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Secretary of state

Index Secretary of state

The title secretary of state or state secretary is commonly used for senior or mid-level posts in governments around the world. [1]

169 relations: Ancien Régime, Angola, Argentina, Article Five of the United States Constitution, Barack Obama, Beamter, Belgium, Bernd Neumann, Bill (law), Brazil, British government departments, Cabinet of Canada, Cabinet of Josef Ludwig von Armansperg, Cabinet of Mexico, Cabinet of the United Kingdom, Cabinet of the United States, Cape Verde, Cardinal Secretary of State, Catholic Church, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Christina Weiss Lurie, Cordell Hull, Council of Ministers (Portugal), Council of State (Norway), Dicastery, Dutch language, East Timor, Elihu Root, Elizabeth I of England, Estonia, Estonian government-in-exile, Federal Council (Switzerland), Federal Foreign Office, Federal government of Brazil, Federal government of the United States, Finnish Government, Foreign minister, France, Frank B. Kellogg, French language, Gennady Burbulis, George Marshall, Gerhard Schröder, German Chancellery, German Visa Affair 2005, Germany, Government, Government of Estonia, Government of France, Government of Portugal, ..., Grigory Karasin, Guinea-Bissau, Head of state, Henry Kissinger, Hillary Clinton, History of modern Greece, HM Treasury, Holy See, Home Secretary, House of Jamalullail (Perlis), Indonesia, Indonesian National Armed Forces, Ioannis Kapodistrias, James Buchanan, James Madison, James Monroe, John Kerry, John Quincy Adams, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Juncker–Asselborn Ministry I, Karl Nesselrode, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, Kingdom of Scotland, Kuwait, Liberia, List of current state governors in Brazil, List of Norwegian ministries, List of Portuguese monarchs, List of Prime Ministers of Spain, List of Secretaries of State of the United States, Luxembourg, Malacca, Malaysia, Martin Van Buren, Mexico, Michael Naumann, Minister (government), Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada), Minister of State, Minister of State (Canada), Minister without portfolio, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (Spain), Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, Mozambique, Negeri Sembilan, Nobel Peace Prize, Occupation of the Baltic states, Octavie Modert, Orange Free State, Penang, Perlis, Politics and government of the Brussels-Capital Region, Pope, Pope John Paul II, Portugal, Portuguese language, President of Indonesia, President of Mexico, Presidential system, Prime minister, Prime Minister of Belgium, Prime Minister of Estonia, Prime Minister of Portugal, Prime Minister of Sweden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Protocol (diplomacy), Rex Tillerson, Riigikantselei, Roman Curia, Russia, Russian Empire, Sabah, Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, San Marino, Sarawak, São Tomé and Príncipe, Secretariat of State (Holy See), Secretary of state, Secretary of State (Ancien Régime), Secretary of State (Canada), Secretary of State (England), Secretary of state (U.S. state government), Secretary of State (United Kingdom), Secretary of State for Canada, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Secretary of State for Scotland, Secretary of State for the Colonies, Secretary of State for the Northern Department, Secretary of State for the Southern Department, Secretary of State for War, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Sede vacante, Sergei Witte, South African Republic, Spyridon Trikoupis, State President of South Africa, State Secretary for Foreign Affairs (Sweden), States of Brazil, Sultan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tetum language, Thomas Jefferson, U.S. state, Undersecretary, United Kingdom, United States Constitution, United States Department of State, United States order of precedence, United States presidential line of succession, United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs, United States Secretary of State, Vice President of Indonesia, Vincent Van Quickenborne, Volksraad, Yamtuan Besar, Yang di-Pertua Negeri. Expand index (119 more) »

Ancien Régime

The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.

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Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Article Five of the United States Constitution

Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Beamter

The German word Beamter (female: Beamtin or Beamte, plural: Beamte) means civil servant, and is pronounced, with a glottal stop between the "e" and the "a".

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Bernd Neumann

Bernd Neumann (born 6 January 1942) is a German politician.

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Bill (law)

A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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British government departments

The Government of the United Kingdom exercises its executive authority through a number of government departments or departments of state.

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Cabinet of Canada

The Cabinet of Canada (Cabinet du Canada) is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada.

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Cabinet of Josef Ludwig von Armansperg

The Cabinet of Josef Ludwig von Armansperg (20 May 1835 – 2 February 1837) was formed after the fall of the government of Ioannis Kolettis on 20 May 1835.

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Cabinet of Mexico

The cabinet of Mexico is the Executive Cabinet (Gabinete Legal) and is a part of the executive branch of the Mexican government.

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Cabinet of the United Kingdom

The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the collective decision-making body of Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom, composed of the Prime Minister and 21 cabinet ministers, the most senior of the government ministers.

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Cabinet of the United States

The Cabinet of the United States is part of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States that normally acts as an advisory body to the President of the United States.

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Cape Verde

Cape Verde or Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean.

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Cardinal Secretary of State

The Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope, commonly known as the Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Holy See Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Chancellor of the Exchequer

The Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of Her Majesty's Exchequer, commonly known as the Chancellor of the Exchequer, or simply the Chancellor, is a senior official within the Government of the United Kingdom and head of Her Majesty's Treasury.

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Christina Weiss Lurie

Christina Weiss Lurie is a documentary producer, philanthropist and minority owner of the NFL’s Philadelphia Eagles.

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Cordell Hull

Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Council of Ministers (Portugal)

The Council of Ministers (Conselho de Ministros, or) is a collegial executive body within the Government of Portugal.

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Council of State (Norway)

The Council of State (Norwegian: Statsrådet), is a formal body composed of the most senior government ministers chosen by the Prime Minister, and functions as the collective decision-making organ constituting the executive branch of the Kingdom.

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Dicastery

A dicastery (from Greek δικαστήριον, law-court, from ''δικαστής'', judge/juror) is a department of the Roman Curia, the administration of the Holy See through which the pope directs the Roman Catholic Church.

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Dutch language

The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.

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East Timor

East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.

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Elihu Root

Elihu Root (February 15, 1845February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the Secretary of State under President Theodore Roosevelt and as Secretary of War under Roosevelt and President William McKinley.

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Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.

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Estonia

Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.

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Estonian government-in-exile

The Estonian government-in-exile refers to the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991–92.

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Federal Council (Switzerland)

The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of the Swiss Confederation and serves as the collective executive head of government and state of Switzerland.

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Federal Foreign Office

The Federal Foreign Office (German), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union.

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Federal government of Brazil

The federal government of Brazil is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided in 26 states and a federal district.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Finnish Government

The Finnish government is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament.

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Foreign minister

A foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frank B. Kellogg

Frank Billings Kellogg (December 22, 1856December 21, 1937) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served in the U.S. Senate and as U.S. Secretary of State.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Gennady Burbulis

Gennady Eduardovich Burbulis (Геннадий Эдуардович Бурбулис; born August 4, 1945) is a Russian politician.

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George Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American statesman and soldier.

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Gerhard Schröder

Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder (born 7 April 1944) is a German politician, and served as Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005, during which his most important political project was the Agenda 2010.

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German Chancellery

The German Chancellery (Bundeskanzleramt, more faithfully translated as Federal Chancellery) is an agency serving the executive office of the Chancellor of Germany, the head of the federal government, currently Angela Merkel.

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German Visa Affair 2005

The visa affair is the name given by the German press to the controversy that arose in early 2005 over a change in the procedure for issuing visas to foreign nationals seeking to enter Germany from non-EU, Eastern European states.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Government

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state.

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Government of Estonia

The Government of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) is the cabinet of Estonia.

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Government of France

The Government of the French Republic (Gouvernement de la République française) exercises executive power in France.

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Government of Portugal

The Government of Portugal is one of the four sovereignty bodies of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts.

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Grigory Karasin

Grigory Borisovich Karasin (Григорий Борисович Карасин) (born 23 August 1949 in Moscow) is a career diplomat, a State Secretary, and a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia.

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Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (República da Guiné-Bissau), is a sovereign state in West Africa.

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Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state.

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Henry Kissinger

Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is an American statesman, political scientist, diplomat and geopolitical consultant who served as the United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.

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Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

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History of modern Greece

The history of modern Greece covers the history of Greece from the recognition of its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire by the Great Powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia) in 1828, after the Greek War of Independence, to the present day.

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HM Treasury

Her Majesty's Treasury (HM Treasury), sometimes referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is the British government department responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy.

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Holy See

The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.

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Home Secretary

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, normally referred to as the Home Secretary, is a senior official as one of the Great Offices of State within Her Majesty's Government and head of the Home Office.

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House of Jamalullail (Perlis)

The House of Jamalullail is the current ruling house of the state of Perlis in Malaysia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Indonesian National Armed Forces

The Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI; literally "Indonesian National Military") are the military forces of the Republic of Indonesia.

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Ioannis Kapodistrias

Count Ioannis Antonios Kapodistrias (10 or 11 February 1776 – 9 October 1831), sometimes anglicized as John Capodistrias (Κόμης Ιωάννης Αντώνιος Καποδίστριας Komis Ioannis Antonios Kapodistrias; граф Иоанн Каподистрия Graf Ioann Kapodistriya; Giovanni Antonio Capodistria Conte Capo d'Istria), was a Greek statesman who served as the Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire and was one of the most distinguished politicians and diplomats of Europe.

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James Buchanan

James Buchanan Jr. (April 23, 1791June 1, 1868) was an American politician who served as the 15th President of the United States (1857–61), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War.

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James Madison

James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

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James Monroe

James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fifth President of the United States from 1817 to 1825.

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John Kerry

John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017.

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John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman who served as a diplomat, minister and ambassador to foreign nations, and treaty negotiator, United States Senator, U.S. Representative (Congressman) from Massachusetts, and the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829.

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Julian Nida-Rümelin

Julian Nida-Rümelin (born November 28, 1954) is a German philosopher and public intellectual.

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Juncker–Asselborn Ministry I

The first Juncker–Asselborn Ministry was the government of Luxembourg between 31 July 2004 and 23 July 2009.

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Karl Nesselrode

Count Karl Robert Nesselrode, also known as Charles de Nesselrode, (Lisbon, Portugal, 14 December 1780 – Saint Petersburg, 23 March 1862; Russian: Карл Васильевич Нессельроде, Karl Vasilyevich Nesselrode) was a Russian Empire diplomat of Baltic-German descent.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.

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Kingdom of Ireland

The Kingdom of Ireland (Classical Irish: Ríoghacht Éireann; Modern Irish: Ríocht Éireann) was a nominal state ruled by the King or Queen of England and later the King or Queen of Great Britain that existed in Ireland from 1542 until 1800.

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Kingdom of Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland (Rìoghachd na h-Alba; Kinrick o Scotland) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843.

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Kuwait

Kuwait (الكويت, or), officially the State of Kuwait (دولة الكويت), is a country in Western Asia.

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Liberia

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.

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List of current state governors in Brazil

In Brazil, the governors are the chief executives of the states of Brazil.

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List of Norwegian ministries

This is a list of Norwegian government ministries.

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List of Portuguese monarchs

The monarchs of Portugal ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution.

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List of Prime Ministers of Spain

The Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain is the head of the Government of Spain.

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List of Secretaries of State of the United States

This is a list of Secretaries of State of the United States.

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe.

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Malacca

Malacca (Melaka; மலாக்கா) dubbed "The Historic State", is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Martin Van Buren

Maarten "Martin" Van Buren (December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American statesman who served as the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Michael Naumann

Michael Naumann (born 8 December 1941, in Köthen, Anhalt) is a German politician, publisher and journalist.

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Minister (government)

A minister is a politician who heads a government department, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)

The Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ministre des Affaires étrangères) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal government's international relations and heads the Department of Global Affairs, though the Minister of International Trade leads on international trade issues.

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Minister of State

Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system.

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Minister of State (Canada)

A Minister of State is a junior cabinet minister in the Cabinet of Canada, usually given specific responsibilities to assist a senior cabinet minister in a specific area.

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Minister without portfolio

A minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister who does not head a particular ministry.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (Spain)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation of Spain (Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación) is a department of the Government of Spain in charge of Spain's foreign relations.

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Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah

Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 10 October 1955) is the former deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs of Kuwait.

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Mozambique

Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest.

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Negeri Sembilan

Negeri Sembilan is a state in Malaysia which lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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Occupation of the Baltic states

The occupation of the Baltic states involved the military occupation of the three Baltic states—Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania—by the Soviet Union under the auspices of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in June 1940 followed by their incorporation into the USSR as constituent republics in August 1940 - most Western powers never recognised this incorporation.

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Octavie Modert

Octavie Modert (born 15 November 1966) is a politician from Luxembourg.

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Orange Free State

The Orange Free State (Oranje-Vrijstaat, Oranje-Vrystaat, abbreviated as OVS) was an independent Boer sovereign republic in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which later became a British colony and a province of the Union of South Africa.

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Penang

Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait.

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Perlis

Perlis, also known by its honorific title Perlis Indera Kayangan (Jawi),The state's constitution simply uses the name "Perlis" and does not include the honorific suffix, "Indera Kayangan".

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Politics and government of the Brussels-Capital Region

The government of the Brussels-Capital Region is the political administration of the Brussels region of Belgium.

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Pope

The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.

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President of Indonesia

The President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.

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President of Mexico

The President of Mexico (Presidente de México), officially known as the President of the United Mexican States (Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and government of Mexico.

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Presidential system

A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.

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Prime minister

A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.

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Prime Minister of Belgium

The Prime Minister of Belgium (Eerste minister van België; Premier ministre de Belgique; Premierminister von Belgien) or the Premier of Belgium is the head of the federal government in the Kingdom of Belgium.

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Prime Minister of Estonia

The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi peaminister, literally translated as Head Minister of Estonia) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia.

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Prime Minister of Portugal

Prime Minister (Portuguese: Primeiro-Ministro) is the current title of the head of government of Portugal.

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Prime Minister of Sweden

The Prime Minister (statsminister, literally "Minister of the State") is the head of government in Sweden.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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Protocol (diplomacy)

In international politics, protocol is the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state.

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Rex Tillerson

Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American former government official and former energy executive who served as the 69th United States Secretary of State from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018, under President Donald Trump.

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Riigikantselei

Riigikantselei (Government Office) is an executive office of Republic of Estonia.

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Roman Curia

The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central body through which the Roman Pontiff conducts the affairs of the universal Catholic Church.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Sabah

Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo Island.

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Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

Sheikh Sabah IV Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah GCB (Hon) (الشيخ صباح الأحمد الجابر الصباح; born 16 June 1929) is the 15th Ruler and 5th Emir of Kuwait and the Commander of the Kuwait Military Forces.

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San Marino

San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino (Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains.

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Sarawak

Sarawak is a state of Malaysia.

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São Tomé and Príncipe

São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa.

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Secretariat of State (Holy See)

The Secretariat of State is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the central papal governing bureaucracy of the Catholic Church.

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Secretary of state

The title secretary of state or state secretary is commonly used for senior or mid-level posts in governments around the world.

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Secretary of State (Ancien Régime)

The Secretary of State was the name of several official governmental positions – supervising war, foreign affairs, the navy, the king's household, the clergy, Paris, and Protestant affairs – during the Ancien Régime in France, roughly equivalent to the positions of governmental ministers today.

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Secretary of State (Canada)

Secretary of State was a title given to some Ministers of State in the Government of Canada sitting outside Cabinet from 1993 to 2003 and again from 2007 to 2008.

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Secretary of State (England)

In the Kingdom of England, the title of Secretary of State came into being near the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603), the usual title before that having been King's Clerk, King's Secretary, or Principal Secretary.

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Secretary of state (U.S. state government)

Secretary of state is an official in the state governments of 47 of the 50 states of the United States, as well as Puerto Rico and other U.S. possessions.

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Secretary of State (United Kingdom)

In the United Kingdom, a secretary of state (SofS) is a Cabinet minister in charge of a government department (though not all departments are headed by a secretary of state, e.g. HM Treasury is headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer).

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Secretary of State for Canada

The Secretary of State for Canada was a Canadian Cabinet position with a corresponding department.

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Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, normally referred to as the Foreign Secretary, is a senior, high-ranking official within the Government of the United Kingdom and head of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

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Secretary of State for Scotland

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Scotland (Rùnaire Stàite na h-Alba, Secretar o State for Scotland) is the principal minister of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland representing Scotland.

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Secretary of State for the Colonies

The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom's various colonial dependencies.

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Secretary of State for the Northern Department

The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of Great Britain up to 1782, when the Northern Department became the Home Office.

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Secretary of State for the Southern Department

The Secretary of State for the Southern Department was a position in the cabinet of the government of Kingdom of Great Britain up to 1782, when the Southern Department became the Foreign Office.

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Secretary of State for War

The position of Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, was a British cabinet-level position, first held by Henry Dundas (appointed in 1794).

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Secretary of the Commonwealth

Secretary of the Commonwealth is a variant of Secretary of State in three U.S. state governments.

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Sede vacante

Sede vacante in the canon law of the Catholic Church is the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church and especially that of the papacy.

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Sergei Witte

Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte (translit), also known as Sergius Witte, was a highly influential econometrician, minister, and prime minister in Imperial Russia, one of the key figures in the political arena at the end of 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.

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South African Republic

The South African Republic (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, ZAR), often referred to as the Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal, was an independent and internationally recognised country in Southern Africa from 1852 to 1902.

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Spyridon Trikoupis

Spiridon Trikoupis (Σπυρίδων Τρικούπης; April 20, 1788 – February 24, 1873) was a Greek statesman, diplomat, author and orator.

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State President of South Africa

The State President of the Republic of South Africa (Staatspresident) was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994.

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State Secretary for Foreign Affairs (Sweden)

The Cabinet Secretary for Foreign Affairs (kabinettssekreterare) is the highest position below the rank of cabinet minister at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

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States of Brazil

The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of 27 Federative Units (Unidades Federativas, UF): 26 states (estados) and one federal district (distrito federal), where the federal capital, Brasília, is located.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Tetum language

Tetum, also Tetun, is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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Undersecretary

An undersecretary is an executive government official in many countries, frequently a career public servant, who typically acts as a senior administrator or second-in-command to a politically appointed Cabinet Minister or other government official.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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United States order of precedence

The United States order of precedence lists the ceremonial order for domestic and foreign government officials (military and civilian) at diplomatic, ceremonial, and social events within the United States and abroad.

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United States presidential line of succession

The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which officials of the United States federal government discharge the powers and duties of the office of President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or is removed from office (by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate) during their four-year term of office.

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United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs

The United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs was a position that existed in the United States government from January 10, 1781, to September 15, 1789.

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United States Secretary of State

The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the U.S. Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs.

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Vice President of Indonesia

The Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia (Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the first in the line of succession in the Republic of Indonesia.

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Vincent Van Quickenborne

Vincent Paul Marie Van Quickenborne (born 1 August 1973) is a Belgian politician, as a member of the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats party.

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Volksraad

The Volksraad (English: "People's Council") was the parliament of the former South African Republic (ZAR), which existed from 1857 to 1902 in part of what is now South Africa.

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Yamtuan Besar

Yamtuan, also known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar, is the royal title of the ruler of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan.

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Yang di-Pertua Negeri

The Yang di-Pertua Negeri (head of state in Malay) is the official title of the ceremonial governors of the Malaysian states without monarchs (hereditary heads of state), namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak.

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Redirects here:

French Secretary of State, Sec of State, Secreatary of State, Secretariat of State, Secretariats of State, Secretaries of State, Secretary Of State, Secretary of State, Secretary of State (Luxembourg), Secretary of States, Secretary of state (Luxembourg), Secy. of State, State Secretariat, State Secretariats, State Secretaries, State Secretary, State secretary.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_state

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