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Sensory processing disorder

Index Sensory processing disorder

Sensory processing disorder (SPD; also known as '''sensory integration dysfunction''') is a condition that exists when multisensory integration is not adequately processed in order to provide appropriate responses to the demands of the environment. The senses provide information from various modalities—vision, audition, tactile, olfactory, taste, proprioception, interoception and vestibular system—that humans need to function. Sensory processing disorder is characterized by significant problems in organizing sensation coming from the body and the environment and is manifested by difficulties in the performance in one or more of the main areas of life: productivity, leisure and play or activities of daily living. Different people experience a wide range of difficulties when processing input coming from a variety of senses, particularly tactile (e.g., finding fabrics itchy and hard to wear while others do not), vestibular (e.g., experiencing motion sickness while riding a car) and proprioceptive (having difficulty grading the force to hold a pen in order to write). Sensory integration was defined by occupational therapist Anna Jean Ayres in 1972 as "the neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment". Sensory processing disorder is gaining recognition, although it is still not recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Despite its proponents, it is still debated as to whether SPD is actually an independent disorder or the observed symptoms of various other, more well-established, disorders. [1]

69 relations: Activities of daily living, Anna Jean Ayres, Asperger syndrome, Astereognosis, Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Audiology, Auditory integration training, Auditory system, Autism, Autism spectrum, Barry E. Stein, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Cochlear implant, Comorbidity, Corrective lens, David Eagleman, Developmental coordination disorder, Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, Dopamine receptor D2, DSM-5, Electroencephalography, Event-related potential, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Fragile X syndrome, Gating (electrophysiology), Hyperacusis, Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation, ICD-10, Interoception, Learning disability, Leisure, Mental disorder, Misophonia, Motion sickness, Motor planning, Multisensory integration, Music therapy, Nocturnal enuresis, Nosology, Nystagmus, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Occupational science, Occupational therapist, Occupational therapy, Olfaction, Physical therapy, Play (activity), Proprioception, Psychiatry, ..., Psychologist, Schizophrenia, Sense, Sensory Integration Dysfunction, Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation, Sensory threshold, Sleep disorder, Somatosensory system, Speech-language pathology, Stanley Greenspan, Striatum, Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, Synesthesia, Taste, Traumatic brain injury, Vestibular system, Visual perception, Visual system, White matter. Expand index (19 more) »

Activities of daily living

Activities of daily living (ADLs or ADL) is a term used in healthcare to refer to people's daily self care activities.

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Anna Jean Ayres

Anna Jean Ayres (January 18, 1920 – December 16, 1988) was an American occupational therapist, educational psychologist and advocate for individuals with special needs.

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Asperger syndrome

Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.

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Astereognosis

Astereognosis (or tactile agnosia if only one hand is affected) is the inability to identify an object by active touch of the hands without other sensory input, such as visual or sensory information.

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Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans that normally vanishes around three months of age.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.

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Audiology

Audiology (from Latin audīre, "to hear"; and from Greek -λογία, -logia) is a branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and related disorders.

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Auditory integration training

Auditory integration training (AIT), is a procedure pioneered in France by Guy Bérard, who promoted it as a cure for clinical depression and suicidal tendencies, along with what he said were very positive results for dyslexia and autism, although there has been very little empirical evidence regarding this assertion.

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Auditory system

The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing.

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Autism

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

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Autism spectrum

Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Barry E. Stein

Barry E. Stein the Chairman of the Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, where he is also Professor of Neurology.

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Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) is an assessment of executive function behaviors at home and at school for children and adolescents ages 5–18.

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Cochlear implant

A cochlear implant (CI) is a surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a person with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in both ears.

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Comorbidity

In medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders co-occurring with (that is, concomitant or concurrent with) a primary disease or disorder; in the countable sense of the term, a comorbidity (plural comorbidities) is each additional disorder or disease.

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Corrective lens

A corrective lens is a lens typically worn in front of the eye to improve vision.

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David Eagleman

David Eagleman (born April 25, 1971) is an American writer and neuroscientist, teaching at Stanford University as an in the department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences.

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Developmental coordination disorder

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental dyspraxia or simply dyspraxia, is a chronic neurological disorder beginning in childhood.

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Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood

The Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood-Revised (DC: 0-3R) is a developmentally based diagnostic manual that provides clinical criteria for categorizing mental health and developmental disorders in infants and toddlers.

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Dopamine receptor D2

Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.

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DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

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Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain.

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Event-related potential

An event-related potential (ERP) is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event.

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

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Fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder.

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Gating (electrophysiology)

In electrophysiology, the term gating refers to the opening (activation) or closing (by deactivation or inactivation) of ion channels.

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Hyperacusis

Hyperacusis (or hyperacousis) is a debilitating hearing disorder characterized by an increased sensitivity to certain frequencies and volume ranges of sound (a collapsed tolerance to usual environmental sound).

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Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation

Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation is characterized by a subjective experience of sensory overload and a relative resistance to lidocaine local anesthesia.

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ICD-10

ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Interoception

Interoception is contemporarily defined as the sense of the internal state of the body.

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Learning disability

Learning disability is a classification that includes several areas of functioning in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors.

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Leisure

Leisure has often been defined as a quality of experience or as free time. Free time is time spent away from business, work, job hunting, domestic chores, and education, as well as necessary activities such as eating and sleeping.

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Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

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Misophonia

Misophonia, literally "hatred of sound", was proposed in 2000 as a condition in which negative emotions, thoughts, and physical reactions are triggered by specific sounds.

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Motion sickness

Motion sickness is a condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement.

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Motor planning

In psychology and neuroscience, motor planning is a set of processes related to the preparation of a movement that occurs during the reaction time (the time between the presentation of a stimulus to a person and that person's initiation of a motor response).

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Multisensory integration

Multisensory integration, also known as multimodal integration, is the study of how information from the different sensory modalities, such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion and taste, may be integrated by the nervous system.

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Music therapy

Music therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.

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Nocturnal enuresis

Nocturnal enuresis, also called bedwetting, is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually occurs.

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Nosology

Nosology is a classification scheme used in medicine to classify diseases.

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Nystagmus

Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in rare cases) eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result in reduced or limited vision.

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly (called "rituals"), or have certain thoughts repeatedly (called "obsessions").

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Occupational science

Occupational science is an interdisciplinary field in the social and behavioral sciences dedicated to the study of humans as "occupational beings".

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Occupational therapist

An occupational therapist works with a client to help them achieve a fulfilled and satisfied state in life through the use of "purposeful activity or interventions designed to achieve occupational outcomes which promote health, prevent injury or disability to develop, improve, sustain or restore the highest possible level of independence." A practical definition for OT can also be illustrated with the use of models such as the Occupational Performance Model (Australia), known as the OPM(A).

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Occupational therapy

Occupational therapy (OT) is the use of assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain the meaningful activities, or occupations, of individuals, groups, or communities.

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Olfaction

Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.

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Physical therapy

Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions that, by using mechanical force and movements (bio-mechanics or kinesiology), manual therapy, exercise therapy, and electrotherapy, remediates impairments and promotes mobility and function.

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Play (activity)

In psychology and ethology, play is a range of voluntary, intrinsically motivated activities normally associated with recreational pleasure and enjoyment.

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Proprioception

Proprioception, from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own", "individual", and capio, capere, to take or grasp, is the sense of the relative position of one's own parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement.

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Psychiatry

Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

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Psychologist

A psychologist studies normal and abnormal mental states from cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.

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Sense

A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.

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Sensory Integration Dysfunction

Sensory integration dysfunction refers to difficulties in emotional and behavioral regulation, attention, perceptual-motor functions, and learning related to atypical processing and integration of sensory information, particularly from the proximal senses (vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile systems).

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Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation

The Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation (formerly known as the KID Foundation) is a registered 501(c)3, nonprofit organization dedicated to research in 1979, education and advocacy for sensory processing disorder.

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Sensory threshold

In psychophysics, sensory threshold is the weakest stimulus that an organism can detect.

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Sleep disorder

A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal.

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Somatosensory system

The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system.

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Speech-language pathology

Speech-language pathology is a field of expertise practiced by a clinician known as a speech-language pathologist (SLP), also sometimes referred to as a speech and language therapist or a speech therapist. SLP is considered a "related health profession" along with audiology, optometry, occupational therapy, clinical psychology, physical therapy, and others.

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Stanley Greenspan

Stanley Greenspan (June 1, 1941 – April 27, 2010) was a clinical professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Science, and Pediatrics at George Washington University Medical School and a practicing child psychiatrist.

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Striatum

The striatum, or corpus striatum (also called the neostriatum and the striate nucleus) is a nucleus (a cluster of neurons) in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain.

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Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.

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Synesthesia

Synesthesia is a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway.

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Taste

Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

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Traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force injures the brain.

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Vestibular system

The vestibular system, in most mammals, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear in most mammals.

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Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.

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Visual system

The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which gives organisms the ability to process visual detail, as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions.

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White matter

White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts.

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Redirects here:

Bilateral integration and sequencing disorder, Dysfunction in sensory integration, Perceptual disorder, Perceptual disorders, Processing deficit, Processing disorder, Sensation disorder, Sensorial deficiencies, Sensorial deficiency, Sensory Integration Disfunction, Sensory Processing Disorder, Sensory defensiveness, Sensory diet, Sensory integration disorder, Sensory integration dysfunction, Sensory integrative dysfunction, Sensory perception disorder, Sensory seeking, Sensory seeking disorder, Tactile defensiveness.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_processing_disorder

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