170 relations: Abd (Arabic), Abu Bakr ibn Umar, Abu'l-Fida, Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia, Al-Bakri, Al-Masudi, Almoravid dynasty, Alvise Cadamosto, Ambidédi, Ant, Atlantic Ocean, Bafing River, Bafoulabé, Bagoé River, Bakel, Senegal, Bakoy River, Bamako, Bambara people, Bambouk, Bambouk Mountains, Barbary Coast, Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC), Behemoth, Berbers, Brak (African kings), Canary Islands, Cape Bojador, Cape Chaunar, Carthage, Catalan Atlas, Cayor, Dagana, Senegal, Dakar, Dakhla, Western Sahara, Dam, Damel, Damião de Góis, Diama Dam, Dinis Dias, Djenné, Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano, Doué River, Drainage basin, Ecoregion, Endemism, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Empire, Falémé River, Félou Hydroelectric Plant, Ferlo Desert, ..., Fouta Djallon, Fra Mauro, Fra Mauro map, Futa Tooro, Gadifer de la Salle, Gambia River, Gao, Garden of Eden, Ghana Empire, Gihon, Gil Eanes, Giovanni Battista Ramusio, Giovanni da Carignano, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, Gorgol River, Gouina Falls, Gouina Hydroelectric Plant, Grande Côte, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea, Hanno the Navigator, Henry Thomas Riley, Hereford Mappa Mundi, Hippopotamus, Hoggar Mountains, Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi, Ifriqiya, Jaume Ferrer, Jean de Béthencourt, João de Barros, John Bostock (physician), Kaédi, Kanem–Bornu Empire, Kano, Karakoro River, Kayes, Kingdom of Portugal, Kolinbiné River, Kukiya, Lac de Guiers, Lançarote de Freitas, Langue de Barbarie, Launch (boat), Leo Africanus, Lisbon, Loma Mountains, Luis del Mármol Carvajal, Mali, Mali Empire, Mallorca, Manantali Dam, Mansa (title), Marino Sanuto the Elder, Mauritania, Medici-Laurentian Atlas, Mediterranean Sea, Microsoft PowerPoint, Morfil Island, Morocco, Mount Cameroon, Mountains of the Moon (Africa), Mouth bar, Muhammad al-Idrisi, Musa I of Mali, Niamey, Niger River, Nile, Nubia, Nuno Tristão, Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal, Ouargla, Phoenician language, Pietro Vesconte, Pillars of Hercules, Pirogue, Pliny the Elder, Pondor, Portolan chart, Portuguese people, Prester John, Prince Henry the Navigator, Ptolemy, Río de Oro, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Venice, Richard Toll, River, River source, Roog, Rosso, Saint-Louis, Senegal, Seawater, Senegal, Serer language, Serer people, Serer religion, Slavery, Sokoto, Soninke people, Sous, Species richness, Takrur, Talari Gorges, Tiber, Timbuktu, Tinkisso River, Toucouleur people, Trans-Saharan trade, Tributary, Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi, Waalo, Weir, West Africa, Western Sahara, White Nile, William Desborough Cooley, Wolof language, Wolof people, Zenaga language, Zenata. Expand index (120 more) »
Abd (Arabic)
ʿAbd (عبد) is an Arabic word meaning one who is subordinated as a slave or a servant, and it means also to worship.
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Abu Bakr ibn Umar
Abu Bakr ibn Umar ibn Ibrahim ibn Turgut, sometimes suffixed al-Sanhaji or al-Lamtuni (died 1087; أبو بكر بن عمر) was a chieftain of the Lamtuna Berber Tribe and commander of the Almoravids from 1056 until his death.
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Abu'l-Fida
Abu al-Fida (أبو الفداء; November 1273October 27, 1331), fully Abu Al-fida' Isma'il Ibn 'ali ibn Mahmud Al-malik Al-mu'ayyad 'imad Ad-din and better known in English as Abulfeda, was a Kurdish historian, geographer and local governor of Hama.
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Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia
Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia was a 15th-century Portuguese nautical explorer.
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Al-Bakri
, or simply Al-Bakri (أبو عبيد عبدالله بن عبد العزيز البكري) (c. 1014–1094) was an Andalusian Arab historian and the greatest geographer of the Muslim West.
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Al-Masudi
Al-Mas‘udi (أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي,; –956) was an Arab historian and geographer.
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Almoravid dynasty
The Almoravid dynasty (Imṛabḍen, ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⴻⵏ; المرابطون, Al-Murābiṭūn) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in Morocco.
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Alvise Cadamosto
Alvise Cadamosto or Alvide da Ca' da Mosto (also known in Portuguese as Luís Cadamosto; c. 1432 – July 18, 1488) was an Venetian slave trader and explorer, who was hired by the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator and undertook two known journeys to West Africa in 1455 and 1456, accompanied by the Genoese captain Antoniotto Usodimare.
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Ambidédi
Ambidédi is a small town and principal settlement (chef-lieu) of the commune of Kéméné Tambo in the Cercle of Kayes in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali.
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Ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.
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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.
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Bafing River
The Bafing River runs through Guinea and Mali and is about long.
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Bafoulabé
Bafoulabé is a town and rural commune in south-western Mali.
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Bagoé River
The Bagoé River is a tributary of the Bani River in western Africa.
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Bakel, Senegal
Bakel is a town of approximately 15,000 inhabitants located in the eastern part of Senegal, West Africa.
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Bakoy River
The Bakoy or Bakoye River is a river in West Africa.
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Bamako
Bamako is the capital and largest city of Mali, with a population of 1.8 million (2009 census, provisional).
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Bambara people
The Bambara (Bamana or Banmana) are a Mandé ethnic group native to much of West Africa, primarily southern Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso and Senegal.
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Bambouk
Bambouk (sometimes Bambuk or Bambuhu) is a traditional name for the territory in eastern Senegal and western Mali, encompassing the Bambouk Mountains on its eastern edge, the valley of the Faleme River and the hilly country to the east of the river valley.
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Bambouk Mountains
The Bambouk Mountains are a mountain range in western Mali, near its border with Senegal.
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Barbary Coast
The Barbary Coast, or Berber Coast, was the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the early 19th century to refer to much of the collective land of the Berber people.
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Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)
The Battle of Carthage was the main engagement of the Third Punic War between the Punic city of Carthage in Africa and the Roman Republic.
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Behemoth
Behemoth (בהמות, behemoth (modern: behemot)) is a beast mentioned in.
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Berbers
Berbers or Amazighs (Berber: Imaziɣen, ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⴻⵏ; singular: Amaziɣ, ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗ) are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa, primarily inhabiting Algeria, northern Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, northern Niger, Tunisia, Libya, and a part of western Egypt.
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Brak (African kings)
Brak (or Braque) was the title of the kings of the kingdoms of Waalo (or Oualo) and Biffeche on the Senegal River in Senegal and Mauritania in West Africa until the 19th century.
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Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.
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Cape Bojador
Cape Bojador (رأس بوجادور, trans. Rā's Būjādūr; ⴱⵓⵊⴷⵓⵔ, Bujdur; Spanish and Cabo Bojador; Cap Boujdour) is a headland on the northern coast of Western Sahara, at 26° 07' 37"N, 14° 29' 57"W (various sources give various locations: this is from the Sailing Directions for the region), as well as the name of the large nearby town with a population of 41,178.
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Cape Chaunar
Cape Chaunar, Cap Uarsig, Cape Nun, Cap Noun, Cabo de Não or Nant is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in southern Morocco, between Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni.
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Carthage
Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.
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Catalan Atlas
The Catalan Atlas (Atles català,,, archaic spelling: Atlas Catalan) is the most important map of the medieval period in the Catalan language (drawn and written in 1375).
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Cayor
Cayor (Kajoor; Cayor) was the largest and most powerful kingdom (1549–1879) that split off from the Jolof Empire in what is now Senegal.
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Dagana, Senegal
Dagana is a town in the Saint-Louis Region of Senegal and the capital of the Dagana Department.
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Dakar
Dakar is the capital and largest city of Senegal.
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Dakhla, Western Sahara
Dakhla (الداخلة; ⴻⴷⴷⴰⵅⵍⴰ, Ed-Daḵla; Villa Cisneros, Dajla, Ed-Dakhla) is a city in Western Sahara, a disputed territory currently administered by Morocco.
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Dam
A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.
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Damel
Damel was the title of the ruler (or king) of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor in what is now northwest Senegal, West Africa.
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Damião de Góis
Damião de Góis (February 2, 1502January 30, 1574), born in Alenquer, Portugal, was an important Portuguese humanist philosopher.
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Diama Dam
The Diama Dam, sometimes referred to as the Maka–Diama Dam, is a gravity dam on the Senegal River, spanning the border of Senegal and Mauritania.
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Dinis Dias
Dinis Dias was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer.
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Djenné
Djenné (also Djénné, Jenné and Jenne) is a town and an urban commune in the Inland Niger Delta region of central Mali.
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Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano
Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano, known as the Pizzigani brothers, were 14th-century Venetian cartographers.
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Doué River
Doué River is a left branch of the Senegal River in Senegal roughly between the cities of Kaédi and Podor.
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Drainage basin
A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.
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Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than an ecozone.
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Endemism
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
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Ethiopia
Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
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Ethiopian Empire
The Ethiopian Empire (የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ), also known as Abyssinia (derived from the Arabic al-Habash), was a kingdom that spanned a geographical area in the current state of Ethiopia.
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Falémé River
The Falémé River is a river in West Africa.
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Félou Hydroelectric Plant
The Félou Hydroelectric Plant, is a hydroelectric installation at the Félou Falls on the Sénégal River in Mali.
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Ferlo Desert
The Ferlo Desert, also known as the Ferio Desert, is a desert in northern-central Senegal.
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Fouta Djallon
Fouta Djallon is a highland region in the centre of Guinea, a country in West Africa.
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Fra Mauro
Fra Mauro, O.S.B. Cam., (died 1464) was an Italian cartographer who lived in the Republic of Venice.
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Fra Mauro map
The Fra Mauro map, "considered the greatest memorial of medieval cartography", is a map of the world made around 1450 by the Italian cartographer Fra Mauro.
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Futa Tooro
Futa Toro (Wolof and Fuuta Tooro; Fouta-Toro), often simply the Futa, is a semidesert region around the middle run of the Senegal River.
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Gadifer de la Salle
Gadifer de La Salle (Sainte-Radegonde, 1340 –1415) was a French knight and crusader of Poitevine origin who, with Jean de Béthencourt, conquered and explored the Canary Islands for the Kingdom of Castile.
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Gambia River
The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra) is a major river in West Africa, running from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and the Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul.
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Gao
Gao is a city in Mali and the capital of the Gao Region.
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Garden of Eden
The Garden of Eden (Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן, Gan ʿEḏen) or (often) Paradise, is the biblical "garden of God", described most notably in the Book of Genesis chapters 2 and 3, and also in the Book of Ezekiel.
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Ghana Empire
The Ghana Empire (700 until 1240), properly known as Awkar (Ghana or Ga'na being the title of its ruler), was located in the area of present-day southeastern Mauritania and western Mali.
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Gihon
Gihon is the name of the second river mentioned in the second chapter of the biblical Book of Genesis.
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Gil Eanes
Gil Eanes (or Eannes, in the old Portuguese spelling) was a 15th-century Portuguese navigator and explorer.
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Giovanni Battista Ramusio
Giovanni Battista Ramusio (July 20, 1485 – July 10, 1557) was an Italian geographer and travel writer.
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Giovanni da Carignano
Giovanni da Carignano, or Johannes de Mauro de Carignano (Genoa c. 1250-Genoa 1329) was a priest and a pioneering cartographer from Genoa.
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Gomes Eanes de Zurara
Gomes Eanes de Zurara (c. 1410 – c. 1474), sometimes spelled Eannes or Azurara, was a Portuguese chronicler of the Age of Discovery, the most notable after Fernão Lopes.
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Gorgol River
The Gorgol River is a river of southern Mauritania that is a tributary of the Sénégal River.
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Gouina Falls
The Gouina Falls or Chutes de Gouina are on the Sénégal River in Mali between the towns of Bafoulabé (upstream) and Diamou (downstream) in the Kayes Region, where the river runs north from the Talari Gorges.
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Gouina Hydroelectric Plant
The Gouina Hydroelectric Plant is a run-of-the-river-type hydroelectric installation currently being constructed on Gouina Falls along the Senegal River in Mali.
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Grande Côte
The Grande Côte is a stretch of coastline in Senegal, running north from the Cap-Vert peninsula of Dakar to the border with Mauritania at St-Louis.
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Guinea
Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a country on the western coast of Africa.
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Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia.
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Hanno the Navigator
Hanno the Navigator was a Carthaginian explorer of the sixth or fifth century BC, best known for his supposed naval exploration of the western coast of Africa.
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Henry Thomas Riley
Henry Thomas Riley (1816–1878) was an English translator, lexicographer, and antiquary.
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Hereford Mappa Mundi
The Hereford Mappa Mundi is a medieval map of the known world (mappa mundi in Latin), of a form deriving from the T and O pattern, dating from c. 1300.
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Hippopotamus
The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis or Hexaprotodon liberiensis).
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Hoggar Mountains
The Hoggar Mountains (جبال هقار, Berber: idurar n Ahaggar, Tuareg: Idurar Uhaggar), also known as the Ahaggar Mountains, are a highland region in the central Sahara, southern Algeria, along the Tropic of Cancer.
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Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi
Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Mūsā ibn Saʿīd al-Maghribī (علي بن موسى المغربي بن سعيد) (1213–1286), also known as Ibn Saʿīd al-Andalusī, was an Arab geographer, historian, poet, and the most important collector of poetry from al-Andalus in the 12th and 13th centuries.
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Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah or el-Maghrib el-Adna (Lower West) was the area during medieval history that comprises what is today Tunisia, Tripolitania (western Libya) and the Constantinois (eastern Algeria); all part of what was previously included in the Africa Province of the Roman Empire.
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Jaume Ferrer
Jaume Ferrer (fl. 1346) was a Majorcan sailor and explorer.
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Jean de Béthencourt
Jean de Béthencourt (1362–1425) was a French explorer who in 1402 led an expedition to the Canary Islands, landing first on the north side of Lanzarote.
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João de Barros
João de Barros (1496 – 20 October 1570), called the Portuguese Livy, is one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his Décadas da Ásia ("Decades of Asia"), a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa.
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John Bostock (physician)
John Bostock, Jr. MD FRS (baptised 29 June 1773, died 6 August 1846) was an English physician, scientist and geologist from Liverpool.
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Kaédi
Kaédi (كيهيدي) is the largest city and administrative center of the Gorgol Region of Southern Mauritania.
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Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire that existed in modern Chad and Nigeria.
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Kano
Kano is the state capital of Kano State in North West, Nigeria.
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Karakoro River
The Karakoro River is a small seasonal tributary of the Sénégal River that forms part of the Mauritania-Mali border.
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Kayes
Kayes (Bambara: Kayi, Soninké: Xaayi) is a city in western Mali on the Sénégal River, with a population of 127,368 at the 2009 census.
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Kingdom of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal (Regnum Portugalliae, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of modern Portugal.
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Kolinbiné River
The Kolinbiné River is a river in West Africa.
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Kukiya
Kukiya (كوكيا, also Romanized as Kūkīyā and Kūkīā) is a village in Baranduzchay-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
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Lac de Guiers
The Lac de Guiers or Lake Guiers is a lake in northern Senegal, south of the city of Richard-Toll and in the Louga and Saint-Louis regions.
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Lançarote de Freitas
Lançarote de Freitas, better known as Lançarote de Lagos or Lançarote da Ilha, was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer and slave trader from Lagos, Portugal.
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Langue de Barbarie
The Langue de Barbarie (French for "Barbary tongue") is a thin, sandy peninsula, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean, located in western Senegal, in the neighbourhood of the city of Saint-Louis.
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Launch (boat)
A launch is an open motorboat.
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Leo Africanus
Joannes Leo Africanus, (c. 1494 – c. 1554?) (born al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan al-Fasi, حسن ابن محمد الوزان الفاسي) was a Berber Andalusi diplomat and author who is best known for his book Descrittione dell’Africa (Description of Africa) centered on the geography of the Maghreb and Nile Valley.
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Lisbon
Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 552,700, Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2.
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Loma Mountains
The Loma Mountains are the highest mountain range in Sierra Leone.
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Luis del Mármol Carvajal
Luis del Marmol Carvajal (Granada, Spain, 1520 - Velez Malaga, Spain, 1600) was a Spanish chronicler living many years among the formerly Moorish Granada kingdom morisco's inhabitants and in the North African Berber regions at the end of the 15th, and a good part of the 16th century.
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Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa, a region geologically identified with the West African Craton.
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Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (Manding: Nyeni or Niani; also historically referred to as the Manden Kurufaba, sometimes shortened to Manden) was an empire in West Africa from 1230 to 1670.
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Mallorca
Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.
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Manantali Dam
The Manantali Dam is a multi-purpose dam on the Bafing river in the Senegal River basin, to the south-east of Bafoulabé, in Mali's Kayes Region.
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Mansa (title)
Mansa is a Mandinka word meaning "sultan" (king) or "emperor".
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Marino Sanuto the Elder
Marino Sanuto or Sanudo the Elder of Torcello (– 1338) was a Venetian statesman and geographer.
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Mauritania
Mauritania (موريتانيا; Gànnaar; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; Mauritanie), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwestern Africa.
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Medici-Laurentian Atlas
The Medici-Laurentian Atlas, also known simply as the Medici Atlas (and other variants, e.g. "Laurenziano Gaddiano", "Laurentian Portolano", "Atlante Mediceo" or "Laurentian Atlas"), is an anonymous 14th-century set of maps, probably composed by an Genoese cartographer and explicitly dated 1351, although most historians believe it was composed, or at least retouched, later.
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Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.
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Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint (or simply PowerPoint) is a presentation program, created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software company named Forethought, Inc.
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Morfil Island
Morfil Island (Ile à Morfil; lit. "Ivory Island") is an island lying between the River Senegal and the Doué River in northern Senegal.
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Morocco
Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.
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Mount Cameroon
Mount Cameroon is an active volcano in Cameroon near the Gulf of Guinea.
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Mountains of the Moon (Africa)
''Jibhel Kumri'' or Mountains of the Moon as conceived in 1819 Mountains of the Moon (Latin: Montes Lunae, Arabic: Jibbel el Kumri) is an ancient term referring to a legendary mountain or mountain range in east Africa at the source of the Nile River.
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Mouth bar
A mouth bar is a bar in a river that is typically created in the middle of a channel in a river delta.
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Muhammad al-Idrisi
Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti, or simply al-Idrisi (أبو عبد الله محمد الإدريسي القرطبي الحسني السبتي; Dreses; 1100 – 1165), was an Arab Muslim geographer, cartographer and Egyptologist who lived in Palermo, Sicily at the court of King Roger II.
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Musa I of Mali
Musa I or Mansa Musa was the tenth Mansa, which translates to "sultan", "conqueror", or "emperor", of the wealthy West African Mali Empire.
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Niamey
Niamey is the capital and largest city of the West African country Niger.
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Niger River
The Niger River is the principal river of West Africa, extending about.
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Nile
The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.
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Nubia
Nubia is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between Aswan in southern Egypt and Khartoum in central Sudan.
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Nuno Tristão
Nuno Tristão was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer and slave trader, active in the early 1440s, traditionally thought to be the first European to reach the region of Guinea (legendarily, as far as Guinea-Bissau, but more recent historians believe he did not go beyond the Gambia River).
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Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal
The Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (OMVS; in English Senegal River Basin Development Authority) is an organisation grouping Guinea, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal for the purpose of jointly managing the Senegal River and its drainage basin.
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Ouargla
Ouargla (Berber: Wargren or Wargla, ورجلان، ورقلة, old Berber name: Wareglan) is the capital city of Ouargla Province in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria.
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Phoenician language
Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal (Mediterranean) region then called "Canaan" in Phoenician, Hebrew, Old Arabic, and Aramaic, "Phoenicia" in Greek and Latin, and "Pūt" in the Egyptian language.
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Pietro Vesconte
Pietro Vesconte (fl. 1310–1330) was a Genoese cartographer and geographer.
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Pillars of Hercules
The Pillars of Hercules (Latin: Columnae Herculis, Greek: Ἡράκλειαι Στῆλαι, Arabic: أعمدة هرقل / Aʿmidat Hiraql, Spanish: Columnas de Hércules) was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar.
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Pirogue
A pirogue, also called a piragua or piraga, can refer to various small boats, particularly dugouts and native canoes.
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Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.
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Pondor
Pondor is a small village in the Municipality of Tabor in central Slovenia.
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Portolan chart
Portolan or portulan charts are navigational maps based on compass directions and estimated distances observed by the pilots at sea.
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Portuguese people
Portuguese people are an ethnic group indigenous to Portugal that share a common Portuguese culture and speak Portuguese.
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Prester John
Prester John (Presbyter Johannes) was a legendary Christian patriarch, presbyter (elder) and king who was popular in European chronicles and tradition from the 12th through the 17th centuries.
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Prince Henry the Navigator
Infante D. Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator (Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.
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Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; Claudius Ptolemaeus) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.
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Río de Oro
Río de Oro (Spanish for "Gold River";, wādī-að-ðahab, often transliterated as Oued Edhahab) was, with Saguia el-Hamra, one of the two territories that formed the Spanish province of Spanish Sahara after 1969; it had been taken as a Spanish colonial possession in the late 19th century.
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Republic of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna,; Res Publica Ianuensis; Repubblica di Genova) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Richard Toll
Richard Toll is a town in northern Senegal, lying on the south bank of the River Senegal, just east of Rosso.
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River
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
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River source
The source or headwaters of a river or stream is the furthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river.
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Roog
Roog or Rog (Koox in the Cangin languages) is the Supreme God and creator of the Serer religion of the Senegambia region.
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Rosso
Rosso is the major city of south-western Mauritania and capital of Trarza region.
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Saint-Louis, Senegal
Saint-Louis, or Ndar as it is called in Wolof, is the capital of Senegal's Saint-Louis Region.
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Seawater
Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.
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Senegal
Senegal (Sénégal), officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa.
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Serer language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of Niger–Congo spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia.
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Serer people
The Serer people are a West African ethnoreligious group.
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Serer religion
The Serer religion, or a ƭat Roog ("the way of the Divine"), is the original religious beliefs, practices, and teachings of the Serer people of Senegal in West Africa.
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Slavery
Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.
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Sokoto
Sokoto is a city located in the extreme northwest of Nigeria, near the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River.
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Soninke people
The Soninke, also called Sarakole, Seraculeh, or Serahuli, are a West African ethnic group found in eastern Senegal and its capital Dakar, northwestern Mali and Foute Djalon in Guinea, and southern Mauritania.
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Sous
The Sous region (also spelt Sus, Suss, Souss or Sousse) (Berber: ⵙⵓⵙ, Sus) is a region in mid-southern Morocco.
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Species richness
Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region.
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Takrur
Takrur, Tekrur or Tekrour (800 – c. 1285) was an ancient state of West Africa, which flourished roughly parallel to the Ghana Empire.
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Talari Gorges
The Talari Gorges or Gorges de Talary are a series of gorges on the Sénégal River in Mali, between the towns of Bafoulabé (upstream) and Galougo (downstream) in the Kayes Region, at an altitude of about 75 meters or 249 feet above sea level.
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Tiber
The Tiber (Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino.
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Timbuktu
Timbuktu, also spelt Tinbuktu, Timbuctoo and Timbuktoo (Tombouctou; Koyra Chiini: Tumbutu), is an ancient city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River.
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Tinkisso River
The Tinkisso River is a river in Guinea in west Africa.
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Toucouleur people
The Toucouleur people, also called Tukulor or Haalpulaar are a West African ethnic group native to Futa Tooro region of Senegal.
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Trans-Saharan trade
Trans-Saharan trade requires travel across the Sahara (north and south) to reach sub-Saharan Africa from the North African coast, Europe, to the Levant.
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Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake.
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Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi
Vandino (sometimes Vadino or Guido) and Ugolino Vivaldi (sometimes Ugolino de Vivaldo) (fl. 1291) were two brothers and Genoese explorers and merchants.
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Waalo
Walo (Waalo was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what are now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and areas north and south, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north were Moorish emirates; to the south was the kingdom of Cayor; to the east was Jolof. Waalo had a complicated political and social system, which has a continuing influence on Wolof culture in Senegal today, especially its highly formalized and rigid caste system. The kingdom was indirectly hereditary, ruled by three matrilinial families: the Logar, the Tedyek and the Joos, all from different ethnic backgrounds. The Joos were of Serer origin. This Serer matriclan was established in Waalo by Lingeer Ndoye Demba of Sine. Her grandmother Lingeer Fatim Beye is the matriarch and early ancestor of this dynasty. These matrilinial families engaged in constant dynastic struggles to become "Brak" or king of Waalo, as well as warring with Waalo's neighbors. The royal title "Lingeer" means queen or royal princess, used by the Serer and Wolof. Waalo was founded in 1287. The semi-legendary figure NDiadiane Ndiaye, was from this kingdom. The mysterious figure went on to rule the kingdom of Jolof. Under NDdiadian, Jolof made Waalo a vassal. The royal capital of Waalo was first Ndiourbel (Guribel) on the north bank of the Senegal River (in modern Mauritania), then Ndiangué on the south bank of the river, then the capital was moved to Nder on the west shore of the Lac de Guiers. Waalo was subject to constant raids for slaves not only from the Moors but also in the internecine wars. The Brak ruled with a kind of legislature, the Seb Ak Baor, over a complicated hierarchy of officials and dignitaries. Women had high positions and figure promininently in the political and military history. Waalo had lucrative treaties with the French, who had established their base at the island of Saint-Louis (now Saint-Louis, Senegal) near the mouth of the river. Waalo was paid fees for every boatload of gum arabic or slaves that was shipped on the river, in return for its "protection" of the trade. Eventually this protection became ineffective. Vassals of Waalo, like Beetyo (Bethio) split off. In all, Waalo had 52 kings since its founding. Waalo had its own traditional African religion. The ruling class was slow to accept Islam, which had spread in the valley; the Brak converted only in the 19th century.
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Weir
A weir or low head dam is a barrier across the horizontal width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level.
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West Africa
West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.
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Western Sahara
Western Sahara (الصحراء الغربية, Taneẓroft Tutrimt, Spanish and French: Sahara Occidental) is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially Moroccan-occupied, bordered by Morocco proper to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
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White Nile
The White Nile (النيل الأبيض) is a river in Africa, one of the two main tributaries of the Nile; the other is the Blue Nile.
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William Desborough Cooley
William Desborough Cooley (1795?–1883) was an Irish geographer.
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Wolof language
Wolof is a language of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people.
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Wolof people
The Wolof people are a West African ethnic group found in northwestern Senegal, The Gambia and southwestern coastal Mauritania.
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Zenaga language
Zenaga (autonym) is a moribund Berber language spoken from the town of Mederdra in southwestern Mauritania to the Atlantic coast and in Senegal.
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Zenata
The Zenata (Berber: Iznaten, ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵜⴻⵏ or Iznasen, ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵙⴻⵏ; زناتة Zanātah) were a Berber tribe, who inhabited an area stretching from western Egypt to Morocco in antiquity along with the Sanhaja and Masmuda.
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Redirects here:
Fleuve Sénégal, River Senegal, Senegal (river), Senegal River (Africa), Senegal River Area, Senegal River Drainage Basin, Senegal River Valley, Senegal River drainage basin., Senegal river, Sénégal River, Sénégal River Area, Sénégal River drainage basin.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_River