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Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Index Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a peripartum fetus, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of antibodies) produced by the mother pass through the placenta. [1]

71 relations: ABO blood group system, Abortion, Acidosis, Alloimmunity, Anemia, Antibody, Antigen, Bile duct, Bilirubin, Blood transfusion, Blood type, Childbirth, Coombs test, Cytomegalovirus, Diagnosis, Ectopic pregnancy, Edema, Exchange transfusion, Fetal circulation, Fetal-maternal haemorrhage, Fetus, Food and Drug Administration, Globulin, Heart failure, Hemolysis, Hemolytic anemia, Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO), Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell), Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc), Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE), Hepatomegaly, Hepatosplenomegaly, Human blood group systems, Hydrops fetalis, Immune privilege, Immune response, Immune tolerance in pregnancy, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Incidence (epidemiology), Jaundice, Kell antigen system, Kernicterus, Labor induction, Light therapy, Morphology (biology), Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, Neonatal jaundice, Neonatal red cell transfusion, Neutropenia, ..., Nucleated red blood cell, Pallor, Placenta, Pregnancy, Puppy, Red blood cell, Reticulocyte, Reticulocytosis, Rh blood group system, Rh disease, Rho(D) immune globulin, Shortness of breath, Sodium bicarbonate, Splenomegaly, Symptom, Syphilis, Tooth, Toxoplasma gondii, UCSF Medical Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles. Expand index (21 more) »

ABO blood group system

The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes.

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Abortion

Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus.

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Acidosis

Acidosis is a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increased hydrogen ion concentration).

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Alloimmunity

Alloimmunity (sometimes called isoimmunity) is an immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species, which are called alloantigens or isoantigens.

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Anemia

Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Antigen

In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.

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Bile duct

A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates.

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Bilirubin

Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.

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Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.

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Blood type

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).

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Childbirth

Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus by vaginal passage or C-section.

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Coombs test

A Coombs test (also known as antiglobulin test or AGT) is either of two clinical blood tests used in immunohematology and immunology.

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Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (from the Greek cyto-, "cell", and megalo-, "large") is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon.

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Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.

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Edema

Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.

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Exchange transfusion

An exchange transfusion is a blood transfusion in which the patient's blood or components of it are exchanged with (replaced by) other blood or blood products.

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Fetal circulation

In animals that give live birth, the fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a fetus.

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Fetal-maternal haemorrhage

Fetal-maternal haemorrhage is the loss of fetal blood cells into the maternal circulation.

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Fetus

A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Globulin

The globulins are a family of globular proteins that have higher molecular weights than albumins and are insoluble in pure water but dissolve in dilute salt solutions.

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Heart failure

Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.

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Hemolysis

Hemolysis or haemolysis, also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).

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Hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular, but usually in the spleen).

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Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)

In ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (also known as ABO HDN) maternal IgG antibodies with specificity for the ABO blood group system pass through the placenta to the fetal circulation where they can cause hemolysis of fetal red blood cells which can lead to fetal anemia and HDN.

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Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell)

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell1) is the second most common cause of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) after Rh disease.

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Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc)

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc) can range from a mild to a severe disease.

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Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE)

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE) is caused by the anti-RhE antibody of the Rh blood group system.

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Hepatomegaly

Hepatomegaly is the condition of having an enlarged liver.

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Hepatosplenomegaly

Hepatosplenomegaly (commonly abbreviated HSM) is the simultaneous enlargement of both the liver (hepatomegaly) and the spleen (splenomegaly).

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Human blood group systems

The term human blood group systems is defined by International Society of Blood Transfusion as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens—in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them", and include the common ABO and Rh- (Rhesus) antigen systems, as well as many others; thirty-five major human systems are identified as of November 2014.

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Hydrops fetalis

Hydrops fetalis is a condition in the fetus characterized by an accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments.

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Immune privilege

Certain sites of the human body have immune privilege, meaning they are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune response.

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Immune response

The Immune response is the body's response caused by its immune system being activated by antigens.

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Immune tolerance in pregnancy

Immune tolerance in pregnancy or gestational/maternal immune tolerance is the absence of a maternal immune response against (in other words, immune tolerance towards) the fetus and placenta during pregnancy, which thus may be viewed as unusually successful allografts, since they genetically differ from the mother.

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Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody.

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Immunoglobulin M

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is one of several forms of antibody that are produced by vertebrates.

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Incidence (epidemiology)

Incidence in epidemiology is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.

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Jaundice

Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels.

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Kell antigen system

The Kell antigen system (also known as Kell–Cellano system) is a group of antigens on the human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or alloimmune diseases which destroy red blood cells.

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Kernicterus

Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced brain dysfunction.

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Labor induction

Labor induction is the process or treatment that stimulates childbirth and delivery.

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Light therapy

Light therapy—or phototherapy, classically referred to as heliotherapy—consists of exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using polychromatic polarised light, lasers, light-emitting diodes, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps or very bright, full-spectrum light.

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Morphology (biology)

Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

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Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP, NAIT, NATP or NAT) is a disease that affects babies in which the platelet count is decreased.

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Neonatal jaundice

Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels.

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Neonatal red cell transfusion

Neonates are defined as babies up to 28 days after birth.

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Neutropenia

Neutropenia or neutropaenia is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood.

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Nucleated red blood cell

With the exception of mammals, all vertebrate organisms have hemoglobin-containing cells in their blood and all of these red blood cells contain a nucleus.

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Pallor

Pallor is a pale color of the skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulant use, or anemia, and is the result of a reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin and is visible in skin conjuctivae or mucous membrane.

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Placenta

The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.

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Puppy

A puppy is a juvenile dog.

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Red blood cell

Red blood cells-- also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for "red" and kytos for "hollow vessel", with -cyte translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.

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Reticulocyte

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically composing about 1% of the red blood cells in the human body.

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Reticulocytosis

Reticulocytosis is a condition where there is an increase in reticulocytes, immature red blood cells.

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Rh blood group system

The Rh blood group system is one of thirty-five known human blood group systems.

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Rh disease

Rh disease (also known as rhesus isoimmunisation, Rh (D) disease, rhesus incompatibility, rhesus disease, RhD hemolytic disease of the newborn, rhesus D hemolytic disease of the newborn or RhD HDN) is a type of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

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Rho(D) immune globulin

Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIG) is a medication used to prevent Rh isoimmunization in mothers who are Rh negative and to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in people who are Rh positive.

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Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.

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Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.

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Splenomegaly

Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen.

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Symptom

A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.

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Syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.

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Tooth

A tooth (plural teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.

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Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular, parasitic alveolate that causes the disease toxoplasmosis.

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UCSF Medical Center

The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center is a research and teaching hospital in San Francisco, California and is the medical center of the University of California, San Francisco.

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UNC School of Medicine

The University of North Carolina School of Medicine is a professional school within the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

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University of California, Los Angeles

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, United States.

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Redirects here:

Erythroblastosis, Erythroblastosis Fetalis, Erythroblastosis faetalis, Erythroblastosis fatalis, Erythroblastosis fetalis, Erythroblastosis foetalis, Erythroblastosis, fetal, Fetal erythroblastosis, HDFN, HDNB, Haemolythic disease of the newborn, Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn, Haemolytic disease of newborn, Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn, Haemolytic disease of the newborn, Hemolytic Disease of the Fetal-Newborn, Hemolytic disease of newborn, Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, Morbus haemolyticus neonatorum, Rh antibody, Rh incompatibility.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn

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