly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study.
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Ecological speciation
Ecological speciation is the process by which ecologically based divergent selection between different environments leads to the creation of reproductive barriers between populations.
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Ecology
Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.
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Ethology
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
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Evidence for speciation by reinforcement
Reinforcement is a process within speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation between two populations of species by reducing the production of hybrids.
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Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth, starting from a single common ancestor.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Fertility
Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring.
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Fisherian runaway
Fisherian runaway or runaway selection is a sexual selection mechanism proposed by the mathematical biologist Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century, to account for the evolution of exaggerated male ornamentation by persistent, directional female choice.
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Fitness (biology)
Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is the quantitative representation of natural and sexual selection within evolutionary biology.
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Fixation (population genetics)
In population genetics, fixation is the change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene (allele) in a given population to a situation where only one of the alleles remains.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gamete
A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.
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Gastrophryne
Gastrophryne, the narrowmouth toads (also American narrowmouth toads, North American narrow-mouthed toads), is a genus of microhylid frogs found in the Americas between Honduras and southern United States.
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Gene flow
In population genetics, gene flow (also known as gene migration or allele flow) is the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another.
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Genetic admixture
Genetic admixture occurs when two or more previously isolated and genetically differentiated populations begin interbreeding.
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Genetic distance
Genetic distance is a measure of the genetic divergence between species or between populations within a species, whether the distance measures time from common ancestor or degree of differentiation.
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Genetic divergence
Genetic divergence is the process in which two or more populations of an ancestral species accumulate independent genetic changes (mutations) through time, often after the populations have become reproductively isolated for some period of time.
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Genetic equilibrium
Genetic equilibrium describes the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Genotype
The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).
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Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.
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H. Allen Orr
H.
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Habitat
In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.
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Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid, or crossbreed, is the result of combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.
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Hybrid inviability
Hybrid inviability is a post-zygotic barrier, which reduces a hybrid's capacity to mature into a healthy, fit adult.
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Hybrid zone
A hybrid zone exists where the ranges of two interbreeding species or diverged intraspecific lineages meet and cross-fertilize.
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Invasive species
An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.
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Invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
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Jerry Coyne
Jerry Allen Coyne (born December 30, 1949) is an American biologist, known for his work on speciation and his commentary on intelligent design.
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Linkage disequilibrium
In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at different loci in a given population.
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Locus (genetics)
A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).
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Mate choice
Mate choice, also known as intersexual selection, is an evolutionary process in which selection is dependent on the attractiveness of an individual's phenotypic traits.
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Mating
In biology, mating (or mateing in British English) is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, usually for the purposes of sexual reproduction.
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Mating call
A mating call is the auditory signal used by animals to attract mates.
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Mimicry
In evolutionary biology, mimicry is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both.
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Mohamed Noor
Mohamed Noor is a Professor in the Biology Department at Duke University (formerly holding the rotating titles of Earl D. McLean Professor and department chair).
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Parapatric speciation
In parapatric speciation, two subpopulations of a species evolve reproductive isolation from one another while continuing to exchange genes.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Peripatric speciation
Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.
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Polygene
A "polygene” or "multiple gene inheritance" is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait.
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Reproductive isolation
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation.
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Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962), who published as R. A. Fisher, was a British statistician and geneticist.
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São Tomé
São Tomé is the capital city of the African Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe and is by far the nation's largest town.
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Seasonal breeder
Seasonal breeders are animal species that successfully mate only during certain times of the year.
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Signalling theory
Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.
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Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
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Stickleback
The Gasterosteidae are a family of fish including the sticklebacks.
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Sympatric speciation
Sympatric speciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region.
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The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection is a book by Ronald Fisher which combines Mendelian genetics with Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, with Fisher being the first to argue that "Mendelism therefore validates Darwinism" and stating with regard to mutations that "The vast majority of large mutations are deleterious; small mutations are both far more frequent and more likely to be useful", thus refuting orthogenesis.
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Theodosius Dobzhansky
Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky (Теодо́сій Григо́рович Добжа́нський; Феодо́сий Григо́рьевич Добржа́нский; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was a prominent Ukrainian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the modern synthesis.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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W. Frank Blair
William Franklin Blair, known as Frank (25 June 1912 – 1984), was a zoologist and president of the Ecological Society of America.
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Reinforcement (biology), Reinforcement speciation, Secondary contact, Speciation by reinforcement, Wallace effect.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_(speciation)
