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Renewable energy commercialization

Index Renewable energy commercialization

Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. [1]

309 relations: Abengoa, Achim Steiner, Agora Energiewende, Agua Caliente Solar Project, Al Gore, Alan Pears, Alta Wind Energy Center, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Amory Lovins, Andasol Solar Power Station, Andrew Blakers, Arlington, Arizona, Arthur Nozik, Atmosphere, Électricité de France, Ban Ki-moon, Barack Obama, Base load, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Binary cycle, Biodiesel, Bioenergy, Biomass, Biorefinery, Bloomberg Businessweek, BlueFire Renewables, Blythe Mesa Solar Power Project, Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark, Brazil, BrightSource Energy, Brittany, Building-integrated photovoltaics, Business as usual (business), California Valley Solar Ranch, California Valley, California, Canadian Solar, Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm, Carrizo Plain, Catching the Sun (film), Cellulosic ethanol, Center for Resource Solutions, Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code, Chimney, Chris Goodall, Clark Mountain Range, Clean Edge, Clean Energy Trends, Clean Tech Nation, Climate change, ..., Climate change denial, Clint Wilder, Combustion, Concentrated solar power, Convection, Coos Bay, Oregon, Corn stover, Cost of electricity by source, Council on Foreign Relations, Daimler AG, David Faiman, David Mills (solar researcher), Denis Hayes, Deploying Renewables 2011, Desert Sunlight Solar Farm, Developing country, Diffusion of innovations, Distributed generation, Earth, Earth Policy Institute, East Oregonian, Eco-Tariffs, Ecotax, Efficient energy use, Eggebek Solar Park, Egypt, EKOenergy, Electricity, Elon Musk, Enercon, Energiewende in Germany, Energy, Energy demand management, Energy mix, Energy policy, Energy Policy Act of 2005, Energy security, Energy security and renewable technology, Energy subsidies, Energy transition, Enhanced geothermal system, Environmental skepticism, Eric Martinot, Ethanol, Ethanol fuel, Eurobarometer, European Union, Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm, Félix Trombe, Feed-in tariff, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Financial incentives for photovoltaics, Finsterwalde Solar Park, First Solar, Flexible-fuel vehicle, Ford Motor Company, Fossil fuel, Fossil fuels lobby, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Gansu Wind Farm, Gasification, Gaspar Makale, GE Power, General Motors, Geothermal power, German language, Germany, Global warming, Goldwind, Green economy, Greenhouse gas, Grid parity, Gujarat Solar Park, Guri Dam, Hans-Josef Fell, Harrison Fraker, Hélène Pelosse, Hermann Scheer, Hinkley Point C nuclear power station, HM Treasury, Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center, Huang Ming (entrepreneur), Huanghe Hydropower Golmud Solar Park, Hydroelectricity, Hydropower, Industrial Revolution, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, International Solar Energy Society, Itaipu Dam, Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, JA Solar Holdings, Jaisalmer Wind Park, James Dehlsen, Jan Hamrin, Jeremy Leggett, Jeremy Rifkin, Jinko Solar, Joel Makower, John I. Yellott, John Twidell, Kyocera, Leonard L. Northrup Jr., Lester R. Brown, Lieberose Photovoltaic Park, List of energy storage projects, List of onshore wind farms, List of renewable energy organizations, List of renewable energy topics by country, List of solar thermal power stations, Lists of renewable energy topics, Lopburi Solar Farm, Louis Palmer, Low-carbon economy, M. V. Ramana, Maricopa County, Arizona, Marine energy, Mark Diesendorf, Mark Z. Jacobson, Martin Green (professor), Martin Vosseler, Mascoma Corporation, Mature technology, Mesquite Solar project, Mexico, Michael Boxwell, Michael Grätzel, Mojave Desert, Monica Oliphant, Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station, Morocco, Municipal solid waste, Nameplate capacity, Nanotechnology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Nevada Solar One, Nuclear power, Nuclear reactor, Ocean Power Technologies, OECD, Okhotnykovo Solar Park, Orbit, Outer space, Panicum virgatum, Perovo Solar Park, Peter Droege, Peter Taylor (environmentalist), Phil Radford, Photovoltaic power station, Photovoltaic system, Photovoltaics, POET, Power station, Presidency of Barack Obama, PS10 solar power plant, PS20 solar power plant, Public policy, Q-Cells, Rance (river), Rance Tidal Power Station, Reedsport, Oregon, Reinventing Fire, REN21, Renewable energy, Renewable energy in the United States, Research and development, Return on investment, Richard L. Crowther, Richard Levine, Riverside County, California, Rocky Mountain Institute, Rolf Disch, Ron Pernick, Roscoe Wind Farm, Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant, San Bernardino County, California, San Luis Obispo County, California, Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant, Satellite, Sempra Energy, Senftenberg Solarpark, Sharp Solar, Shepherds Flat Wind Farm, Shi Zhengrong, Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, Sinovel, Smart grid, Solar cell, Solar energy, Solar Energy Generating Systems, Solar Energy Perspectives, Solar power, Solar power in Australia, Solar power in Belgium, Solar power in China, Solar power in France, Solar power in Germany, Solar power in India, Solar power in Italy, Solar power in Japan, Solar power in South Africa, Solar power in Spain, Solar power in the United Kingdom, Solar power in the United States, Solar thermal collector, Solar thermal energy, Solarpark Finow Tower, Solnova Solar Power Station, Solyndra, Space, Stack effect, Stand-alone power system, Stanford R. Ovshinsky, State of the Union, States of Germany, Stefan Krauter, Stern Review, Stuart Wenham, Sugarcane, Sun, SunOpta, SunPower, Sustainable biofuel, Sustainable energy, Suzlon, Targray, Tetsunari Iida, The Clean Tech Revolution, The Guardian, The Third Industrial Revolution, Think tank, Thomas H. Stoner Jr., Three Gorges Dam, Tidal power, Time, Topaz Solar Farm, Trina Solar, United Nations Environment Programme, Vestas, Vortex, Vortex engine, Watt, Whitelee Wind Farm, Wind power, Wind power in Denmark, Wind power in Germany, Wind power in Portugal, Wind power in Spain, Wind turbine, World Bank, World Council for Renewable Energy, World oil market chronology from 2003, Xethanol, Xinhua News Agency, Yingli, 100% renewable energy, 1973 oil crisis. Expand index (259 more) »

Abengoa

Abengoa S.A. is a Spanish multinational corporation, which includes companies in the domains of energy, telecommunications, transportation, and the environment.

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Achim Steiner

Achim Steiner (born 17 May 1961) is an environmentalist, of Brazilian-German ancestry, who currently serves as the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme.

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Agora Energiewende

Agora Energiewende is a think tank supporting the ''Energiewende'' in Germany.

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Agua Caliente Solar Project

The Agua Caliente Solar Project is a 290 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station, built in Yuma County, Arizona using thin-film technology based CdTe PV panels manufactured by First Solar.

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Al Gore

Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Alan Pears

Alan Pears, AM, is an environmental consultant, and a pioneer of energy efficiency policy in Australia since the late 1970s.

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Alta Wind Energy Center

Alta Wind Energy Center (AWEC), also known as Mojave Wind Farm, is the third largest onshore wind energy project in the world.

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American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy

The American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, or ACEEE, is a nonprofit, 501(c)(3) organization.

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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009.

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Amory Lovins

Amory Bloch Lovins (born November 13, 1947) is an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute.

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Andasol Solar Power Station

The Andasol solar power station is a 150-megawatt (MW) concentrated solar power station and Europe's first commercial plant to use parabolic troughs.

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Andrew Blakers

Professor Andrew Blakers, is Director of the Australian National University Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems, which employs 60 staff.

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Arlington, Arizona

Arlington is a census-designated place in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located about 40 miles west of Phoenix on old U.S 80.

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Arthur Nozik

Arthur Nozik is a researcher at the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL).

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Atmosphere

An atmosphere is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.

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Électricité de France

Électricité de France S.A. (EDF; Electricity of France) is a French electric utility company, largely owned by the French state.

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Ban Ki-moon

Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Base load

The base load on a grid is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time, for example, one week.

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Benjamin K. Sovacool

Benjamin K. Sovacool is director of the Danish Center for Energy Technology at the Department of Business Technology and Development and a professor of social sciences at Aarhus University.

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Binary cycle

A binary cycle power plant is a type of geothermal power plant that allows cooler geothermal reservoirs to be used than is necessary for dry steam and flash steam plants.

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Biodiesel

Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.

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Bioenergy

Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources.

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Biomass

Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.

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Biorefinery

A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass.

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Bloomberg Businessweek

Bloomberg Businessweek is an American weekly business magazine published by Bloomberg L.P. Businessweek was founded in 1929.

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BlueFire Renewables

BlueFire Renewables (previously BlueFire Ethanol) is a biofuel company that produces a cellulose-to-ethanol solution using wood waste, agricultural residue and municipal waste.

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Blythe Mesa Solar Power Project

The Blythe Mesa Solar Power Project is a planned 485 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station in Riverside County, California.

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Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark

Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark is photovoltaic power station, located at a former military airfield in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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BrightSource Energy

BrightSource Energy, Inc. is an Oakland, California based, corporation that designs, builds, finances, and operates utility-scale solar power plants.

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Brittany

Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.

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Building-integrated photovoltaics

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights, or facades.

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Business as usual (business)

Business as usual (BAU) - the normal execution of standard functional operations within an organization - forms a possible contrast to projects or programmes which might introduce change.

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California Valley Solar Ranch

The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power plant in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley.

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California Valley, California

California Valley is an unincorporated community located in the eastern part of San Luis Obispo County, California, in the northern portion of the Carrizo Plain.

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Canadian Solar

Canadian Solar Inc. is a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: CSIQ) that manufactures solar PV modules and provides turn-key solar energy solutions.

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Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm

The Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm is located in Sterling and Coke counties, Texas.

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Carrizo Plain

The Carrizo Plain is a large enclosed grassland plain, approximately long and up to across, in southeastern San Luis Obispo County, California, about northwest of Los Angeles.

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Catching the Sun (film)

Catching the Sun is a documentary film on the growth of the solar power industry that premiered on Netflix in April, 2016.

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Cellulosic ethanol

Cellulosic ethanol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) produced from cellulose (the stringy fiber of a plant) rather than from the plant's seeds or fruit.

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Center for Resource Solutions

Center for Resource Solutions (CRS) is a nonprofit organization based in the Presidio in San Francisco, California.

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Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code

Chapter 11 is a chapter of Title 11, the United States Bankruptcy Code, which permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States.

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Chimney

A chimney is a structure that provides ventilation for hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere.

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Chris Goodall

Christopher Frank William Goodall (born 29 December 1955) is an English businessman, author and expert on new energy technologies.

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Clark Mountain Range

The Clark Mountain Range is located in southeastern California, north of Interstate 15 and the community of Mountain Pass.

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Clean Edge

Clean Edge, Inc., founded in 2000, is an American research and advisory firm devoted to the clean-tech sector.

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Clean Energy Trends

Clean Energy Trends is a series of reports by Clean Edge which examine markets for solar, wind, geothermal, fuel cells, biofuels, and other clean energy technologies.

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Clean Tech Nation

Clean Tech Nation: How the U.S. Can Lead in the New Global Economy is a 2012 book written by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder.

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Climate change

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).

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Climate change denial

Climate change denial, or global warming denial, is part of the global warming controversy.

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Clint Wilder

Clint Wilder is a business journalist who has covered the high-tech and clean-tech industries since 1985.

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Combustion

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

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Concentrated solar power

Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area.

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Convection

Convection is the heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids, including molten rock (rheid).

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Coos Bay, Oregon

Coos Bay (Coos language: Atsixiis) is a city located in Coos County, Oregon, United States, where the Coos River enters Coos Bay on the Pacific Ocean.

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Corn stover

Corn stover consists of the leaves, stalks, and cobs of maize (corn) (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) plants left in a field after harvest.

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Cost of electricity by source

In electrical power generation, the distinct ways of generating electricity incur significantly different costs.

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Council on Foreign Relations

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), founded in 1921, is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Daimler AG

Daimler AG is a German multinational automotive corporation.

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David Faiman

David Faiman (born 1944 in the United Kingdom) is an Israeli engineer and physicist.

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David Mills (solar researcher)

David R. Mills (born 1946) is a researcher who has been active in solar energy research in Australia since 1975, working at the University of Sydney as a Principal Research Fellow till 2005.

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Denis Hayes

Denis Allen Hayes (born August 29, 1944) is an environmental advocate and proponent of solar power.

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Deploying Renewables 2011

Deploying Renewables 2011: Best and Future Policy Practice is a 2011 book by the International Energy Agency.

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Desert Sunlight Solar Farm

The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm is a 550 megawatt (MWAC) photovoltaic power station approximately six miles north of Desert Center, California, in the Mojave Desert.

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Developing country

A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Diffusion of innovations

Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread.

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Distributed generation

Distributed generation, also distributed energy, on-site generation (OSG) or district/decentralized energy is electrical generation and storage performed by a variety of small, grid-connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources (DER).

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Earth Policy Institute

Earth Policy Institute was an independent non-profit environmental organization based in Washington, D.C. in the United States.

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East Oregonian

The East Oregonian (EO) is a daily newspaper published in Pendleton, Oregon, United States and covering Umatilla and Morrow counties.

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Eco-Tariffs

An Eco-tariff, also known as an environmental tariff, is a trade barrier erected for the purpose of reducing pollution and improving the environment.

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Ecotax

An Ecotax (short for ecological taxation) is a tax levied on activities which are considered to be harmful to the environment and is intended to promote environmentally friendly activities via economic incentives.

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Efficient energy use

Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services.

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Eggebek Solar Park

The Eggebek Solar Park was Germany's largest photovoltaic power station when completed in August 2011, and one of the largest in the world.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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EKOenergy

EKOenergy is an ecolabel for electricity.

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Electricity

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.

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Elon Musk

Elon Reeve Musk (born June 28, 1971) is an American business magnate, investor and engineer.

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Enercon

Enercon GmbH, based in Aurich, Lower Saxony, Germany, is the fourth-largest wind turbine manufacturer in the world and has been the market leader in Germany since the mid-nineties.

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Energiewende in Germany

The Energiewende (German for energy transition) is the planned transition by Germany to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply.

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Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

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Energy demand management

Energy demand management, also known as demand-side management (DSM) or demand-side response (DSR), is the modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and behavioral change through education.

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Energy mix

The energy mix is a group of different primary energy sources from which secondary energy for direct use - usually electricity - is produced.

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Energy policy

Energy policy is the manner in which a given entity (often governmental) has decided to address issues of energy development including energy production, distribution and consumption.

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Energy Policy Act of 2005

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 is a bill passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on August 8, 2005, at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

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Energy security

Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption.

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Energy security and renewable technology

The environmental benefits of renewable energy technologies are widely recognised, but the contribution that they can make to energy security is less well known.

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Energy subsidies

Energy subsidies are measures that keep prices for consumers below market levels or for producers above market levels, or reduce costs for consumers and producers.

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Energy transition

Energy transition is generally defined as a long-term structural change in energy systems.

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Enhanced geothermal system

An enhanced geothermal system (EGS) generates geothermal electricity without the need for natural convective hydrothermal resources.

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Environmental skepticism

Environmental skepticism is the belief that claims by environmentalists, and the environmental scientists who support them, are false or exaggerated.

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Eric Martinot

Eric Martinot is senior research director with the Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies in Tokyo, Japan, specialising in renewable energy commercialization.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethanol fuel

Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel.

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Eurobarometer

Eurobarometer is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the European Commission since 1973.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm

The Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm is the largest onshore wind farm in Romania and in Europe, with installed nameplate capacity of 600 MW from 240 General Electric 2.5xl wind turbines.

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Félix Trombe

Felix Trombe (1906 in Nogent, France – 1985 in Ganties, France) was a French engineer.

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Feed-in tariff

A feed-in tariff (FIT, FiT, standard offer contract, Couture, T., Cory, K., Kreycik, C., Williams, E., (2010). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy advanced renewable tariff, or renewable energy payments) is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies.

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Financial crisis of 2007–2008

The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

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Financial incentives for photovoltaics

Financial incentives for photovoltaics are incentives offered to electricity consumers to install and operate solar-electric generating systems, also known as photovoltaics (PV).

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Finsterwalde Solar Park

The Finsterwalde Solar Park was, in November 2010, the world’s largest photovoltaic plant with 80.7 MWp.

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First Solar

First Solar, Inc. is an American photovoltaic (PV) manufacturer of rigid thin film modules, or solar panels, and a provider of utility-scale PV power plants and supporting services that include finance, construction, maintenance and end-of-life panel recycling. First Solar uses cadmium telluride (CdTe) as a semiconductor to produce CdTe-panels, that are competing successfully with conventional crystalline silicon technology. In 2009, First Solar became the first solar panel manufacturing company to lower its manufacturing cost to $1 per watt and produced CdTe-panels with an efficiency of about 14 percent at a reported cost of 59 cents per watt in 2013. The company was founded in 1990 by inventor Harold McMaster as Solar Cells, Inc. and the Florida Corporation in 1993 with JD Polk. In 1999 it was purchased by True North Partners, LLC, who rebranded it as First Solar, Inc. The company went public in 2006, trading on the NASDAQ. Its current chief executive is Mark Widmar, who succeeded the previous CEO James Hughes July 1, 2016. First Solar is based in Tempe, Arizona. As of 2010, First Solar was considered the second-largest maker of PV modules worldwide and ranked sixth in Fast Company’s list of the world's 50 most innovative companies. In 2011, it ranked first on Forbes’s list of America’s 25 fastest-growing technology companies. It is listed on the Photovoltaik Global 30 Index since the beginning of this stock index in 2009. The company was also listed as No. 1 in Solar Power World magazine’s 2012 and 2013 rankings of solar contractors.

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Flexible-fuel vehicle

A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol or methanol fuel, and both fuels are stored in the same common tank.

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Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as "Ford") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.

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Fossil fuel

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.

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Fossil fuels lobby

"Fossil fuels lobby" is the umbrella term used to name the paid representatives of large fossil fuel (oil, gas, coal) and electric utilities corporations who attempt to influence governmental policy.

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Fowler Ridge Wind Farm

The Fowler Ridge Wind Farm is a wind farm in Benton County, Indiana, near the city of Fowler, IN about northwest of Lafayette and northwest of Indianapolis.

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Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

The was an energy accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima Prefecture, initiated primarily by the tsunami following the Tōhoku earthquake on 11 March 2011.

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Gansu Wind Farm

The Gansu Wind Farm Project or Jiuquan Wind Power Base is a group of large wind farms under construction in western Gansu province in China.

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Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts organic- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

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Gaspar Makale

Gaspar Makale (1960 circa. to December 2007, Tanzania) was one of the pioneers of solar electrification in the African Great Lakes.

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GE Power

GE Power (formerly known as GE Energy) is an American energy techniques company, owned by General Electric.

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General Motors

General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.

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Geothermal power

Geothermal power is power generated by geothermal energy.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

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Goldwind

Goldwind (parent company Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese wind turbine manufacturer headquartered in Beijing, China.

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Green economy

The green economy is defined as an economy that aims at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for sustainable development without degrading the environment.

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Greenhouse gas

A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.

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Grid parity

Grid parity (or socket parity) occurs when an alternative energy source can generate power at a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) that is less than or equal to the price of purchasing power from the electricity grid.

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Gujarat Solar Park

Gujarat Solar Parks are solar power generating parks being constructed in Gujarat, India.

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Guri Dam

The Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant also Guri Dam (Central Hidroeléctrica Simón Bolívar or Represa de Guri) is a concrete gravity and embankment dam in Bolívar State, Venezuela on the Caroni River built from 1963 to 1969.

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Hans-Josef Fell

Hans-Josef Fell (born 7 January 1952 in Hammelburg, German) was a member of the German Parliamentary Group Alliance 90/ the Greens from 1998 to 2013.

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Harrison Fraker

Harrison Fraker, FAIA is a professor of Architecture and Urban Design, and the former Dean of the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design.

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Hélène Pelosse

Hélène Pelosse (born 5 March 1970) was the first elected Interim Director-General of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

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Hermann Scheer

Hermann Scheer (29 April 1944 – 14 October 2010) was a Social Democrat member of the German Bundestag (parliament), President of Eurosolar (European Association for Renewable Energy) and General Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy.

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Hinkley Point C nuclear power station

Hinkley Point C nuclear power station (HPC) is a project to construct a 3,200 MWe nuclear power station with two EPR reactors in Somerset, England.

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HM Treasury

Her Majesty's Treasury (HM Treasury), sometimes referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is the British government department responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy.

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Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center

Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center is a large wind farm with 735.5 megawatt (MW) capacity.

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Huang Ming (entrepreneur)

Huang Ming (born 1958) is a Chinese solar energy researcher and entrepreneur.

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Huanghe Hydropower Golmud Solar Park

Huanghe Hydropower's Golmud Solar park is a 200 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station located in Golmud, Qinghai Province, China.

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Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.

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Hydropower

Hydropower or water power (from ύδωρ, "water") is power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts.

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International Energy Agency

The International Energy Agency (IEA) (Agence internationale de l'énergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.

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International Renewable Energy Agency

The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organization to promote adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy.

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International Solar Energy Society

The International Solar Energy Society (ISES) is a global organization for promoting the development and utilisation of renewable energy.

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Itaipu Dam

The Itaipu Dam (Barragem de Itaipu, Represa de Itaipú) is a hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay.

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Ivanpah Solar Power Facility

The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System is a concentrated solar thermal plant in the Mojave Desert.

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JA Solar Holdings

JA Solar Holdings is a solar development company based in Shanghai.

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Jaisalmer Wind Park

The Jaisalmer Wind Park is India's 2nd largest operational onshore wind farm.

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James Dehlsen

James G.P. Dehlsen is an American businessman and entrepreneur.

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Jan Hamrin

Jan Hamrin has spent 30 years promoting renewable energy through research, policy formulation, and the development of consumer programs.

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Jeremy Leggett

Jeremy Leggett (born 1954) is a British social entrepreneur and writer.

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Jeremy Rifkin

Jeremy Rifkin (born January 26, 1945) is an American economic and social theorist, writer, public speaker, political advisor, and activist.

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Jinko Solar

Jinko Solar is a Chinese manufacturer of photovoltaics and a developer of solar projects.

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Joel Makower

Joel Makower (born 19 February 1952 in Oakland, California) is an entrepreneur, writer, and strategist on sustainable business, clean technology, and green marketing.

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John I. Yellott

John I. Yellott (October 25, 1908 – December 30, 1986) was a scientist internationally recognized as a pioneer in passive solar energy, and an inventor with many patents to his credit.

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John Twidell

John Twidell is Director of the AMSET Centre Ltd.

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Kyocera

() is a Japanese multinational ceramics and electronics manufacturer headquartered in Kyoto, Japan.

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Leonard L. Northrup Jr.

Leonard "Lynn" L. Northrup Jr. (March 18, 1918 – March 24, 2016) was an American engineer who was a pioneer of the commercialization of solar thermal energy.

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Lester R. Brown

Lester Russel Brown (born March 28, 1934) is a United States environmental analyst, founder of the Worldwatch Institute, and founder and former president of the Earth Policy Institute, a nonprofit research organization based in Washington, D.C. BBC Radio commentator Peter Day referred to him as "one of the great pioneer environmentalists." Brown is the author or co-author of over 50 books on global environmental issues and his works have been translated into more than forty languages.

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Lieberose Photovoltaic Park

The Lieberose Photovoltaic Park is a 70.8-megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power plant in Lieberose, Brandenburg, Germany.

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List of energy storage projects

This is a list of energy storage projects worldwide, other than pumped hydro storage.

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List of onshore wind farms

This is a list of the largest onshore wind farms that are currently operational, rated by generating capacity.

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List of renewable energy organizations

This is a list of notable renewable energy organizations.

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List of renewable energy topics by country

This is a list of renewable energy topics by country.

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List of solar thermal power stations

This is a list of the largest facilities generating electricity through the use of solar thermal power, specifically concentrated solar power.

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Lists of renewable energy topics

Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

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Lopburi Solar Farm

The Lopburi Solar Farm is a 55-megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station in Lopburi Province, Thailand.

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Louis Palmer

Louis Palmer (born 1971 in Budapest) is a Swiss keynote speaker, global environmental adventurer, and "Solar Pioneer".

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Low-carbon economy

A low-carbon economy (LCE), low-fossil-fuel economy (LFFE), or decarbonised economy is an economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

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M. V. Ramana

M.

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Maricopa County, Arizona

Maricopa County is a county in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Marine energy

Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes referred to as ocean energy, ocean power, or marine and hydrokinetic energy) refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides, salinity, and ocean temperature differences.

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Mark Diesendorf

Mark Diesendorf is an Australian academic and environmentalist, known for his work in sustainable development and renewable energy.

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Mark Z. Jacobson

Mark Zachary Jacobson (born 1965) is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere/Energy Program.

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Martin Green (professor)

Martin Andrew Green AM ForMemRS (born 20 July 1948) is an Australian professor at the University of New South Wales who works on solar energy.

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Martin Vosseler

Martin Vosseler is a co-founder of the organisation Physicians for Social Responsibility, who has been a renewable energy advocate since 1981.

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Mascoma Corporation

Mascoma Corporation was a U.S. biofuel company founded to produce cellulosic ethanol made from wood and switchgrass.

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Mature technology

A mature technology is a technology that has been in use for long enough that most of its initial faults and inherent problems have been removed or reduced by further development.

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Mesquite Solar project

The Mesquite Solar project is a photovoltaic power plant being built in Arlington, Maricopa County, Arizona, owned by Sempra Generation.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Michael Boxwell

Michael Boxwell (born 1 February 1970) is an eco-technology author who has written the books Owning an Electric Car, Solar Electricity Handbook and Proof of Delivery Buyer's Guide, all published by Greenstream Publishing.

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Michael Grätzel

Michael Grätzel (born 11 May 1944, in Dorfchemnitz, Saxony, Germany) is a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne where he directs the Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces.

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Mojave Desert

The Mojave Desert is an arid rain-shadow desert and the driest desert in North America.

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Monica Oliphant

Monica Viviene Oliphant (born 4 August 1940 in Ilford) is a British–Australian research scientist, specialising in solar energy.

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Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station

The Montalto di Castro photovoltaic power station is a 84 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station at Montalto di Castro in Viterbo province, Italy.

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Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

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Municipal solid waste

Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public.

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Nameplate capacity

Nameplate capacity, also known as the rated capacity, nominal capacity, installed capacity, or maximum effect, is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power plant, Energy Information Administration.

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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), located in Golden, Colorado, specializes in renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development.

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Nevada Solar One

Nevada Solar One is a concentrated solar power plant, with a nominal capacity of 64 MW and maximum steam turbine power output up to 72 MW net (75 MW gross), spread over an area of.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

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Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.

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Ocean Power Technologies

Ocean Power Technologies (O.P.T.) is a US owned renewable energy company, providing power generation devices, services and related equipment for the extraction of energy from ocean waves. The company's PowerBuoy technology is scalable to hundreds of megawatts and the generated energy from Wave Power is supplied to the grid via submarine cables. Projects are now underway around the world. Ocean Power Technologies Australasia Pty Ltd, OPTA is an Australian owned subsidiary of Ocean Power Technologies Inc (OPT), currently engaged in wave power projects in Australia. Ocean Power Technologies Limited is the UK-based wholly owned subsidiary.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Okhotnykovo Solar Park

The Okhotnykovo Solar Power Station is a Photovoltaic power station in Crimea with installed capacity of 82,65 megawatts (MW).

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Orbit

In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet.

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Outer space

Outer space, or just space, is the expanse that exists beyond the Earth and between celestial bodies.

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Panicum virgatum

Panicum virgatum, commonly known as switchgrass, is a perennial warm season bunchgrass native to North America, where it occurs naturally from 55°N latitude in Canada southwards into the United States and Mexico.

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Perovo Solar Park

The Perovo Solar Park is a 100 MWp photovoltaic power station located at Perovo, Simferopol Raion, Crimea.

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Peter Droege

Peter Droege Prof.

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Peter Taylor (environmentalist)

Peter Taylor (born 24 January 1948) is a UK environmentalist with a long track record of public activism and scholarship on issues ranging from nuclear safety, ocean pollution, biodiversity strategies, renewable energy and climate change.

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Phil Radford

Philip David Radford (born January 2, 1976) is an American environmental, clean energy and democracy leader who served as the youngest executive director of Greenpeace USA.

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Photovoltaic power station

A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, is a large-scale photovoltaic system (PV system) designed for the supply of merchant power into the electricity grid.

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Photovoltaic system

A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics.

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Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics (PV) is a term which covers the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.

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POET

POET LLC is a U.S. biofuel company that specializes in the creation of bioethanol.

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Power station

A power station, also referred to as a power plant or powerhouse and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

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Presidency of Barack Obama

The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as 44th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2017.

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PS10 solar power plant

The PS10 Solar Power Plant (Planta Solar 10), is the world's first commercial concentrating solar power tower operating near Seville, in Andalusia, Spain.

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PS20 solar power plant

The PS20 solar power plant (PS20) solar power plant is a solar thermal energy plant in Sanlucar la Mayor near Seville in Andalusia, Spain.

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Public policy

Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues, in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs.

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Q-Cells

Hanwha Q CELLS Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells with headquarters in Seoul, South Korea and for technology and innovation in Thalheim, Germany.

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Rance (river)

The Rance (Renk, La Rance) is a river of northwestern France.

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Rance Tidal Power Station

The Rance Tidal Power Station is a tidal power station located on the estuary of the Rance River in Brittany, France.

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Reedsport, Oregon

Reedsport is a city in Douglas County, Oregon, United States.

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Reinventing Fire

Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era is a 2011 book, by Amory B. Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute, that explores converting the United States to almost total reliance on renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and wind power.

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REN21

REN21, the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century, is the global renewable energy policy multi-stakeholder network that connects a wide range of key actors.

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Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

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Renewable energy in the United States

Renewable energy accounted for 12.2 % of total primary energy consumption and 14.94 % of the domestically produced electricity in the United States in 2016.

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Research and development

Research and development (R&D, R+D, or R'n'D), also known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), refers to innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, or improving existing services or products.

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Return on investment

Return on investment (ROI) is the ratio between the net profit and cost of investment resulting from an investment of some resource.

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Richard L. Crowther

Richard L. Crowther,, (December 16, 1910 – December 25, 2006) was an architect and author who achieved international renown for his progressive holistic compositions, particularly his pioneering designs employing passive solar energy.

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Richard Levine

Richard Steven "Dick" Levine (born September 11, 1939) is an American environmental architect, solar energy and sustainability pioneer, and professor at the University of Kentucky.

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Riverside County, California

Riverside County, California, is one of fifty-eight counties in the U.S. state of California.

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Rocky Mountain Institute

Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is an organization in the United States dedicated to research, publication, consulting, and lecturing in the general field of sustainability, with a special focus on profitable innovations for energy and resource efficiency.

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Rolf Disch

Rolf Disch is a German architect, solar energy pioneer and environmental activist.

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Ron Pernick

Ron Pernick is an American author and the co-founder and managing director of Clean Edge, a Portland, Oregon research and advisory firm that monitors clean technology markets.

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Roscoe Wind Farm

The Roscoe Wind Farm in Roscoe, Texas, owned and operated by E.ON Climate & Renewables is one of the world's largest capacity wind farms with 634 wind turbines and a total installed capacity of 781.5 MW.

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Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant

The Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant is a 70 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) plant in Northeast Italy, about 17 km west of Rovigo.

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San Bernardino County, California

San Bernardino County, officially the County of San Bernardino, is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California.

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San Luis Obispo County, California

San Luis Obispo County, officially the County of San Luis Obispo, is a county located in California.

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Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant

Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant near Sarnia, Ontario, is Canada's largest photovoltaic plant with an installed capacity of 97 MWP (80 MWAC).

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Satellite

In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit.

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Sempra Energy

Sempra Energy is an American natural gas utilities holding company based in San Diego, California.

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Senftenberg Solarpark

The Senftenberg Solarpark is a photovoltaic power station located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city of Senftenberg, in Eastern Germany.

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Sharp Solar

Sharp Solar, a subsidiary of Sharp Electronics, is a solar energy products company owned by Sharp Corporation and based in Osaka, Japan.

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Shepherds Flat Wind Farm

The Shepherds Flat Wind Farm is an 845 megawatt (MW) wind farm in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Shi Zhengrong

Shi Zhengrong (born on February 10, 1963) is a Chinese-Australian businessman.

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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy

Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, formerly Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica and Grupo Auxiliar Metalúrgico, is a Spanish manufacturing company principally involved in the fabrication of wind turbines and the construction of wind farms.

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Sinovel

Sinovel Wind Group Company is a Chinese wind turbine manufacturer headquartered in Beijing.

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Smart grid

A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficient resources.

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Solar cell

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

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Solar energy

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

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Solar Energy Generating Systems

Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) in California, with the combined capacity from three separate locations at 354 megawatts (MW, 474,700 hp), is now the world's second largest solar thermal energy generating facility, after the commissioning of the even larger Ivanpah facility in 2014.

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Solar Energy Perspectives

Solar Energy Perspectives is a 2011 book by the International Energy Agency.

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Solar power

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.

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Solar power in Australia

Solar power in Australia is a growing industry.

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Solar power in Belgium

Solar power in Belgium reached an installed capacity of 3,425 MW of power generating 2,945 GWh of electricity in 2016 (provisional estimates).

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Solar power in China

China is the world's largest market for both photovoltaics and solar thermal energy.

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Solar power in France

Solar power in France including overseas territories reached an installed capacity figure of 7,165 MW by year end 2016 generating 8,790 GWh of power.

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Solar power in Germany

Solar power in Germany consists almost exclusively of photovoltaics (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net-electricity generation in 2016.

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Solar power in India

Solar power in India is a fast developing industry.

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Solar power in Italy

Solar power in Italy increased rapidly in the last ten years, reaching an installed capacity that ranks fifth in the world.

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Solar power in Japan

Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s.

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Solar power in South Africa

Solar power in South Africa includes photovoltaics (PV) as well as concentrated solar power (CSP).

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Solar power in Spain

Spain is one of the top ten countries by solar photovoltaics installed capacity and the first country for concentrated solar power (CSP) in the world.

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Solar power in the United Kingdom

Solar power represented a very small part of electricity production in United Kingdom until 2011.

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Solar power in the United States

Solar power in the United States includes utility-scale solar power plants as well as local distributed generation, mostly from rooftop photovoltaics.

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Solar thermal collector

A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing sunlight.

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Solar thermal energy

Solar thermal energy (STE) is a form of energy and a technology for harnessing solar energy to generate thermal energy or electrical energy for use in industry, and in the residential and commercial sectors.

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Solarpark Finow Tower

Solarpark Finow Tower is located in Finowfurth, Northeast of Berlin, Germany and is equipped with Suntech modules.

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Solnova Solar Power Station

The Solnova Solar Power Station is a large CSP power station made up of five separate units of each.

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Solyndra

Solyndra was a manufacturer of cylindrical panels of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells based in Fremont, California.

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Space

Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction.

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Stack effect

Stack effect or chimney effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue-gas stacks, or other containers, resulting from air buoyancy.

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Stand-alone power system

A stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS), also known as remote area power supply (RAPS), is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system.

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Stanford R. Ovshinsky

Stanford Robert Ovshinsky (November 24, 1922 – October 17, 2012) was an American inventor and scientist who over a span of fifty years was granted well over 400 patents, mostly in the areas of energy and information.

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State of the Union

The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term.

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States of Germany

Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen states (Land, plural Länder; informally and very commonly Bundesland, plural Bundesländer).

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Stefan Krauter

Stefan Krauter (born 1963 in Göppingen, Germany) is Professor and Entrepreneur in the area of Renewable Energies.

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Stern Review

The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change is a 700-page report released for the Government of the United Kingdom on 30 October 2006 by economist Nicholas Stern, chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics (LSE) and also chair of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) at Leeds University and LSE.

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Stuart Wenham

Stuart Wenham (1957, Sydney – 23 December 2017) was, at the time of his death, the director of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Silicon Photovoltaics and Photonics and Director of Academic Studies of the School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering at the University of New South Wales.

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Sugarcane

Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.

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Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

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SunOpta

SunOpta, Inc. is a multi-national food and mineral company headquartered in Canada and founded in 1973.

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SunPower

SunPower Corporation is an American energy company that designs and manufactures crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and solar panels based on an all-back-contact solar cell invented at Stanford University.

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Sustainable biofuel

Sustainable biofuel is biofuel produced in a sustainable manner.

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Sustainable energy

Sustainable energy is energy that is consumed at insignificant rates compared to its supply and with manageable collateral effects, especially environmental effects.

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Suzlon

Suzlon Energy Ltd. is a wind turbine supplier based in Pune, India.

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Targray

Targray Technology International Inc., commonly referred to as Targray, is a Canadian multinational chemical and electronic materials corporation headquartered in Kirkland, Quebec that supplies advanced materials and supply chain solutions to the international biofuel, lithium-ion battery, energy storage, and photovoltaics industries.

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Tetsunari Iida

Tetsunari Iida (飯田 哲也, Iida Tetsunari; born 1959, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan) is director of the Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies in Japan.

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The Clean Tech Revolution

The Clean Tech Revolution: The Next Big Growth and Investment Opportunity is a 2007 book by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder, who say that commercializing clean technologies is a profitable enterprise that is moving steadily into mainstream business.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Third Industrial Revolution

The Third Industrial Revolution; How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World is a book by Jeremy Rifkin published in 2011.

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Think tank

A think tank, think factory or policy institute is a research institute/center and organisation that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture.

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Thomas H. Stoner Jr.

Thomas H. Stoner Jr. is an energy entrepreneur and writer.

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Three Gorges Dam

The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, China.

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Tidal power

Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.

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Time

Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.

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Topaz Solar Farm

Topaz Solar Farm is a 550 MWp photovoltaic power station in San Luis Obispo County, California.

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Trina Solar

Trina Solar Limited (TSL) is a Chinese company located in the province of Jiangsu, with numerous branches in the USA, Europe and Asia, which is listed on the PPVX solar share index and on the NYSE.

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United Nations Environment Programme

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is an agency of United Nations and coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices.

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Vestas

Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a Danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines.

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Vortex

In fluid dynamics, a vortex (plural vortices/vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved.

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Vortex engine

The concept of a vortex engine or atmospheric vortex engine (AVE), independently proposed by Norman Louat and Louis M. Michaud, aims to replace large physical chimneys with a vortex of air created by a shorter, less-expensive structure.

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Watt

The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.

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Whitelee Wind Farm

Whitelee Wind Farm is the largest on-shore wind farm in the United Kingdom (second in Europe to Fântânele-Cogealac, in Romania) with 215 Siemens and Alstom wind turbines and a total capacity of 539 megawatts (MW).

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Wind power

Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity.

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Wind power in Denmark

Denmark was a pioneer in developing commercial wind power during the 1970s, and today a substantial share of the wind turbines around the world are produced by Danish manufacturers such as Vestas and Siemens Wind Power along with many component suppliers.

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Wind power in Germany

Wind power in Germany is a growing industry.

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Wind power in Portugal

Wind power in Portugal describes wind power in Portugal as part of energy in Portugal and renewable energy in Portugal.

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Wind power in Spain

By year end 2015 Spain was the world's fifth biggest producer of wind power with 23,031 MW installed capacity (including 11 MW of wind-hydro capacity), providing 48,118 GWh of power and 19% of the country's total electricity production in that year.

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Wind turbine

A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World Council for Renewable Energy

The World Council for Renewable Energy defends, develops, and promotes policies on the multinational, governmental, regional and individual levels in favor of the use of natural and renewable forms of energy to replace fossil and nuclear energy.

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World oil market chronology from 2003

From the mid-1980s to September 2003, the inflation adjusted price of a barrel of crude oil on NYMEX was generally under $25/barrel.

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Xethanol

Xethanol was one of the smaller producers of corn ethanol in the United States, and one of the few publicly traded companies developing technology for producing cellulose ethanol.

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Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English) or New China News Agency is the official state-run press agency of the People's Republic of China.

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Yingli

Yingli, formally Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited (-. Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited (NYSE: YGE), known as "Yingli Solar," is one of the world's leading solar panel manufacturers. Yingli Green Energy's manufacturing covers the photovoltaic value chain from ingot casting and wafering through solar cell production and solar panel assembly. Yingli's photovoltaic module capacity is 4 GWs. Yingli is headquartered in Baoding, China and has more than 30 regional subsidiaries and branch offices and has distributed more than 15 GW solar panels to customers worldwide. Yingli Solar was established in 1997 and was the world’s largest PV module manufacturers in the world in 2012 and 2013. Yingli was founded by Liansheng Miao who was a pioneer in Chinese solar manufacturing. Mao worked to persuade other people to encourage the growth of Chinese solar industry as Miao saw that solar manufacturing is an industry in which China can be competitive. Yingli expanded production capacity at a time module prices slumped. Yingli recovered slowly and since early 2015 has faced financial difficulties and has been going through a debt restructuring out of court. In 2015 signed a contract with LONGi to cooperate on monocrystalline products. In the first quarter of 2016 Yingli posted a profit first time since 2011. Yingli has cut workforce and decreased R&D spending. Yingli's cost per watt is 41 cents. The company was a sponsor of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, U.S. men’s and women’s national soccer teams, and FC Bayern Munich. Yingli is a member of the ‘Silicon Module Super League’ (SMSL), a group of big-six c-Si module suppliers in the solar PV industry today. The other five members of the group are Canadian Solar, Hanwha Q CELLS, JA Solar, Trina Solar and Jinko Solar.

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100% renewable energy

The endeavor to use 100% renewable energy for electricity, heating and cooling, and transport is motivated by global warming, pollution and other environmental issues, as well as economic and energy security concerns.

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1973 oil crisis

The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo.

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All Electricity From Renewable Sources, All electricity from renewable sources, All energy from renewable sources, Commercial scale renewable energy, Green energy development, Investment in renewable energy, Non-technical barriers to renewable energy commercialization, Photovoltaic industry, Political barriers to renewable energy commercialization, RELP Renewable Energy Law and Policy Review, Renewable energy commercialisation, Renewable energy development, Renewable energy economy, Renewable energy legislation and incentives, Renewable energy policy, Renewable-energy economy, Renewable-energy society, Sustainable energy development.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization

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