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82 relations: Battle of Bang Bo (Zhennan Pass), Beijing, Beiyang Army, Beiyang Fleet, Boxer Rebellion, Charles George Gordon, China Merchants Group, Chinese ironclad Dingyuan, Chinese ironclad Zhenyuan, Chinese Maritime Customs Service, Chu Army, Confucianism, Dong Fuxiang, Empress Dowager Cixi, Feng Guifen, First Opium War, First Sino-Japanese War, Foochow Arsenal, Fujian, Fujian Fleet, Fuzhou, Grand Council (Qing dynasty), Great Hsi-Ku Arsenal, Green Standard Army, Guangxu Emperor, Guizhou, Hanyang Arsenal, Horatio Nelson Lay, Huai Army, Hubei, Hundred Days' Reform, Hushenying, Imperial Chinese Telegraph Administration, Jiangnan, Jiangnan Daying, Jiangnan Shipyard, John K. Fairbank, Kaiping Mines, Kansu Braves, Léonce Verny, Li Hongzao, Li Hongzhang, Mary C. Wright, Mawei District, Nanyang Fleet, New Army, New Policies, Ningbo, Peking Field Force, Prince Gong, ..., Prosper Giquel, Qing dynasty, Remington Arms, Second Opium War, Shanghai, Shen Baozhen, Sheng Xuanhuai, Shenjiying, Shuishiying, Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet, Summer Palace, Tael, Taiping Rebellion, Taiyuan Arsenal, Tianjin, Tianjin Massacre, Tongwen Guan, Tongzhi Emperor, Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881), Viceroy of Zhili, Weng Tonghe, Wenxiang, Wuwei Corps, Xiang Army, Yixuan, Prince Chun, Yong Ying, Yung Wing, Zaiyi, Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidong, Zongli Yamen, Zuo Zongtang. Expand index (32 more) »
Battle of Bang Bo (Zhennan Pass)
The Battle of Bang Bo, known in China as the battle of Zhennan Pass (Chinese:鎮南關之役), was a major Chinese victory during the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885).
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Beiyang Army
The Beiyang Army (Pei-yang Army) was a powerful, Western-style Imperial Chinese Army established by the Qing Dynasty government in the late 19th century.
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Beiyang Fleet
The Beiyang Fleet (Pei-yang Fleet;, alternatively Northern Seas Fleet) was one of the four modernised Chinese navies in the late Qing Dynasty.
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Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion (拳亂), Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement (義和團運動) was a violent anti-foreign, anti-colonial and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty.
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Charles George Gordon
Major-General Charles George Gordon CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British Army officer and administrator.
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China Merchants Group
China Merchants Group (招商局集团, Zhaoshangju Jituan) is a state-owned corporation of People's Republic of China.
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Chinese ironclad Dingyuan
Dingyuan was an ironclad battleship and the flagship of the Chinese Beiyang Fleet.
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Chinese ironclad Zhenyuan
Zhenyuan (Wade-Giles: Chen Yuen) was a German-built Chinese Beiyang Fleet turret ship of the 19th century.
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Chinese Maritime Customs Service
The Chinese Maritime Customs Service was a Chinese governmental tax collection agency and information service from its founding in 1854 until it split in 1949 into services operating in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and in the People's Republic of China.
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Chu Army
The Chu Army was a standing regional army organized by Zuo Zongtang (左宗棠).
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Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.
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Dong Fuxiang
Dong Fuxiang (1839–1908), courtesy name Xingwu (星五), was a Chinese military general who lived in the late Qing dynasty.
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Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi1 (Manchu: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.
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Feng Guifen
Feng Guifen (1809 – May 28, 1874, courtesy name Linyi, art name Jingting, later art name Dengweishanren, jinshi degree 1840) was a scholar during the Qing Dynasty that was a strong contributor to the philosophy of the Self-Strengthening Movement undertaken in the late 19th century.
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First Opium War
The First Opium War (第一次鴉片戰爭), also known as the Opium War or the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice in China.
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First Sino-Japanese War
The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) was fought between Qing dynasty of China and Empire of Japan, primarily for influence over Joseon.
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Foochow Arsenal
The Foochow Arsenal, also known as the Fuzhou or Mawei Arsenal, was one of several shipyards in Qing China as part of the Self-Strengthening Movement.
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Fujian
Fujian (pronounced), formerly romanised as Foken, Fouken, Fukien, and Hokkien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China.
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Fujian Fleet
The Fujian Fleet founded in 1678 as the Fujian Marine Fleet was one of China's four regional fleets during the closing decades of the nineteenth century.
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Fuzhou
Fuzhou, formerly romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China.
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Grand Council (Qing dynasty)
The Grand Council or Junjichu (Manchu: coohai nashūn i ba; literally, "Office of Military Secrets") was an important policy-making body during the Qing dynasty.
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Great Hsi-Ku Arsenal
The Great Hsi-Ku Arsenal, was a Qing Dynasty Imperial Arsenal that stored munitions, rifles, and millions of rounds of ammunition.
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Green Standard Army
The Green Standard Army (Manchu: niowanggiyan turun i kūwaran) was the name of a category of military units under the control of Qing dynasty China.
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Guangxu Emperor
The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 187114 November 1908), personal name Zaitian (Manchu: dzai-tiyan), was the eleventh emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China.
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Guizhou
Guizhou, formerly romanized as Kweichow, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country.
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Hanyang Arsenal
Hanyang Arsenal was one of the largest and oldest modern arsenals in Chinese history.
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Horatio Nelson Lay
Horatio Nelson Lay (23 January 1832 – 4 May 1898, Forest Hill, Kent, England) was a British diplomat, noted for his role in the ill-fated "Lay-Osborn Flotilla" during the Taiping Rebellion.
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Huai Army
The Huai Army, named for the Huai River, was a Qing dynasty military force raised to contain the Taiping Rebellion in 1862.
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Hubei
Hubei is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the Central China region.
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Hundred Days' Reform
The Hundred Days' Reform was a failed 104-day national, cultural, political, and educational reform movement from 11 June to 22 September 1898 in late Qing dynasty China.
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Hushenying
The Hushenying were a unit of 10,000 Manchu Bannermen under the command of Zaiyi during the Boxer Rebellion.
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Imperial Chinese Telegraph Administration
The Imperial Telegraph Administration (ITA)Harwit, Eric.
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Jiangnan
Jiangnan or Jiang Nan (sometimes spelled Kiang-nan, literally "South of the river") is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of its delta.
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Jiangnan Daying
Jiangnan DaYing (or the Army Group Jiangnan; (first： 1853 - 1856 and second： 1857 - 1860) was an army group in China. The Qing government raised the Green Standard Army to quell the Taiping Rebellion. Qing twice surrounded Nanjing (the capital of the Taiping Rebellion) and lost at last.
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Jiangnan Shipyard
Jiangnan Shipyard is a historic shipyard in Shanghai, China.
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John K. Fairbank
John King Fairbank (May 24, 1907 – September 14, 1991), was a prominent American historian of China.
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Kaiping Mines
The Kaiping Mines (1877-1912) was one of the first modern mining companies in Zhili, China.
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Kansu Braves
The Kansu Braves or Gansu Army was a unit of 10,000 Chinese Muslim troops from the northwestern province of Kansu (now Gansu) in the last decades the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).
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Léonce Verny
François Léonce Verny, (2 December 1837 – 2 May 1908) was a French officer and naval engineerSims, Richard.
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Li Hongzao
Li Hongzao (1820－1897), styled Lansun, pseudonym Shisun, was a high government official towards the end of the Qing dynasty.
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Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang, Marquess Suyi (also romanised as Li Hung-chang) (15 February 1823 – 7 November 1901),, was a Chinese politician, general and diplomat of the late Qing dynasty.
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Mary C. Wright
Mary Clabaugh Wright (born Mary Oliver Clabaugh; Chinese name 芮瑪麗 Ruì Mǎlì; September 25, 1917 – June 18, 1970) was an American sinologist and historian who specialized in the study of late Qing dynasty and early twentieth century China.
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Mawei District
Mawei (Foochow Romanized: Mā-muōi) is a district of Fuzhou, Fujian province, People's Republic of China.
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Nanyang Fleet
The Nanyang Fleet was one of the four modernised Chinese naval fleets in the late Qing Dynasty.
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New Army
The New Armies (Traditional Chinese: 新軍, Simplified Chinese: 新军; Pinyin: Xīnjūn, Manchu: Ice cooha), more fully called the Newly Created Army (Xinjian LujunAlso translated as "Newly Established Army"), was the modernized army corps formed under the Qing dynasty in December 1895, following its defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War.
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New Policies
The New Policies, or New Administration of the late Qing dynasty (1644-1912), also known as the Late Qing Reform, were a series of cultural, economic, educational, military, and political reforms that were implemented in the last decade of the Qing dynasty to keep the dynasty in power after the humiliating defeat in the Boxer Rebellion.
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Ningbo
Ningbo, formerly written Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province in China. It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Its port, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status. As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the six urban districts of Ningbo proper. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.
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Peking Field Force
The Peking Field Force was a modern-armed military unit that defended the Chinese imperial capital Beijing in the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).
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Prince Gong
Yixin (11January 1833– 29May 1898), better known in English as PrinceKung or Gong, was an imperial prince of the Aisin Gioro clan and an important statesman of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China.
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Prosper Giquel
Prosper Marie Giquel (1835–1886), was a French naval officer who played an important role in the modernization of 19th century China.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Remington Arms
Remington Arms Company, LLC is an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition in the United States.
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Second Opium War
The Second Opium War (第二次鴉片戰爭), the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war pitting the United Kingdom and the French Empire against the Qing dynasty of China, lasting from 1856 to 1860.
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Shanghai
Shanghai (Wu Chinese) is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China and the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million.
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Shen Baozhen
Shen Baozhen or Shen Pao-chen (1820–1879) was an official during the Qing dynasty.
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Sheng Xuanhuai
Sheng Xuanhuai (November 4, 1844—April 27, 1916) was the Minister of Transportation of the Qing Empire.
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Shenjiying
The Shenjiying was one of three elite military divisions stationed around Beijing during the Ming dynasty.
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Shuishiying
Shuishiying were the camp sites or office buildings of the Naval Forces during the later days of the Qing Dynasty of China.
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Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet GCMG (20 February 1835 – 20 September 1911) was a British diplomat and official in the Qing Chinese government, who served as the second Inspector-General of China's Imperial Maritime Custom Service (IMCS) from 1863 to 1911.
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Summer Palace
The Summer Palace, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in Beijing.
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Tael
Tael (at the OED Online.) or tahil can refer to any one of several weight measures of the Far East.
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Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion or total civil war in China that was waged from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom under Hong Xiuquan.
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Taiyuan Arsenal
Taiyuan Arsenal was established by the Shanxi warlord, Yan Xishan.
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Tianjin
Tianjin, formerly romanized as Tientsin, is a coastal metropolis in northern China and one of the four national central cities of the People's Republic of China (PRC), with a total population of 15,469,500, and is also the world's 11th-most populous city proper.
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Tianjin Massacre
The Tientsin Massacre, one of the most important "missionary incidents" of the late Qing dynasty, involved attacks on French Catholic priests and nuns, violent belligerence from French diplomats, and armed foreign intervention in Tianjin (Tientsin) in 1870.
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Tongwen Guan
The School of Combined Learning, or the Tongwen Guan was a government school for teaching Western languages (and later scientific subjects), founded at Beijing, China in 1862 during the late-Qing dynasty, right after the conclusion of the Second Opium War, as part of the Self-Strengthening Movement.
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Tongzhi Emperor
The Tongzhi Emperor (27 April 185612 January 1875), born Zaichun of the Aisin Gioro clan, was the tenth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China.
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Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
The Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881), also known as Treaty of Ili, was the treaty between the Russian Empire and the Qing dynasty, signed in Saint Petersburg, Russia, on.
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Viceroy of Zhili
The Viceroy of Zhili, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of Zhili and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Affairs and Food Production, Manager of Waterways, Director of Civil Affairs, was one of eight regional Viceroys in China proper during the Qing dynasty.
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Weng Tonghe
Weng Tonghe (1830–1904), courtesy name Shuping (叔平), was a Chinese Confucian scholar and imperial tutor who lived in the Qing dynasty.
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Wenxiang
Wenxiang born October 16, 1818 in Liaoyang, died May 26, 1876). Manchu statesman during the late Qing dynasty. Wenxiang hailed from the Gūwalgiya clan and belonged to the Plain Red Banner in the Eight Banners in Mukden. In 1845, he obtained the highest degree (jinshi) in the imperial examination and four years later he was appointed to the Board of Works. He advanced through the ranks and in 1858, he was appointed vice president to the Board of Rites and also became a member of the Grand Council, the highest policy-making organ in the Empire. He subsequently held a number of prominent posts in the central government and became a key player in court politics. As foreign troops invaded Beijing during the Second Opium War and the Xianfeng Emperor fled to Chengde, Wenxiang remained in the capital and took part in negotiating with the British and French. Following the peace settlement, he became one of the founders of the new Qing foreign office, the Zongli Yamen. He was one of the architects behind the Self-strengthening movement and was instrumental in devising the Qing government's cooperative policy towards the Western powers in the period 1861-76.
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Wuwei Corps
The Wuwei Corps or Guards Army was a modernised army unit of the Qing dynasty.
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Xiang Army
Zeng Guofan, the leader of the Xiang Army The Xiang Army was a standing army organized by Zeng Guofan from existing regional and village militia forces called tuanlian to contain the Taiping rebellion in Qing China (1850 to 1864).
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Yixuan, Prince Chun
Yixuan (16 October 1840 – 1 January 1891), formally known as Prince Chun, was an imperial prince of the Aisin Gioro clan and a statesman of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in China.
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Yong Ying
Yong Ying (literally "brave camps") were a type of regional army that emerged in the 19th century in the Qing dynasty army, which fought in most of China's wars after the Opium War and numerous rebellions exposed the ineffectiveness of the Manchu Eight Banners and Green Standard Army.
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Yung Wing
Yung Wing (November 17, 1828 – April 21, 1912) was the first Chinese student to graduate from an American university (Yale College in 1854).
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Zaiyi
Zaiyi (Manchu:; dzai-i; 26 August 1856 – 24 November 1922),Edward J.M. Rhoads, Manchus & Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928, University of Washington Press, 2001 better known by his title Prince Duan (or Prince Tuan), was a Manchu prince and statesman of the late Qing dynasty.
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Zeng Guofan
Zeng Guofan, Marquis Yiyong (26 November 1811 – 12 March 1872), birth name Zeng Zicheng, courtesy name Bohan, was a Chinese statesman, military general, and Confucian scholar of the late Qing dynasty.
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Zhang Zhidong
Zhang Zhidong (4 September 18375 October 1909) was a Chinese official who lived the late Qing dynasty.
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Zongli Yamen
The Zongli Yamen was the government body in charge of foreign policy in imperial China during the late Qing dynasty.
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Zuo Zongtang
Zuo Zongtang, Marquis Kejing (also romanised as Tso Tsung-t'ang;; 10 November 1812 – 5 September 1885), sometimes referred to as General Tso, was a Chinese statesman and military leader of the late Qing dynasty.
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Redirects here:
Institutional reform, Self Strengthening Movement, Self-Strengthening movement, Self-strengthening movement, Yangwu movement, Ziqiang, 洋務運動, 自强運動.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Strengthening_Movement
