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Isotretinoin

Index Isotretinoin

Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid (and colloquially referred to by its former brand name Accutane or Roaccutane), is a medication primarily used to treat severe acne. [1]

198 relations: Abortion, Acne, Acne fulminans, Adverse drug reaction, Agonist, Albumin, Anaphylaxis, Anemia, Anxiety, Apoptosis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Arthralgia, Arthritis, Australian Drug Evaluation Committee, Biliary tract, Biological half-life, Blepharitis, Blood vessel, Boxed warning, British National Formulary, Bronchospasm, Calcification, Calcinosis, Carcinogenesis, Cataract, Challenge–dechallenge–rechallenge, Cheilitis, Colitis, Color blindness, Combination drug, Common cold, Comparison of birth control methods, Condom, Conjunctivitis, Connective tissue, Convulsion, Corticosteroid, Covance, Creatine kinase, Depression (mood), Dermatitis, Dermatology, Diabetes mellitus, Dizziness, Dopamine receptor, Dopamine receptor D2, Dry eye syndrome, Epiphyseal plate, Erectile dysfunction, Erythema, ..., Erythema multiforme, Erythromycin, Ethinylestradiol, Etretinate, Exanthem, Exocrine gland, Exostosis, Feces, Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Food and Drug Administration, Frontal lobe, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastrointestinal tract, Gelatinase, Gene regulatory network, Genentech, Genital wart, Glomerulonephritis, Glutamate receptor, Granulation tissue, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hair loss, Harlequin-type ichthyosis, Hematuria, Hepatitis, Hidradenitis suppurativa, High-density lipoprotein, Hippocampus, Hirsutism, Hoarse voice, Hoffmann-La Roche, Human musculoskeletal system, Hypericum perforatum, Hyperostosis, Hyperpigmentation, Hyperuricemia, Hypervitaminosis A, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, Hypothalamus, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Ileitis, Immune system, Inflammatory bowel disease, Informed consent, IPLEDGE program, Irritable bowel syndrome, Isomer, Itch, James Marshall (actor), Keratitis, Keratosis, Kidney, Lamellar ichthyosis, Large intestine, Libido, Lipocalin-2, Lipophilicity, Liver, Locus (genetics), Long bone, Los Angeles Times, Lymphatic system, Malaise, Mechanism of action, Mediastinum, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Meibomian gland, Metabolism, Miscarriage, MMP9, Myalgia, Nail disease, Nausea, Nervous system, Neuroblastoma, Neurogenesis, Neurotransmission, Neutropenia, New Drug Application, Night vision, Norethisterone, Nosebleed, Nuclear receptor, Oligospermia, Oral administration, Orbitofrontal cortex, Osteopenia, Pancreatitis, Papilledema, Paronychia, Pathogenesis, Phenytoin, Photodermatitis, Photophobia, Photosensitivity, Postpartum depression, Prednisolone, Pregnancy category, Progesterone, Proteinuria, Psychiatry, Psychosis, Pyogenic granuloma, Reproductive system, Retinoic acid, Retinoic acid receptor, Retinoid, Retinoid X receptor, Reuptake, Rhabdomyolysis, Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies, Rosacea, Sebaceous gland, Serotonin, Serotonin transporter, Sexual abstinence, Somnolence, Spermatogenesis, Squamous cell carcinoma, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Striatum, Subcutaneous tissue, Suicide, Telomerase, Telomerase reverse transcriptase, Tendinitis, Teratology, Thalidomide, Thorax, Thrombocythemia, Thrombocytopenia, TIMP1, TIMP2, Topical medication, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Transaminase, Tretinoin, Triglyceride, Ulcerative colitis, United States, Urinary system, Urine, Vasculitis, Vitamin A, X-ray, Xeroderma, Xeroderma pigmentosum, 5-HT1A receptor. Expand index (148 more) »

Abortion

Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus.

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Acne

Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.

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Acne fulminans

Acne fulminans (also known as "acute febrile ulcerative acne"Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill..) is a severe form of the skin disease, acne, which can occur after unsuccessful treatment for another form of acne, acne conglobata.

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Adverse drug reaction

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking a medication.

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Agonist

An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.

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Albumin

The albumins (formed from Latin: albumen "(egg) white; dried egg white") are a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins.

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Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.

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Anemia

Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

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Anxiety

Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.

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Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.; often called the Aristotelian University or University of Thessaloniki; Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης) is the sixth oldest and among the most highly ranked tertiary education institutions in Greece.

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Arthralgia

Arthralgia (from Greek arthro-, joint + -algos, pain) literally means joint pain; it is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses (in particular arthritis) or an allergic reaction to medication.

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Arthritis

Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints.

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Australian Drug Evaluation Committee

The Australian Drug Evaluation Committee or ADEC, was a committee that provided independent scientific advice to the Australian Government regarding therapeutic drugs.

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Biliary tract

The biliary tract, (biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile.

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Biological half-life

The biological half-life of a biological substance is the time it takes for half to be removed by biological processes when the rate of removal is roughly exponential.

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Blepharitis

Blepharitis is one of the most common ocular conditions characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, and crusting of the eyelid.

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Blood vessel

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.

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Boxed warning

In the United States, a boxed warning (sometimes "black box warning", colloquially) is a type of warning that appears on the package insert for certain prescription drugs, so called because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifies that it is formatted with a 'box' or border around the text.

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British National Formulary

The British National Formulary (BNF) is a United Kingdom (UK) pharmaceutical reference book that contains a wide spectrum of information and advice on prescribing and pharmacology, along with specific facts and details about many medicines available on the UK National Health Service (NHS).

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Bronchospasm

Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.

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Calcification

Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue.

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Calcinosis

Calcinosis is the formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue.

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Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.

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Cataract

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.

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Challenge–dechallenge–rechallenge

Challenge–dechallenge–rechallenge (CDR) is a medical testing protocol in which a medicine or drug is administered, withdrawn, then re-administered, while being monitored for adverse effects at each stage.

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Cheilitis

Cheilitis is inflammation of the lips.

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Colitis

Colitis is an inflammation of the colon.

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Color blindness

Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.

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Combination drug

A combination drug is a fixed-dose combination (FDC) that includes two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) combined in a single dosage form, which is manufactured and distributed in fixed doses.

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Common cold

The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.

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Comparison of birth control methods

There are many different methods of birth control, which vary in what is required of the user, side effects, and effectiveness.

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Condom

A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device, used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

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Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid.

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Connective tissue

Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

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Convulsion

A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.

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Corticosteroid

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.

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Covance

Covance Inc. is a contract research organization (CRO) headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey, providing drug development and animal testing services.

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Creatine kinase

Creatine kinase (CK), also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phosphocreatine kinase, is an enzyme expressed by various tissues and cell types.

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Depression (mood)

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being.

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Dermatitis

Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that results in inflammation of the skin.

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Dermatology

Dermatology (from ancient Greek δέρμα, derma which means skin and λογία, logia) is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin, nails, hair and its diseases.

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Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

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Dizziness

Dizziness is an impairment in spatial perception and stability.

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Dopamine receptor

Dopamine receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).

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Dopamine receptor D2

Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.

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Dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome (DES), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is the condition of having dry eyes.

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Epiphyseal plate

The epiphyseal plate (or epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate) is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.

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Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity.

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Erythema

Erythema (from the Greek erythros, meaning red) is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.

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Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a skin condition of unknown cause; it is a type of erythema possibly mediated by deposition of immune complexes (mostly IgM-bound complexes) in the superficial microvasculature of the skin and oral mucous membrane that usually follows an infection or drug exposure.

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Erythromycin

Erythromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Ethinylestradiol

Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins.

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Etretinate

Etretinate (trade name Tegison) is a medication developed by Hoffmann–La Roche that was approved by the FDA in 1986 to treat severe psoriasis.

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Exanthem

An exanthem or exanthema (from Greek ἐξάνθημα exánthēma, "a breaking out") is a widespread rash usually occurring in children.

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Exocrine gland

Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct.

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Exostosis

An exostosis (plural: exostoses) or bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.

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Feces

Feces (or faeces) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested in the small intestine.

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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare connective tissue disease.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Frontal lobe

The frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain, is the largest of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain.

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Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

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Gelatinase

In biology and chemistry, gelatinase is a proteolytic enzyme that allows a living organism to hydrolyse gelatin into its sub-compounds (polypeptides, peptides, and amino acids) that can cross the cell membrane and be used by the organism.

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Gene regulatory network

A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.

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Genentech

Genentech, Inc., is a biotechnology corporation which became a subsidiary of Roche in 2009.

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Genital wart

Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

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Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis (GN), also known as glomerular nephritis, is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys).

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Glutamate receptor

Glutamate receptors are synaptic and non synaptic receptors located primarily on the membranes of neuronal and glial cells.

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Granulation tissue

Granulation tissue is new connective tissue and microscopic blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process.

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Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), is a long-term systemic disorder that involves both granulomatosis and polyangiitis.

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Hair loss

Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body.

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Harlequin-type ichthyosis

Harlequin-type ichthyosis is a genetic disorder which results in thickened skin over nearly the entire body at birth.

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Hematuria

Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine.

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Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.

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Hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a long term skin disease characterized by the occurrence of inflamed and swollen lumps.

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High-density lipoprotein

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins.

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Hippocampus

The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.

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Hirsutism

Hirsutism is excessive body hair in men and women on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal, such as on the chin or chest in particular, or the face or body in general.

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Hoarse voice

A hoarse voice, also known as hoarseness or dysphonia, is when the voice involuntarily sounds breathy, raspy, or strained, or is softer in volume or lower in pitch.

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Hoffmann-La Roche

F.

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Human musculoskeletal system

The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems.

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Hypericum perforatum

Hypericum perforatum, known as perforate St John's-wort, common Saint John's wort and St John's wort, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae.

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Hyperostosis

Hyperostosis is an excessive growth of bone.

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Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is the darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin.

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Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.

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Hypervitaminosis A

Hypervitaminosis A refers to the toxic effects of ingesting too much preformed vitamin A. Symptoms arise as a result of altered bone metabolism and altered metabolism of other fat-soluble vitamins.

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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the thalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys).

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Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.

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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause.

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Ileitis

Ileitis is an inflammation of the ileum, a portion of the small intestine.

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Immune system

The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.

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Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine.

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Informed consent

Informed consent is a process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person, or for disclosing personal information.

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IPLEDGE program

The iPLEDGE program is a mandatory distribution program in the United States for isotretinoin (sold under the trade name Accutane, among others).

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Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a group of symptoms—including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage.

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Isomer

An isomer (from Greek ἰσομερής, isomerès; isos.

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Itch

Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.

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James Marshall (actor)

James David Greenblatt (born January 2, 1967), best known as James Marshall, is an American actor, known for playing the character James Hurley in the cult television series Twin Peaks (1990–1991), its 1992 prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, and its 2017 revival, and for his role as Private Louden Downey in A Few Good Men (1992).

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Keratitis

Keratitis is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed.

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Keratosis

Keratosis (from kerat- + -osis) is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis.

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Kidney

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.

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Lamellar ichthyosis

Lamellar ichthyosis, also known as ichthyosis lamellaris and nonbullous congenital ichthyosis, is a rare inherited skin disorder, affecting around 1 in 600,000 people.

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Large intestine

The large intestine, also known as the large bowel or colon, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates.

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Libido

Libido, colloquially known as sex drive, is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity.

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Lipocalin-2

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as oncogene 24p3 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LCN2 gene.

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Lipophilicity

Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly"), refers to the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Locus (genetics)

A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).

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Long bone

The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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Lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is part of the vascular system and an important part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning "water") directionally towards the heart.

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Malaise

Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort, uneasiness or pain, often the first indication of an infection or other disease.

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Mechanism of action

In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.

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Mediastinum

The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.

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Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom which is responsible for ensuring that medicines and medical devices work and are acceptably safe.

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Meibomian gland

The Meibomian glands (often written with a small m, and also called tarsal glands) are a holocrine type of exocrine glands, at the rim of the eyelids inside the tarsal plate, responsible for the supply of meibum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Miscarriage

Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.

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MMP9

Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), also known as 92 kDa type IV collagenase, 92 kDa gelatinase or gelatinase B (GELB), is a matrixin, a class of enzymes that belong to the zinc-metalloproteinases family involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix.

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Myalgia

Myalgia, or muscle pain, is a symptom of many diseases and disorders.

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Nail disease

A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.

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Nausea

Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.

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Nervous system

The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

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Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue. It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands, but can also develop in the neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. Symptoms may include bone pain, a lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest, or a painless bluish lump under the skin. Occasionally, neuroblastoma may be due to a mutation inherited from a person's parents. Environmental factors have not been found to be involved. Diagnosis is based on a tissue biopsy. Occasionally it may be found in a baby by ultrasound during pregnancy. At diagnosis, the cancer has usually already spread. The cancer is divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on a child's age, cancer stage, and what the cancer looks like. Treatment and outcomes depends on the risk group a person is in. Treatments may include observation, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. Low-risk disease in babies typically has a good outcome with surgery or simply observation. In high-risk disease, chances of long-term survival, however, are less than 40% despite aggressive treatment. Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in babies and the third-most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. About one in every 7,000 children is affected at some time. About 90% of cases occur in children less than 5 years old and it is rare in adults. Of cancer deaths in children, about 15% are due to neuroblastoma. The disease was first described in the 1800s.

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Neurogenesis

Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, known as neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSC)s, and it occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans.

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Neurotransmission

Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through"), also called synaptic transmission, is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and activate the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron).

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Neutropenia

Neutropenia or neutropaenia is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood.

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New Drug Application

The Food and Drug Administration's New Drug Application (NDA) is the vehicle in the United States through which drug sponsors formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing.

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Night vision

Night vision is the ability to see in low-light conditions.

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Norethisterone

Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone and sold under the brand names Aygestin and Primolut N among many others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders.

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Nosebleed

A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose.

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Nuclear receptor

In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules.

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Oligospermia

Terms oligospermia and oligozoospermia refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm and is a common finding in male infertility.

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Oral administration

| name.

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Orbitofrontal cortex

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making.

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Osteopenia

Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal.

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Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.

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Papilledema

Papilledema (or papilloedema) is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure due to any cause.

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Paronychia

Paronychia is a nail disease that is an often-tender bacterial or fungal infection of the hand or foot where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail.

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Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism (or mechanisms) that leads to the diseased state.

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Phenytoin

Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anti-seizure medication.

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Photodermatitis

Photodermatitis, sometimes referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy, is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure.

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Photophobia

Photophobia is a symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light.

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Photosensitivity

Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light.

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Postpartum depression

Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes.

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Prednisolone

Prednisolone is a steroid medication used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers.

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Pregnancy category

The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Proteinuria

Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine.

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Psychiatry

Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

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Psychosis

Psychosis is an abnormal condition of the mind that results in difficulties telling what is real and what is not.

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Pyogenic granuloma

Pyogenic granuloma (also known as a "eruptive hemangioma", "granulation tissue-type hemangioma", "granuloma gravidarum", "lobular capillary hemangioma", "pregnancy tumor", and "tumor of pregnancy") is a vascular lesion that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an overgrowth of tissue due to irritation, physical trauma, or hormonal factors.

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Reproductive system

The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

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Retinoic acid

Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that mediates the functions of vitamin A required for growth and development.

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Retinoic acid receptor

The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a type of nuclear receptor which can also act as a transcription factor that is activated by both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid.

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Retinoid

The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it.

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Retinoid X receptor

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by 9-cis retinoic acid, which is discussed controversially to be of endogenous relevance, and 9-cis-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid, which is likely to be the major endogenous mammalian RXR-selective agonist.

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Reuptake

Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.

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Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly.

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Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies

Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies is a program of the US Food and Drug Administration for the monitoring of medications with a high potential for serious adverse effects.

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Rosacea

Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that typically affects the face.

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Sebaceous gland

Sebaceous glands are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals.

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Serotonin

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.

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Serotonin transporter

The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene.

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Sexual abstinence

Sexual abstinence or sexual restraint is the practice of refraining from some or all aspects of sexual activity for medical, psychological, legal, social, financial, philosophical, moral, or religious reasons.

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Somnolence

Somnolence (alternatively "sleepiness" or "drowsiness") is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).

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Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

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Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinomas, also known as epidermoid carcinoma are a number of different types of cancer that result from squamous cells.

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Stevens–Johnson syndrome

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction.

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Striatum

The striatum, or corpus striatum (also called the neostriatum and the striate nucleus) is a nucleus (a cluster of neurons) in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain.

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Subcutaneous tissue

The subcutaneous tissue, also called the hypodermis, hypoderm, subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates.

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Suicide

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death.

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Telomerase

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

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Telomerase reverse transcriptase

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex.

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Tendinitis

Tendinitis (also tendonitis), meaning inflammation of a tendon, is a type of tendinopathy often confused with the more common tendinosis, which has similar symptoms but requires different treatment.

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Teratology

Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development.

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Thalidomide

Thalidomide, sold under the brand name Immunoprin, among others, is an immunomodulatory drug and the prototype of the thalidomide class of drugs.

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Thorax

The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ thorax "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via thorax) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

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Thrombocythemia

Thrombocythemia (also thrombocytosis) is the presence of high platelet (thrombocyte) counts in the blood, and can be either primary (also termed essential thrombocythemia, and caused by a myeloproliferative disease) or secondary (also termed reactive).

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Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood.

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TIMP1

TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, also known as TIMP1, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, is a glycoprotein that is expressed from the several tissues of organisms.

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TIMP2

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) is a gene and a corresponding protein.

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Topical medication

A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.

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Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a type of severe skin reaction.

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Transaminase

Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid.

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Tretinoin

Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia.

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Triglyceride

A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride).

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Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Urinary system

The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.

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Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.

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Vasculitis

Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation.

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Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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Xeroderma

Xeroderma or xerodermia (also known as xerosis cutis), derived from the Greek words for "dry skin", is a condition involving the integumentary system, which in most cases can safely be treated with emollients or moisturizers.

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Xeroderma pigmentosum

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disorder in which there is a decreased ability to repair DNA damage such as that caused by ultraviolet (UV) light.

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5-HT1A receptor

The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptor (5-HT receptor) that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).

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Redirects here:

13-cis retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, ATC code D10AD04, ATC code D10BA01, ATCvet code QD10AD04, ATCvet code QD10BA01, Absorica, Accure, Accutane, Accutane isotretinoin, Acutane, Acutane embryopathy, Aknenormin, Amnesteem, Curatane, Decutan, Epuris, Isohexal, Isotretinion, Isotretinoin embryopathy, Isotretinoine, Isotretoin, Isotrex, Isotroin, Oratane, Roaccutan, Roaccutane, Sotret, Tretiva.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotretinoin

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