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131 relations: Abbas I of Persia, Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns, Abbas II of Persia, Accoutrements, Afsharid dynasty, Akhaltsikhe, Alamut Castle, Allahverdi Khan, Armenian language, Armenians, Azerbaijani language, Baghdati, Bagrat VII of Kartli, Bagrationi dynasty, Bakhtrioni uprising, Bektash of Kakheti, Bullion, Caucasus, Circassians, Constantine I of Kakheti, Constantine II of Kakheti, Culture of Georgia (country), Dastan, David II of Kakheti, David XI of Kartli, De facto, Dutch Republic, Dutch rijksdaalder, Eyalet, Farahabad, Mazandaran, Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani, Fineness, Firman, Floruit, Ganja, Azerbaijan, George III of Imereti, George XI of Kartli, Georgia (country), Georgian architecture, Georgian language, Georgians, Gilan Province, Giorgi Saakadze, Gorgan, Heraclius I of Kakheti, History of the Jews in Georgia, Iranian Georgians, Iranian peoples, Iranian toman, Isfahan, ..., Ismail I, Jean Chardin, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Jesse of Kartli, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Jurisprudence, Kaikhosro of Kartli, Kay Kāvus, Khan (title), Khuzestan Province, Kingdom of Imereti, Kingdom of Kakheti, Kingdom of Kartli, Lala (title), Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign, Levan II Dadiani, Levan of Kartli, List of Qurchi-bashis, List of Tupchi-bashis, Luarsab I of Kartli, Luarsab II of Kartli, Manuchar II Jaqeli, Manuchar III Jaqeli, Mariam Dadiani, Mazandaran Province, Mint (facility), Nader Shah, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39), Panchatantra, Peace of Amasya, Persian language, Prince Bakar of Kartli, Principality of Mingrelia, Qabus-Nama, Qizilbash, Qom, Quran, Qurchi (royal bodyguard), Republic of Venice, Rostom of Kartli, Russo-Persian War (1722–1723), Sack of Shamakhi (1721), Safavid dynasty, Safavid Karabakh, Safavid Shirvan, Safi of Persia, Samtskhe atabegate, Shah, Shahnameh, Shamakhi, Shia Islam, Shiraz, Siege of Isfahan, Silk, Simon I of Kartli, Simon II of Kartli, Spanish real, Suleiman of Persia, Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani, Sultan, Sultan Husayn, Tabriz, Tahmasp I, Tbilisi, Teimuraz I of Kakheti, Teimuraz II of Kakheti, Treaty of Constantinople (1590), Treaty of Constantinople (1724), Treaty of Zuhab, Undiladze, Vakhtang VI of Kartli, Vali (governor), Vassal, Vis and Rāmin, Visramiani, Viticulture, Widow, Wilayah, Wine cellar, Yerevan. Expand index (81 more) »
Abbas I of Persia
Shāh Abbās the Great or Shāh Abbās I of Persia (شاه عباس بزرگ; 27 January 157119 January 1629) was the 5th Safavid Shah (king) of Iran, and is generally considered the strongest ruler of the Safavid dynasty.
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Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns
Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns refers to the four campaigns Safavid king Abbas I led between 1614-1617, in his East Georgian vassal kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18).
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Abbas II of Persia
Shah Abbas II (Shāh Abbās) (30 August 1632 – 26 October 1666), was the seventh Safavid king (shah) of Iran, ruling from 1642 to 1666.
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Accoutrements
Accoutrements are the personal/individual equipment of service people such as soldiers, sailors, police and firemen and employees of some private organizations such as security guards, other than their basic uniform and weapons.
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Afsharid dynasty
The Afsharid dynasty (افشاریان) were members of an Iranian dynasty that originated from the Turkic Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, ruling Persia in the mid-eighteenth century.
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Akhaltsikhe
Akhaltsikhe (ახალციხე, literally "new castle"; formerly known as Lomsia) is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region (mkhare) of Samtskhe-Javakheti.
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Alamut Castle
Alamut (الموت, meaning "eagle's nest") was a mountain fortress located in Alamut region in the South Caspian province of Daylam near the Rudbar region in Persia, approximately 100 km (60 mi) from present-day Tehran.
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Allahverdi Khan
Allahverdi Khan (اللّه وردی خان, ალავერდი-ხანი) (ca. 1560 – June 3, 1613) was an Iranian general and statesman of Georgian origin who, initially a ghulām ("military slave"), rose to high office in the Safavid state.
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Armenian language
The Armenian language (reformed: հայերեն) is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the Armenians.
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Armenians
Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.
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Azerbaijani language
Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, who are concentrated mainly in Transcaucasia and Iranian Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan).
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Baghdati
Baghdati (ბაღდათი) is a town of 3,700 people in the Imereti region of western Georgia, at the edge of the Ajameti forest on the river Khanistskali, a tributary of the Rioni.
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Bagrat VII of Kartli
Bagrat Khan also known as Bagrat VII (ბაგრატ VII) (1569–1619), was King of Kartli, eastern Georgia, effectively serving as a khan for the Persian shah Abbas I from 1615/1616 to 1619.
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Bagrationi dynasty
The Bagrationi dynasty (bagrat’ioni) is a royal family that reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, this royal line is often referred to as the Georgian Bagratids (a Hellenized form of their dynastic name), also known in English as the Bagrations. The common origin with the Armenian Bagratuni dynasty has been accepted by several scholars Toumanoff, Cyril, "Armenia and Georgia", in The Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge, 1966, vol. IV, p. 609. Accessible online at (Although, other sources claim, that dynasty had Georgian roots). Early Georgian Bagratids through dynastic marriage gained the Principality of Iberia after succeeding Chosroid dynasty at the end of the 8th century. In 888, the Georgian monarchy was restored and united various native polities into the Kingdom of Georgia, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV the Builder (1089–1125) and his great granddaughter Tamar the Great (1184–1213) inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age in the history of Georgia.Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: Volume II Africa & the Middle East, 1980, pp. 56-67 After fragmentation of the unified Kingdom of Georgia in the late 15th century, the branches of the Bagrationi dynasty ruled the three breakaway Georgian kingdoms, Kingdom of Kartli, Kingdom of Kakheti, and Kingdom of Imereti, until Russian annexation in the early 19th century. While the Treaty of Georgievsk's 3rd Article guaranteed continued sovereignty for the Bagrationi dynasty and their continued presence on the Georgian Throne, the Russian Imperial Crown later broke the terms of the treaty, and their treaty became an illegal annexation. The dynasty persisted within the Russian Empire as an Imperial Russian noble family until the 1917 February Revolution. The establishment of Soviet rule in Georgia in 1921 forced some members of the family to accept demoted status and loss of property in Georgia, others relocated to Western Europe, although some repatriated after Georgian independence in 1991.
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Bakhtrioni uprising
The Bakhtrioni uprising was a general revolt in the eastern Georgian Kingdom of Kakheti against the political domination of Safavid Persia, in 1659.
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Bektash of Kakheti
Bektash Beg Torkman, also commonly referred to as Bektash of Kakheti (d. 1615), was a Safavid military leader, who was the first member of the Qizilbash to govern Kakheti.
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Bullion
Bullion is gold, silver, or other precious metals in the form of bars or ingots.
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Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.
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Circassians
The Circassians (Черкесы Čerkesy), also known by their endonym Adyghe (Circassian: Адыгэхэр Adygekher, Ады́ги Adýgi), are a Northwest Caucasian nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War in 1864.
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Constantine I of Kakheti
Constantine I (კონსტანტინე I), also known as Constantine Khan (کنستانتین خان; კონსტანტინე ხანი), Constantin(e) Mirza, or Konstandil / Kustandil Mirza (1567 – October 22, 1605), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from March to October 1605.
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Constantine II of Kakheti
Constantine II (კონსტანტინე II) (died December 28, 1732) also known as Mahmād Qulī Khān (მაჰმად ყული-ხანი) in Iran, was a king of Kakheti in eastern Georgia of the Bagrationi Dynasty from 1722 to 1732.
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Culture of Georgia (country)
The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history, providing it with a unique national culture and a strong literary tradition based on the Georgian language and alphabet.
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Dastan
Dastan (داستان dâstân, Persian for "story") is an ornate form of oral history from Central Asia.
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David II of Kakheti
David II (დავით II, Davit' II) also known as Imām Qulī Khān (იმამყული-ხანი) (1678 — November 2, 1722), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1709 to 1722.
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David XI of Kartli
David XI (დავით XI) or Dāwūd Khan II (died c. 1579) was King of Kartli.
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De facto
In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.
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Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
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Dutch rijksdaalder
The rijksdaalder (Dutch, "dollar of the realm") was a Dutch coin first issued by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in the late 16th century during the Dutch Revolt.
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Eyalet
Eyalets (ایالت,, English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
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Farahabad, Mazandaran
Farahabad (English: "abode of joy") was a palace and city built by Shah Abbas I in Mazandaran, Iran.
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Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani
Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani (فتحعلی خان داغستانی), was a Lezgian nobleman, who served as the Grand Vizier of the Safavid king (shah) Sultan Husayn (r. 1694–1722) from 1716 to 1720.
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Fineness
The fineness of a precious metal object (coin, bar, jewelry, etc.) represents the weight of fine metal therein, in proportion to the total weight which includes alloying base metals and any impurities.
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Firman
A firman (فرمان farmân), or ferman (Turkish), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state, namely the Ottoman Empire.
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Floruit
Floruit, abbreviated fl. (or occasionally, flor.), Latin for "he/she flourished", denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active.
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Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja (Gəncə) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 331,400.
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George III of Imereti
George III (გიორგი III) (died 1639), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Imereti from 1605 to 1639.
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George XI of Kartli
George XI (Georgian: გიორგი XI) (1651 – April 21, 1709), known as Gurgin Khan in Iran, was a Georgian monarch who ruled the Kingdom of Kartli as a Safavid Persian subject from 1676 to 1688 and again from 1703 to 1709.
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Georgia (country)
Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.
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Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830.
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Georgian language
Georgian (ქართული ენა, translit.) is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians.
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Georgians
The Georgians or Kartvelians (tr) are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia.
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Gilan Province
Gilan Province (اُستان گیلان, Ostān-e Gīlān, also Latinized as Guilan) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Giorgi Saakadze
Giorgi Saakadze the Grand Mouravi (გიორგი სააკაძე) (c. 1570 – October 3, 1629) was a Georgian politician and military commander who played an important but contradictory role in the politics of the early 17th-century Georgia.
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Gorgan
Gorgan (گرگان; formerly Astrabad or Astarabad (استرآباد)) is the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran.
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Heraclius I of Kakheti
Heraclius I (ერეკლე I, Erekle I) or Nazar Alī Khān (1642–1709), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a Georgian monarch who ruled the kingdoms of Kakheti (1675–1676, 1703–1709) and Kartli (1688–1703) under the protection of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.
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History of the Jews in Georgia
Georgian Jews (ქართველი ებრაელები kartveli ebraelebi) are one of the oldest communities in Georgia, tracing their migration into the country during the Babylonian captivity in 6th century BC.
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Iranian Georgians
Iranian Georgians (ირანის ქართველები; گرجیهای ایران) are Iranian citizens who are ethnically Georgian, and are an ethnic group living in Iran.
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Iranian peoples
The Iranian peoples, or Iranic peoples, are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group that comprise the speakers of the Iranian languages.
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Iranian toman
The Iranian toman (fa, pronounced; from Mongolian tümen "unit of ten thousand", see Tumen (unit)) is a superunit of the official currency of Iran, the rial.
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Isfahan
Isfahan (Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan, Esfahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about south of Tehran.
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Ismail I
Ismail I (Esmāʿīl,; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail I (شاه اسماعیل), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1501 to 23 May 1524 as Shah of Iran (Persia).
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Jean Chardin
Jean Chardin (16 November 1643 – 5 January 1713), born Jean-Baptiste Chardin, and also known as Sir John Chardin, was a French jeweller and traveller whose ten-volume book The Travels of Sir John Chardin is regarded as one of the finest works of early Western scholarship on Persia and the Near East in general.
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Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605 – 1689) was a 17th-century French gem merchant and traveler.
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Jesse of Kartli
Jesse (Iese), also known by his Muslim names Ali-Quli Khan and Mustafa Pasha, (1680 or 1681–1727), of the Mukhranian Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Kartli (Georgia), acting actually as a Safavid Persian and later Ottoman viceroy (wali) from 1714 to 1716 and from 1724 until his death, respectively.
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Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (5 June 1656 – 28 December 1708) was a French botanist, notable as the first to make a clear definition of the concept of genus for plants.
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Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence or legal theory is the theoretical study of law, principally by philosophers but, from the twentieth century, also by social scientists.
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Kaikhosro of Kartli
Kaikhosro (also spelled Kay Khusrau, Kai Khusraw; ქაიხოსრო) (January 1, 1674 – September 27, 1711), of the House of Bagrationi, was a titular king (a Persian-appointed wali) of Kartli, eastern Georgia, from 1709 to 1711.
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Kay Kāvus
Kay Kāvus (كيكاوس; Kauui Usan); sometimes Kai-Káús or Kai-Kaus,Firdawsī, The Sháh námeh of the Persian poet Firdausí.
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Khan (title)
Khan خان/khan; is a title for a sovereign or a military ruler, used by Mongolians living to the north of China. Khan has equivalent meanings such as "commander", "leader", or "ruler", "king" and "chief". khans exist in South Asia, Middle East, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, East Africa and Turkey. The female alternatives are Khatun and Khanum. These titles or names are sometimes written as Khan/خان in Persian, Han, Kan, Hakan, Hanum, or Hatun (in Turkey) and as "xan", "xanım" (in Azerbaijan), and medieval Turkic tribes.
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Khuzestan Province
Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان Ostān-e Khūzestān, محافظة خوزستان Muḥāfaẓa Khūzistān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.
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Kingdom of Imereti
The Kingdom of Imereti (იმერეთის სამეფო) was a Georgian monarchy established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagrationi when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms.
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Kingdom of Kakheti
The Second Kingdom of Kakheti (კახეთის სამეფო, k'axetis samepo; also spelled Kaxet'i or Kakhetia) was a late medieval/early modern monarchy in eastern Georgia, centered at the province of Kakheti, with its capital first at Gremi and then at Telavi.
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Kingdom of Kartli
The Kingdom of Kartli (ქართლის სამეფო) was a feudal Georgian state that existed from 1466/84 to 1762, with the city of Tbilisi as its capital.
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Lala (title)
Lala (لله, Lala) was a Turkish and Persian title (of Persian origin) meaning tutor and statesman in the Ottoman and Safavid Empire.
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Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign
Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign was a military expedition launched in 1578 by Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha, a grand-vizier of the expanding Ottoman Empire.
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Levan II Dadiani
Levan II Dadiani (also Leon; ლევან II დადიანი; 1597-1657) was a member of the House of Dadiani and ruler of the Principality of Mingrelia in western Georgia.
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Levan of Kartli
Levan (ლევანი), also known by his Muslim name Shah-Qoli Khan (born c. 1653 – 30 May 1709) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) and the fourth son of the king of Kartli Shahnawaz (Vakhtang V).
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List of Qurchi-bashis
The Qurchi-bashi (قورچیباشی), also spelled Qorchi-bashi (قرچیباشی), was the head of the qurchis, the royal bodyguard of the Safavid shah.
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List of Tupchi-bashis
The Tupchi-bashi ("head of the tupchis") was the commander of the Safavid Empire's artillery corps.
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Luarsab I of Kartli
Luarsab I (ლუარსაბ I) (born between 1502-1509 – died 1556 or 1558), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli from 1527 to 1556 or from 1534 to 1558.
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Luarsab II of Kartli
Luarsab II the Holy Martyr (ლუარსაბ II) (1592 – 21 June (O.S.), 1 July (N.S.), 1622), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Kartli (eastern Georgia) from 1606 to 1615.
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Manuchar II Jaqeli
Manuchar II Jaqeli also known as Mustafa Pasha (მანუჩარ II ჯაყელი; b. 1557 – d. 1614), of the House of Jaqeli, was prince of Samtskhe (styled with the hereditary title of atabeg) and the pasha of its capital Akhaltsikhe from 1581 to 1607 (de facto only up to 1587).
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Manuchar III Jaqeli
Manuchar III Jaqeli (მანუჩარ III ჯაყელი; b. 1591 – d. 1625), of the House of Jaqeli, was the last atabeg of the principality of Samtskhe, nominally ruling between 1607–1625.
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Mariam Dadiani
Mariam Dadiani (მარიამ დადიანი; born between 1599 and 1609; died 1682) was a daughter of Manuchar I Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, by his second wife, Tamar Jaqeli.
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Mazandaran Province
Mazandaran Province, (استان مازندران Ostān-e Māzandarān/Ostân-e Mâzandarân), is an Iranian province located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and in the adjacent Central Alborz mountain range, in central-northern Iran.
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Mint (facility)
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used in currency.
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Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)
The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639 was the last of a series of conflicts fought between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia, then the two major powers of Western Asia, over control of Mesopotamia.
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Panchatantra
The Panchatantra (IAST: Pañcatantra, पञ्चतन्त्र, "Five Treatises") is an ancient Indian work of political philosophy, in the form of a collection of interrelated animal fables in Sanskrit verse and prose, arranged within a frame story.
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Peace of Amasya
The Peace of Amasya (پیمان آماسیه ("Qarārdād-e Amasiyeh"); Amasya Antlaşması) was a treaty agreed to on May 29, 1555 between Shah Tahmasp of Safavid Iran and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire at the city of Amasya, following the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555.
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Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
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Prince Bakar of Kartli
Bakar (ბაქარი) (June 11, 1699 or April 7, 1700 – February 1, 1750) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) of the Mukhrani branch of the Bagrationi dynasty and served as regent of the Kingdom of Kartli (eastern Georgia) from September 1716 to August 1719.
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Principality of Mingrelia
The Principality of Mingrelia (tr), also known as Odishi, was a historical state in Georgia ruled by the Dadiani dynasty.
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Qabus-Nama
Qabus nama or Qabus nameh (variations: Qabusnamah, Qabousnameh, Ghabousnameh, or Ghaboosnameh, in Persian: کاووس نامه یا قابوس نامه, book of Kavus), Mirror of Princes, is a major work of Persian literature, from the eleventh century (c. 1080 AD).
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Qizilbash
Qizilbash or Kizilbash, (Kızılbaş - Red Head, sometimes also Qezelbash or Qazilbash, قزلباش) is the label given to a wide variety of Shi'i militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan, also known as Iranian Azerbaijan), Anatolia and Kurdistan from the late 15th century onwards, some of which contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.
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Qom
Qom (قم) is the eighth largest city in Iran.
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Quran
The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).
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Qurchi (royal bodyguard)
The qurchis or qorchis (qūṛčī) were the royal bodyguard of the Safavid shah.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Rostom of Kartli
Rostom or Rustam Khan (როსტომი or როსტომ ხანი) (1565 – 17 November 1658) was a Georgian royal, from the House of Bagrationi, who functioned as a Safavid-appointed vali (i.e. viceroy)/king of Kartli, eastern Georgia, from 1633 until his death.
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Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
The Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, the Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.
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Sack of Shamakhi (1721)
The Sack of Shamakhi took place in 1721, when rebellious Sunni Lezgins, within the declining Safavid Empire, attacked the capital of Shirvan province, Shamakhi (in present-day Azerbaijan Republic).
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Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.
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Safavid Karabakh
The Province of Karabakh (translit) was a velayat (province) of the Safavid Empire of Iran, centered on the geographic region of Karabakh.
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Safavid Shirvan
The Shirvan province (Velāyat-e Shirvān) was an velayat (province) founded by the Safavid Empire on the territory of modern Azerbaijan and Russia (Dagestan) between 1501 and 1736 with its capital in the town of Shamakhi.
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Safi of Persia
Sam Mirza (سام میرزا), better known by his dynastic name of Shah Safi (شاه صفی) was the sixth Safavid shah (king) of Iran, ruling from 1629 to 1642.
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Samtskhe atabegate
The Samtskhe Atabegate or Samtskhe-Saatabago (სამცხე-საათაბაგო), also called the Principality of Samtskhe (სამცხის სამთავრო), was a Georgian feudal principality ruled by an atabeg (tutor) of Georgia between 1268 and 1625.
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Shah
Shah (Šāh, pronounced, "king") is a title given to the emperors, kings, princes and lords of Iran (historically also known as Persia).
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Shahnameh
The Shahnameh, also transliterated as Shahnama (شاهنامه, "The Book of Kings"), is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran.
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Shamakhi
Shamakhi (also spelled Şamaxı) is the capital of the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan.
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Shia Islam
Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.
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Shiraz
Shiraz (fa, Šīrāz) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province (Old Persian as Pars).
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Siege of Isfahan
The siege of Isfahan was a six-month-long siege of Isfahan, the capital of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, by the Hotaki-led Afghan army.
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Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.
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Simon I of Kartli
Simon I the Great (სიმონ I დიდი) also known as Svimon (სვიმონი) (1537–1611), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a Georgian king of Kartli from 1556 to 1569 and again from 1578 to 1599.
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Simon II of Kartli
Simon II (სიმონ II), also known as Svimon or Semayun Khan (born c. early 1610s – died 1630), was a Persian-appointed king (actually, khan) of Kartli, eastern Georgia, from 1619 to 1630/1631.
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Spanish real
The real (meaning: "royal", plural: reales) was a unit of currency in Spain for several centuries after the mid-14th century, but changed in value relative to other units introduced.
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Suleiman of Persia
Sam Mirza (سام میرزا), later known by his first dynastic name of Safi II (شاه صفی), and thereafter known by his more famous second dynastic name of Suleiman I (شاه سلیمان), was the eighth Safavid shah (king) of Iran, ruling from 1 November 1666 to 29 July 1694.
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Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani
Prince Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani (სულხან-საბა ორბელიანი) (November 4 1658 – January 26 1725) was a Georgian writer and diplomat.
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Sultan
Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.
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Sultan Husayn
Sultan Husayn (also known as Soltan Hosayn and Soltan Hosein), (October 1668 – November 1726) (شاه سلطان حسین) reigned 1694–1722; was a Safavid Shah of Iran (Persia).
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Tabriz
Tabriz (تبریز; تبریز) is the most populated city in Iranian Azerbaijan, one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province.
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Tahmasp I
Tahmasp I (شاه تهماسب یکم) (22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty.
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Tbilisi
Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.
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Teimuraz I of Kakheti
Teimuraz I (თეიმურაზ I) (1589–1661), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a Georgian monarch who ruled, with intermissions, as King of Kakheti from 1605 to 1648 and also of Kartli from 1625 to 1633.
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Teimuraz II of Kakheti
Teimuraz II (თეიმურაზ II) (1680–1762) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Kakheti, eastern Georgia, from 1732 to 1744, then of Kartli from 1744 until his death.
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Treaty of Constantinople (1590)
The Ottoman Empire the aftermath of the Treaty of Constantinople. The Treaty of Constantinople, also known as the Peace of Istanbul or the Treaty of Ferhad Pasha (Ferhat Paşa Antlaşması), was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire ending the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1578–1590.
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Treaty of Constantinople (1724)
The Treaty of Constantinople (Константинопольский договор) Russo-Ottoman Treaty or Treaty of the Partition of Persia (Iran Mukasemenamesi) was a treaty concluded on 24 June 1724 between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, dividing large portions of the territory of mutually neighbouring Safavid Iran between them.
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Treaty of Zuhab
The Treaty of Zuhab (عهدنامه زهاب), also called Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin (Kasr-ı Şirin Antlaşması), was an accord signed between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire on May 17, 1639.
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Undiladze
The Undiladze (უნდილაძე) were a Georgian noble family whose members rose in prominence in the service of Iran’s Safavid dynasty and dominated the Shah’s court at a certain period of the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
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Vakhtang VI of Kartli
Vakhtang VI (ვახტანგ VI), also known as Vakhtang the Scholar, Vakhtang the Lawgiver and Ḥosaynqolī Khan (translit) (September 15, 1675 – March 26, 1737), was a Georgian monarch of the royal Bagrationi dynasty.
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Vali (governor)
Wāli or vali (from Arabic والي Wāli) is an administrative title that was used during the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions.
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Vassal
A vassal is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
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Vis and Rāmin
Vis and Rāmin (ويس و رامين., Vis o Rāmin) is an ancient Persian love story.
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Visramiani
Visramiani (ვისრამიანი) is a medieval Georgian version of the old Iranian love story Vīs and Rāmīn, traditionally taken to have been rendered in prose by Sargis of T'mogvi, a 12th/13th-century statesman and writer active during the reign of Queen Tamar (r. 1184-1213).
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Viticulture
Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) is the science, production, and study of grapes.
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Widow
A widow is a woman whose spouse has died and a widower is a man whose spouse has died.
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Wilayah
A wilayah (ولاية; Urdu and ولایت; vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province", or occasionally as "governorate".
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Wine cellar
A wine cellar is a storage room for wine in bottles or barrels, or more rarely in carboys, amphorae, or plastic containers.
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Yerevan
Yerevan (Երևան, sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_Georgia
