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Satellite galaxy

Index Satellite galaxy

A satellite galaxy is a smaller companion galaxy that travels on bound orbits within the gravitational potential of a more massive and luminous host galaxy (also known as the primary galaxy). [1]

119 relations: Accretion (astrophysics), Andromeda Galaxy, Angular momentum, Ansatz, Apparent magnitude, Astronomical survey, Atom, Baryon, Beatrice Tinsley, Canis Major Overdensity, Cepheid variable, Cold dark matter, Computer simulation, Constellation, Cosmic time, Cosmology, Coulomb collision, Dark Energy Survey, Dark matter, Dark matter halo, Dwarf elliptical galaxy, Dwarf galaxy, Dwarf galaxy problem, Dwarf spheroidal galaxy, Dwarf spiral galaxy, Dynamical friction, Edwin Hubble, Effective radius, Electric charge, Electron, Faber–Jackson relation, Free particle, Galactic halo, Galactic tide, Galaxy, Galaxy cluster, Galaxy formation and evolution, Galaxy group, Galaxy merger, Galaxy rotation curve, Globular cluster, Gravitational binding energy, Gravitational collapse, Gravitational potential, Harlow Shapley, Heber Doust Curtis, Hercules (dwarf galaxy), Hubble sequence, Hydrogen, Hydrostatic equilibrium, ..., Impact parameter, Interacting galaxy, Irregular galaxy, Kinematics, Kinetic energy, Lagrangian point, Lambda-CDM model, Large Magellanic Cloud, Leo IV (dwarf galaxy), Light, Light-year, List of stellar streams, Local Group, Luminosity, Markov property, Mass-to-light ratio, Matter, Messier 110, Metallicity, Milky Way, Modified Newtonian dynamics, National Academy of Sciences, Newton's law of universal gravitation, NGC 147, NGC 185, Nonlinear system, Observable universe, Orbit, Orbital decay, Orbital speed, Order of magnitude, Parsec, Phoenix Dwarf, Photometric system, Photometry (astronomy), Physical cosmology, Pisces Dwarf, Pisces II (dwarf galaxy), Planet, Press–Schechter formalism, Proton, Ram pressure, Random walk, Recombination (cosmology), Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, Singular isothermal sphere profile, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Small Magellanic Cloud, Solar System, Southern Hemisphere, Spectroscopy, Star, Star formation, Starburst galaxy, Statistics, Stellar classification, Sun, Supercluster, Surface brightness, Thick disk, Thin disk, Tidal force, Tidal stripping, Time complexity, Variance, Velocity dispersion, Virgo Supercluster, Virial theorem, Wavelength. Expand index (69 more) »

Accretion (astrophysics)

In astrophysics, accretion is the accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter, in an accretion disk.

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Andromeda Galaxy

The Andromeda Galaxy, also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224, is a spiral galaxy approximately 780 kiloparsecs (2.5 million light-years) from Earth, and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way.

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Angular momentum

In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum.

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Ansatz

In physics and mathematics, an ansatz (meaning: "initial placement of a tool at a work piece", plural ansätze; or ansatzes) is an educated guessIn his book on "The Nature of Mathematical Modelling", Neil Gershenfeld introduces ansatz, with interpretation "a trial answer", to be an important technique for solving differential equations.

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Apparent magnitude

The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.

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Astronomical survey

An astronomical survey is a general map or image of a region of the sky which lacks a specific observational target.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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Baryon

A baryon is a composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks (a triquark, as distinct from mesons, which are composed of one quark and one antiquark).

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Beatrice Tinsley

Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley (27 January 1941 – 23 March 1981) was a British-born New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist whose research made fundamental contributions to the astronomical understanding of how galaxies evolve, grow and die.

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Canis Major Overdensity

The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy (CMa Dwarf) or Canis Major Overdensity (CMa Overdensity) is a disputed dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group, located in the same part of the sky as the constellation Canis Major.

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Cepheid variable

A Cepheid variable is a type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature and producing changes in brightness with a well-defined stable period and amplitude.

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Cold dark matter

In cosmology and physics, cold dark matter (CDM) is a hypothetical form of dark matter whose particles moved slowly compared to the speed of light (the cold in CDM) since the universe was approximately one year old (a time when the cosmic particle horizon contained the mass of one typical galaxy); and interact very weakly with ordinary matter and electromagnetic radiation (the dark in CDM).

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Computer simulation

Computer simulation is the reproduction of the behavior of a system using a computer to simulate the outcomes of a mathematical model associated with said system.

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Constellation

A constellation is a group of stars that are considered to form imaginary outlines or meaningful patterns on the celestial sphere, typically representing animals, mythological people or gods, mythological creatures, or manufactured devices.

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Cosmic time

Cosmic time (also known as time since the big bang) is the time coordinate commonly used in the Big Bang models of physical cosmology.

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Cosmology

Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.

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Coulomb collision

A Coulomb collision is a binary elastic collision between two charged particles interacting through their own electric field.

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Dark Energy Survey

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is a visible and near-infrared survey that aims to probe the dynamics of the expansion of the Universe and the growth of large-scale structure.

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Dark matter

Dark matter is a theorized form of matter that is thought to account for approximately 80% of the matter in the universe, and about a quarter of its total energy density.

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Dark matter halo

A dark matter halo is a hypothetical component of a galaxy that envelops the galactic disc and extends well beyond the edge of the visible galaxy.

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Dwarf elliptical galaxy

Dwarf elliptical galaxies, or dEs, are elliptical galaxies that are smaller than ordinary elliptical galaxies.

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Dwarf galaxy

A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 100 million up to several billion stars, a small number compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars.

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Dwarf galaxy problem

The dwarf galaxy problem, also known as the missing satellites problem, arises from numerical cosmological simulations that predict the evolution of the distribution of matter in the universe.

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Dwarf spheroidal galaxy

A dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) is a term in astronomy applied to small, low-luminosity galaxies with very little dust and an older stellar population.

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Dwarf spiral galaxy

A dwarf spiral galaxy is the dwarf version of a spiral galaxy.

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Dynamical friction

In astrophysics, dynamical friction or Chandrasekhar friction, sometimes called gravitational drag, is loss of momentum and kinetic energy of moving bodies through gravitational interactions with surrounding matter in space.

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Edwin Hubble

Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer.

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Effective radius

The effective radius (R_e) of a galaxy is the radius at which half of the total light of the system is emitted.

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Electric charge

Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Faber–Jackson relation

The Faber–Jackson relation provided the first empirical power-law relation between the luminosity L and the central stellar velocity dispersion \sigma of early-type galaxies, and was presented by the astronomers Sandra M. Faber and Robert Earl Jackson in 1976.

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Free particle

In physics, a free particle is a particle that, in some sense, is not bound by an external force, or equivalently not in a region where its potential energy varies.

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Galactic halo

A galactic halo is an extended, roughly spherical component of a galaxy which extends beyond the main, visible component.

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Galactic tide

A galactic tide is a tidal force experienced by objects subject to the gravitational field of a galaxy such as the Milky Way.

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Galaxy

A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.

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Galaxy cluster

A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses.

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Galaxy formation and evolution

The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies.

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Galaxy group

A galaxy group or group of galaxies (GrG) is an aggregation of galaxies comprising about 50 or fewer gravitationally bound members, each at least as luminous as the Milky Way (about 1010 times the luminosity of the Sun); collections of galaxies larger than groups that are first-order clustering are called galaxy clusters.

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Galaxy merger

Galaxy mergers can occur when two (or more) galaxies collide.

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Galaxy rotation curve

The rotation curve of a disc galaxy (also called a velocity curve) is a plot of the orbital speeds of visible stars or gas in that galaxy versus their radial distance from that galaxy's centre.

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Globular cluster

A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite.

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Gravitational binding energy

A gravitational binding energy is the minimum energy that must be added to a system for the system to cease being in a gravitationally bound state.

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Gravitational collapse

Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity.

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Gravitational potential

In classical mechanics, the gravitational potential at a location is equal to the work (energy transferred) per unit mass that would be needed to move the object from a fixed reference location to the location of the object.

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Harlow Shapley

Harlow Shapley (November 2, 1885 – October 20, 1972) was a 20th-century American scientist, head of the Harvard College Observatory (1921–1952), and political activist during the latter New Deal and Fair Deal.

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Heber Doust Curtis

Heber Doust Curtis (June 27, 1872 – January 9, 1942) was an American astronomer.

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Hercules (dwarf galaxy)

Hercules, or Her, is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy situated in the Hercules constellation and discovered in 2006 in data obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

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Hubble sequence

The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by Edwin Hubble in 1926.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydrostatic equilibrium

In fluid mechanics, a fluid is said to be in hydrostatic equilibrium or hydrostatic balance when it is at rest, or when the flow velocity at each point is constant over time.

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Impact parameter

The impact parameter b is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field U(r) created by an object that the projectile is approaching (see diagram).

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Interacting galaxy

Interacting galaxies (colliding galaxies) are galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another.

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Irregular galaxy

An irregular galaxy is a galaxy that does not have a distinct regular shape, unlike a spiral or an elliptical galaxy.

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Kinematics

Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the mass of each or the forces that caused the motion.

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Kinetic energy

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.

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Lagrangian point

In celestial mechanics, the Lagrangian points (also Lagrange points, L-points, or libration points) are positions in an orbital configuration of two large bodies, wherein a small object, affected only by the gravitational forces from the two larger objects, will maintain its position relative to them.

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Lambda-CDM model

The ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) or Lambda-CDM model is a parametrization of the Big Bang cosmological model in which the universe contains a cosmological constant, denoted by Lambda (Greek Λ), associated with dark energy, and cold dark matter (abbreviated CDM).

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Large Magellanic Cloud

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.

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Leo IV (dwarf galaxy)

Leo IV is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy situated in the Leo constellation, discovered in 2006 in the data obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Light-year

The light-year is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and measures about 9.5 trillion kilometres or 5.9 trillion miles.

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List of stellar streams

This is a list of stellar streams.

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Local Group

The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way.

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Luminosity

In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object.

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Markov property

In probability theory and statistics, the term Markov property refers to the memoryless property of a stochastic process.

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Mass-to-light ratio

In astrophysics and physical cosmology the mass to light ratio, normally designated with the Greek upsilon symbol \Upsilon, is the quotient between the total mass of a spatial volume (typically on the scales of a galaxy or a cluster) and its luminosity.

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Matter

In the classical physics observed in everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

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Messier 110

Messier 110, also known as NGC 205, is a dwarf elliptical galaxy that is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy.

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Metallicity

In astronomy, metallicity is used to describe the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen or helium.

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Milky Way

The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.

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Modified Newtonian dynamics

Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies.

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National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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NGC 147

NGC 147 (also known as DDO3 or Caldwell 17) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy about 2.58 Mly away in the constellation Cassiopeia.

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NGC 185

NGC 185 (also known as Caldwell 18) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy located 2.08 million light-years from Earth, appearing in the constellation Cassiopeia.

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Nonlinear system

In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

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Observable universe

The observable universe is a spherical region of the Universe comprising all matter that can be observed from Earth at the present time, because electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.

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Orbit

In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet.

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Orbital decay

In orbital mechanics, decay is a process that leads to gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies at their closest approach (the periapsis) over many orbital periods.

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Orbital speed

In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter or, if the object is much less massive than the largest body in the system, its speed relative to that largest body.

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Order of magnitude

An order of magnitude is an approximate measure of the number of digits that a number has in the commonly-used base-ten number system.

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Parsec

The parsec (symbol: pc) is a unit of length used to measure large distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System.

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Phoenix Dwarf

The Phoenix Dwarf is a dwarf irregular galaxy discovered in 1976 by Hans-Emil Schuster and Richard Martin West and mistaken for a globular cluster.

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Photometric system

In astronomy, a photometric system is a set of well-defined passbands (or filters), with a known sensitivity to incident radiation.

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Photometry (astronomy)

Photometry is a technique of astronomy concerned with measuring the flux, or intensity of an astronomical object's electromagnetic radiation.

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Physical cosmology

Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate.

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Pisces Dwarf

Pisces Dwarf is an irregular dwarf galaxy that is part of the Local Group.

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Pisces II (dwarf galaxy)

Pisces II (Psc II) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy situated in the Pisces constellation and discovered in 2010 in the data obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

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Planet

A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.

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Press–Schechter formalism

The Press–Schechter formalism is a mathematical model for predicting the number of objects (such as galaxies or galaxy clusters) of a certain mass within a given volume of the Universe.

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Proton

| magnetic_moment.

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Ram pressure

In physics, ram pressure is a pressure exerted on a body moving through a fluid medium, caused by relative bulk motion of the fluid rather than random thermal motion.

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Random walk

A random walk is a mathematical object, known as a stochastic or random process, that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space such as the integers.

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Recombination (cosmology)

In cosmology, recombination refers to the epoch at which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms.

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Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way

The Milky Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group.

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Singular isothermal sphere profile

The singular isothermal sphere (SIS) profile is the simplest parameterization of the spatial distribution of matter in an astronomical system (e.g. galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc.).

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Sloan Digital Sky Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey or SDSS is a major multi-spectral imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2.5-m wide-angle optical telescope at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States.

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Small Magellanic Cloud

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), or Nubecula Minor, is a dwarf galaxy near the Milky Way.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

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Star

A star is type of astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity.

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Star formation

Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions", collapse and form stars.

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Starburst galaxy

A starburst galaxy is a galaxy undergoing an exceptionally high rate of star formation, as compared to the long-term average rate of star formation in the galaxy or the star formation rate observed in most other galaxies.

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Statistics

Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

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Stellar classification

In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics.

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Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

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Supercluster

A supercluster is a large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups; it is among the largest-known structures of the cosmos.

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Surface brightness

In astronomy, surface brightness quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a galaxy or nebula, or of the night sky background.

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Thick disk

The thick disk is one of the structural components of about 2/3 of all disk galaxies, including the Milky Way.

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Thin disk

The thin disk is a structural component of spiral and S0-type galaxies, composing of stars, gas and dust.

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Tidal force

The tidal force is an apparent force that stretches a body towards the center of mass of another body due to a gradient (difference in strength) in gravitational field from the other body; it is responsible for the diverse phenomena, including tides, tidal locking, breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects.

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Tidal stripping

Tidal stripping occurs when a larger galaxy pulls stars and other stellar material from a smaller galaxy.

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Time complexity

In computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of time it takes to run an algorithm.

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Variance

In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean.

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Velocity dispersion

In astronomy, the velocity dispersion (σ) is the statistical dispersion of velocities about the mean velocity for a group of objects, such as an open cluster, globular cluster, galaxy, galaxy cluster, or supercluster.

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Virgo Supercluster

The Virgo Supercluster (Virgo SC) or the Local Supercluster (LSC or LS) is a mass concentration of galaxies containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which in turn contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies.

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Virial theorem

In mechanics, the virial theorem provides a general equation that relates the average over time of the total kinetic energy, \left\langle T \right\rangle, of a stable system consisting of N particles, bound by potential forces, with that of the total potential energy, \left\langle V_\text \right\rangle, where angle brackets represent the average over time of the enclosed quantity.

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Wavelength

In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_galaxy

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