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79 relations: Afferent arterioles, Albumin, Albuminuria, Blood plasma, Blood urea nitrogen, Body surface area, Bowman's capsule, Cachexia, Calculator, Chronic kidney disease, Cimetidine, Cirrhosis, Clearance (pharmacology), Clinical urine tests, Creatinine, Cystatin C, Diabetes mellitus, Dialysis, Echogenicity, Edema, Efferent arteriole, Electrolyte, Endocarditis, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Filtration fraction, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Gas constant, Genealogy, Glomerular hyperfiltration, Glomerulus (kidney), Hematuria, Hydraulic conductivity, Hydronephrosis, Hydrostatics, Hypertension, Inulin, Isotope dilution, Isotopes of chromium, Kidney, Kidney disease, Kidney failure, Kilogram, Kt/V, Litre, Lupus erythematosus, Medical history, Medication, Microalbuminuria, Minute, Multiple myeloma, ..., National Institutes of Health, Nephrology, Nephron, Nephrotoxicity, Nocturia, Oncotic pressure, Pentetic acid, Pharmacokinetics, Phosphocreatine, Physical examination, Polyuria, Proteinuria, Renal clearance ratio, Renal function, Renal physiology, Renal ultrasonography, Serum albumin, Sinistrin, Standardized Kt/V, Technetium-99m, Tubuloglomerular feedback, Urea, Urea reduction ratio, Urinary cast, Urinary system, Urine, Urine flow rate, Urine test strip, Vasculitis. Expand index (29 more) »
Afferent arterioles
The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems.
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Albumin
The albumins (formed from Latin: albumen "(egg) white; dried egg white") are a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins.
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Albuminuria
Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally present in the urine.
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Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells.
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Blood urea nitrogen
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a medical test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen found in blood.
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Body surface area
In physiology and medicine, the body surface area (BSA) is the measured or calculated surface area of a human body.
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Bowman's capsule
Bowman's capsule (or the Bowman capsule, capsula glomeruli, or glomerular capsule) is a cup-like sack at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.
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Cachexia
Cachexia, or wasting syndrome, is loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight.
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Calculator
An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics.
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Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which there is gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years.
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Cimetidine
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production.
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Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.
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Clearance (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, the clearance is a pharmacokinetic measurement of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed per unit time; the usual units are mL/min.
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Clinical urine tests
Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes.
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Creatinine
Creatinine (or; from flesh) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
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Cystatin C
Cystatin C or cystatin 3 (formerly gamma trace, post-gamma-globulin, or neuroendocrine basic polypeptide), a protein encoded by the CST3 gene, is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Dialysis
In medicine, dialysis (from Greek διάλυσις, diàlysis, "dissolution"; from διά, dià, "through", and λύσις, lỳsis, "loosening or splitting") is the process of removing excess water, solutes and toxins from the blood in those whose native kidneys have lost the ability to perform these functions in a natural way.
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Echogenicity
Echogenicity (misspelled sometimes as echogenecity) or echogeneity is the ability to bounce an echo, e.g. return the signal in ultrasound examinations.
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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Efferent arteriole
The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms.
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Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.
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Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium.
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also known by several other names, is a chemical originating in multiseasonal plants with dormancy stages as a lipidopreservative which helps to develop the stem, currently used for both industrial and medical purposes.
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Filtration fraction
In renal physiology, the filtration fraction is the ratio of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to the renal plasma flow (RPF).
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as a leading cause of kidney failure in adults.
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Gas constant
The gas constant is also known as the molar, universal, or ideal gas constant, denoted by the symbol or and is equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole, i.e. the pressure-volume product, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle.
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Genealogy
Genealogy (from γενεαλογία from γενεά, "generation" and λόγος, "knowledge"), also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.
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Glomerular hyperfiltration
Glomerular hyperfiltration is a situation where the filtration elements in the kidneys called glomeruli produce excessive amounts of pro-urine.
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Glomerulus (kidney)
The glomerulus, plural glomeruli, is a network of capillaries known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney.
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Hematuria
Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine.
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Hydraulic conductivity
Hydraulic conductivity, symbolically represented as K, is a property of vascular plants, soils and rocks, that describes the ease with which a fluid (usually water) can move through pore spaces or fractures.
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Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis describes urine-filled dilation of the renal pelvis and/or calyces as a result of obstruction.
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Hydrostatics
Fluid statics or hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies fluids at rest.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Inulin
Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory.
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Isotope dilution
Isotope dilution analysis is a method of determining the quantity of chemical substances.
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Isotopes of chromium
Naturally occurring chromium (24Cr) is composed of four stable isotopes; 50Cr, 52Cr, 53Cr, and 54Cr with 52Cr being the most abundant (83.789% natural abundance).
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Kidney disease
Kidney disease, or renal disease, also known as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney.
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Kidney failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.
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Kilogram
The kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK, also known as "Le Grand K" or "Big K"), a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy stored by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Saint-Cloud, France.
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Kt/V
In medicine, Kt/V is a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy.
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Litre
The litre (SI spelling) or liter (American spelling) (symbols L or l, sometimes abbreviated ltr) is an SI accepted metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 1/1,000 cubic metre. A cubic decimetre (or litre) occupies a volume of 10 cm×10 cm×10 cm (see figure) and is thus equal to one-thousandth of a cubic metre. The original French metric system used the litre as a base unit. The word litre is derived from an older French unit, the litron, whose name came from Greek — where it was a unit of weight, not volume — via Latin, and which equalled approximately 0.831 litres. The litre was also used in several subsequent versions of the metric system and is accepted for use with the SI,, p. 124. ("Days" and "hours" are examples of other non-SI units that SI accepts.) although not an SI unit — the SI unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3). The spelling used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is "litre", a spelling which is shared by almost all English-speaking countries. The spelling "liter" is predominantly used in American English. One litre of liquid water has a mass of almost exactly one kilogram, because the kilogram was originally defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic decimetre of water at the temperature of melting ice. Subsequent redefinitions of the metre and kilogram mean that this relationship is no longer exact.
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Lupus erythematosus
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues.
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Medical history
The medical history or case history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information, with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Microalbuminuria
Microalbuminuria is a term to describe a moderate increase in the level of urine albumin.
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Minute
The minute is a unit of time or angle.
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Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma, also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally responsible for producing antibodies.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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Nephrology
Nephrology (from Greek nephros "kidney", combined with the suffix -logy, "the study of") is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the kidneys: the study of normal kidney function and kidney disease, the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation).
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Nephron
The nephron (from Greek νεφρός – nephros, meaning "kidney") is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
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Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys.
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Nocturia
Nocturia (derived from Latin nox, night, and Greek ούρα, urine), also called nycturia (Greek νυκτουρία), is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as “the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding (i.e. to urinate).” Its causes are varied and, in many patients, difficult to discern.
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Oncotic pressure
Oncotic pressure, or colloid osmotic pressure, is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system.
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Pentetic acid
Pentetic acid or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid consisting of a diethylenetriamine backbone with five carboxymethyl groups.
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered to a living organism.
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Phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.
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Physical examination
A physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination (more popularly known as a check-up) is the process by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.
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Polyuria
Polyuria is excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine (greater than 2.5 or 3 L over 24 hours in adults).
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Proteinuria
Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine.
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Renal clearance ratio
The renal clearance ratio or fractional excretion is a measure of the speed at which a constituent of urine passes through the kidneys.
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Renal function
Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the kidney's condition and its role in renal physiology.
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Renal physiology
Renal physiology (Latin rēnēs, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney.
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Renal ultrasonography
Renal ultrasonography (Renal US) is the examination of one or both kidneys using medical ultrasound.
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Serum albumin
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood.
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Sinistrin
Sinistrin is a naturally occurring sugar polymer or polysaccharide, also known as polyfructosane.
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Standardized Kt/V
Standardized Kt/V, also std Kt/V, is a way of measuring (renal) dialysis adequacy.
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Technetium-99m
Technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 (itself an isotope of technetium), symbolized as 99mTc, that is used in tens of millions of medical diagnostic procedures annually, making it the most commonly used medical radioisotope.
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Tubuloglomerular feedback
In the physiology of the kidney, tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is a feedback system inside the kidneys.
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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Urea reduction ratio
The urea reduction ratio (URR), is a dimensionless number used to quantify dialysis treatment adequacy.
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Urinary cast
Urinary casts are microscopic cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease states.
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Urinary system
The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Urine flow rate
Urine flow rate or urinary flow rate is the volumetric flow rate of urine during urination.
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Urine test strip
A urine test strip or dipstick test is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient’s urine in standard urinalysis.
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Vasculitis
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_function
