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Sedimentary structures

Index Sedimentary structures

Sedimentary structures are those structures formed during sediment deposition. [1]

49 relations: Antidune, Ball-and-pillow structures, Bed (geology), Bedform, Bioturbation, Burrow, Centimetre, Clastic dike, Cone-in-cone structures, Cross-bedding, Debris flow, Deposition (geology), Depositional environment, Erosion surface, Flame structure, Flaser bed, Fluvial, Foreset bed, Froude number, Graded bedding, Herringbone cross-stratification, Hummocky cross-stratification, Ichnofacies, Imbrication (sedimentology), Interference ripples, Liesegang rings (geology), Load cast, Microbially induced sedimentary structure, Mudcrack, Paleocurrent, Parting lineation, Raindrop impressions, Reynolds number, Ripple marks, Saltation (geology), Sand wave, Sediment, Seismite, Soft-sediment deformation structures, Sole markings, Standing wave, Stratigraphy, Stratum, Syneresis crack, Tidal bundle, Trace fossil, Turbidite, Vegetation-induced sedimentary structures, Way up structure.

Antidune

An antidune is a bedform found in fluvial and other channeled environments.

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Ball-and-pillow structures

Ball-and-pillow structures are masses of clastic sediment that take the form of isolated pillows or protruding ball structures.

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Bed (geology)

Salto del Fraile Formation, Peru. Beds are the layers of sedimentary rocks that are distinctly different from overlying and underlying subsequent beds of different sedimentary rocks.

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Bedform

A bedform is a feature that develops at the interface of fluid and a moveable bed, the result of bed material being moved by fluid flow.

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Bioturbation

Bioturbation is defined as the reworking of soils and sediments by animals or plants.

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Burrow

A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion.

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Centimetre

A centimetre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; symbol cm) or centimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, centi being the SI prefix for a factor of.

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Clastic dike

A clastic dike is a seam of sedimentary material that fills an open fracture in and cuts across sedimentary rock strata or layering in other rock types.

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Cone-in-cone structures

Cone-in-cone structures are secondary sedimentary structures that form in association with deeper burial and diagenesis.

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Cross-bedding

In geology, cross-bedding is layering within a stratum and at an angle to the main bedding plane.

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Debris flow

Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down mountainsides, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors.

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Deposition (geology)

Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.

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Depositional environment

In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record.

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Erosion surface

In geology and geomorphology, an erosion surface is a surface of rock or regolith that was formed by erosion and not by construction (e.g. lava flows, sediment deposition) nor fault displacement.

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Flame structure

A flame structure is a type of soft-sediment deformation that forms in unconsolidated sediments.

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Flaser bed

Flaser beds are a sedimentary, bi-directional, bedding pattern created when a sediment is exposed to intermittent flows, leading to alternating sand and mud layers.

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Fluvial

In geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them.

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Foreset bed

A foreset bed is one of the main parts of a river delta.

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Froude number

In continuum mechanics, the Froude number is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the flow inertia to the external field (the latter in many applications simply due to gravity).

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Graded bedding

In geology, a graded bed is one characterized by a systematic change in grain or clast size from one side of the bed to the other.

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Herringbone cross-stratification

Herringbone cross-stratification is a type of sedimentary structure formed in tidal areas, where the current periodically flows in the opposite direction.

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Hummocky cross-stratification

Hummocky cross-stratification is a type of sedimentary structure found in sandstones.

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Ichnofacies

An ichnofacies is an assemblage of trace fossils that provides an indication of the conditions that their formative organisms inhabited.

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Imbrication (sedimentology)

In sedimentology imbrication refers to a primary depositional fabric consisting of a preferred orientation of clasts such that they overlap one another in a consistent fashion, rather like a run of toppled dominoes.

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Interference ripples

Interference Ripples are a type of sedimentary structure made up of two sets of ripples formed at right-angles to each other as a result of there being two dominant paleocurrents.

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Liesegang rings (geology)

Liesegang rings (also called Liesegangen rings or Liesegang bands) are colored bands of cement observed in sedimentary rocks that typically cut-across bedding.

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Load cast

Load casts are bulges, lumps, and lobes that can form on the bedding planes that separate the layers of sedimentary rocks.

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Microbially induced sedimentary structure

Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are primary sedimentary structures formed by the interaction of microbes with sediment and physical agents of erosion, deposition, and transportation.

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Mudcrack

Mudcracks (also known as desiccation cracks, mud cracks or cracked mud) are sedimentary structures formed as muddy sediment dries and contracts.

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Paleocurrent

A paleocurrent or paleocurrent indicator is a geological feature (typically a sedimentary structure) that helps one determine the direction of flowing water in the geologic past.

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Parting lineation

Parting lineation (also known as current lineation or primary current lineation) is a subtle sedimentary structure in which sand grains are aligned in parallel lines or grooves on the surface of a body of sand (or lithified as a sandstone).

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Raindrop impressions

Raindrop impressions are a geological feature characterized by small craterlike pits with slightly raised edges that are the result of the impact of rain on soft sediment surfaces.

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Reynolds number

The Reynolds number is an important dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to help predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.

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Ripple marks

In geology, ripple marks are sedimentary structures (i.e. bedforms of the lower flow regime) and indicate agitation by water (current or waves) or wind.

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Saltation (geology)

In geology, saltation (from Latin saltus, "leap") is a specific type of particle transport by fluids such as wind or water.

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Sand wave

A sand wave is a lower regime sedimentary structure that forms across from tidal currents.

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Seismite

Seismites are sedimentary beds and structures deformed by seismic shaking.

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Soft-sediment deformation structures

Soft-sediment deformation structures develop at deposition or shortly after, during the first stages of the sediment's consolidation.

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Sole markings

Sole marks are sedimentary structures found on the bases of certain strata, that indicate small-scale (usually on the order of centimetres) grooves or irregularities.

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Standing wave

In physics, a standing wave – also known as a stationary wave – is a wave which oscillates in time but whose peak amplitude profile does not move in space.

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Stratigraphy

Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).

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Stratum

In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that were formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.

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Syneresis crack

Syneresis cracks (also known as subaqueous shrinkage cracks) are a sedimentary structure developed by the shrinkage of sediment without desiccation – not to be confused with desiccation cracks.

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Tidal bundle

A tidal bundle is a sedimentary structure that forms in tidal areas as a result of spring and neap tides.

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Trace fossil

A trace fossil, also ichnofossil (ιχνος ikhnos "trace, track"), is a geological record of biological activity.

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Turbidite

A turbidite is the geologic deposit of a turbidity current, which is a type of sediment gravity flow responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean.

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Vegetation-induced sedimentary structures

Vegetation-induced sedimentary structures (VISS) are primary sedimentary structures formed by the interaction of detrital sediment with in situ plants.

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Way up structure

A way up structure, way up criterion, or geopetal indicator is a characteristic relationship observed in a sedimentary or volcanic rock, or sequence of rocks, that makes it possible to determine whether they are the right way up (i.e. in the attitude in which they were originally deposited, also known as "stratigraphic up") or have been overturned by subsequent deformation.

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Sediment structures, Sedimentary structure.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_structures

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