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110 relations: Accuracy and precision, Algebra, Algebraic formula for the variance, Arithmetic underflow, Average, Average absolute deviation, Basal metabolic rate, Bessel's correction, Bias of an estimator, Bollinger Bands, Calculus, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Cauchy distribution, Central limit theorem, Central moment, CERN, Chebyshev's inequality, Chi distribution, Coefficient of variation, Commutative property, Completing the square, Concave function, Confidence interval, Consistent estimator, Covariance, Cumulant, Cumulative distribution function, Data set, Degrees of freedom (statistics), Descriptive statistics, Deviation (statistics), Dimensionless quantity, Distance correlation, Efficient estimator, Error bar, Error function, Estimator, Expected value, First observation of gravitational waves, Gamma function, Geometric standard deviation, Higgs boson, Human height, Integer overflow, Integral, Jensen's inequality, Karl Pearson, Kurtosis, Least squares, Location parameter, ..., Log-normal distribution, Mahalanobis distance, Margin of error, Maximum likelihood estimation, Mean, Mean absolute error, Mean squared error, Measurement, Modern portfolio theory, Moment (mathematics), Normal distribution, Normalizing constant, Northern fulmar, Opinion poll, Parametric model, Particle physics, Percentage point, Percentile, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, Pooled variance, Prediction interval, Probability density function, Probability distribution, Propagation of uncertainty, Random variable, Rate of return, Raw score, Robust measures of scale, Robust statistics, Root mean square, Root-mean-square deviation, Round-off error, S, Sample (statistics), Sample mean and covariance, Sample size determination, Samuelson's inequality, Scale parameter, Sigma, Six Sigma, Square (algebra), Square root, Squared deviations from the mean, Standard error, Standard score, Statistic, Statistical dispersion, Statistical population, Statistical significance, Statistics, Summation, Technical analysis, Unbiased estimation of standard deviation, United States, Univariate, Variance, Volatility (finance), Yamartino method, Z-test, 68–95–99.7 rule. Expand index (60 more) »
Accuracy and precision
Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of statistical variability.
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Algebra
Algebra (from Arabic "al-jabr", literally meaning "reunion of broken parts") is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis.
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Algebraic formula for the variance
In probability theory and statistics, there are several algebraic formulae for the variance available for deriving the variance of a random variable.
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Arithmetic underflow
The term arithmetic underflow (or "floating point underflow", or just "underflow") is a condition in a computer program where the result of a calculation is a number of smaller absolute value than the computer can actually represent in memory on its CPU.
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Average
In colloquial language, an average is a middle or typical number of a list of numbers.
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Average absolute deviation
The average absolute deviation (or mean absolute deviation) of a data set is the average of the absolute deviations from a central point.
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Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.
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Bessel's correction
In statistics, Bessel's correction is the use of n − 1 instead of n in the formula for the sample variance and sample standard deviation, where n is the number of observations in a sample.
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Bias of an estimator
In statistics, the bias (or bias function) of an estimator is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated.
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Bollinger Bands
Bollinger Bands are a type of statistical chart characterizing the prices and volatility over time of a financial instrument or commodity, using a formulaic method propounded by John Bollinger in the 1980s.
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Calculus
Calculus (from Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus), is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß; Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields, including algebra, analysis, astronomy, differential geometry, electrostatics, geodesy, geophysics, magnetic fields, matrix theory, mechanics, number theory, optics and statistics.
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Cauchy distribution
The Cauchy distribution, named after Augustin Cauchy, is a continuous probability distribution.
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Central limit theorem
In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) establishes that, in some situations, when independent random variables are added, their properly normalized sum tends toward a normal distribution (informally a "bell curve") even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed.
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Central moment
In probability theory and statistics, a central moment is a moment of a probability distribution of a random variable about the random variable's mean; that is, it is the expected value of a specified integer power of the deviation of the random variable from the mean.
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CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN (derived from the name Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.
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Chebyshev's inequality
In probability theory, Chebyshev's inequality (also spelled as Tchebysheff's inequality, Нера́венство Чебышёва, also called Bienaymé-Chebyshev inequality) guarantees that, for a wide class of probability distributions, no more than a certain fraction of values can be more than a certain distance from the mean.
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Chi distribution
No description.
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Coefficient of variation
In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution.
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Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result.
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Completing the square
In elementary algebra, completing the square is a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form to the form for some values of h and k. Completing the square is used in.
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Concave function
In mathematics, a concave function is the negative of a convex function.
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Confidence interval
In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.
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Consistent estimator
In statistics, a consistent estimator or asymptotically consistent estimator is an estimator—a rule for computing estimates of a parameter θ0—having the property that as the number of data points used increases indefinitely, the resulting sequence of estimates converges in probability to θ0.
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Covariance
In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables.
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Cumulant
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulants of a probability distribution are a set of quantities that provide an alternative to the moments of the distribution.
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Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF, also cumulative density function) of a real-valued random variable X, or just distribution function of X, evaluated at x, is the probability that X will take a value less than or equal to x. In the case of a continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from minus infinity to x. Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
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Data set
A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data.
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Degrees of freedom (statistics)
In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.
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Descriptive statistics
A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information, while descriptive statistics in the mass noun sense is the process of using and analyzing those statistics.
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Deviation (statistics)
In mathematics and statistics, deviation is a measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean.
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Dimensionless quantity
In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity is a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned.
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Distance correlation
In statistics and in probability theory, distance correlation or distance covariance is a measure of dependence between two paired random vectors of arbitrary, not necessarily equal, dimension.
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Efficient estimator
In statistics, an efficient estimator is an estimator that estimates the quantity of interest in some “best possible” manner.
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Error bar
Error bars are graphical representations of the variability of data and used on graphs to indicate the error or uncertainty in a reported measurement.
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Error function
In mathematics, the error function (also called the Gauss error function) is a special function (non-elementary) of sigmoid shape that occurs in probability, statistics, and partial differential equations describing diffusion.
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Estimator
In statistics, an estimator is a rule for calculating an estimate of a given quantity based on observed data: thus the rule (the estimator), the quantity of interest (the estimand) and its result (the estimate) are distinguished.
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Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable, intuitively, is the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents.
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First observation of gravitational waves
The first observation of gravitational waves was made on 14 September 2015 and was announced by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations on 11 February 2016.
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Gamma function
In mathematics, the gamma function (represented by, the capital Greek alphabet letter gamma) is an extension of the factorial function, with its argument shifted down by 1, to real and complex numbers.
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Geometric standard deviation
In probability theory and statistics, the geometric standard deviation describes how spread out are a set of numbers whose preferred average is the geometric mean.
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Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics.
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Human height
Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.
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Integer overflow
In computer programming, an integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation attempts to create a numeric value that is outside of the range that can be represented with a given number of bits – either larger than the maximum or lower than the minimum representable value.
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Integral
In mathematics, an integral assigns numbers to functions in a way that can describe displacement, area, volume, and other concepts that arise by combining infinitesimal data.
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Jensen's inequality
In mathematics, Jensen's inequality, named after the Danish mathematician Johan Jensen, relates the value of a convex function of an integral to the integral of the convex function.
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Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson HFRSE LLD (originally named Carl; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an English mathematician and biostatistician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics, meteorology, theories of social Darwinism and eugenics. Pearson was also a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton.
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Kurtosis
In probability theory and statistics, kurtosis (from κυρτός, kyrtos or kurtos, meaning "curved, arching") is a measure of the "tailedness" of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.
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Least squares
The method of least squares is a standard approach in regression analysis to approximate the solution of overdetermined systems, i.e., sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns.
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Location parameter
In statistics, a location family is a class of probability distributions that is parametrized by a scalar- or vector-valued parameter x_0, which determines the "location" or shift of the distribution.
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Log-normal distribution
In probability theory, a log-normal (or lognormal) distribution is a continuous probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed.
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Mahalanobis distance
The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point P and a distribution D, introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936.
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Margin of error
The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in a survey's results.
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Maximum likelihood estimation
In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations.
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Mean
In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.
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Mean absolute error
In statistics, mean absolute error (MAE) is a measure of difference between two continuous variables.
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Mean squared error
In statistics, the mean squared error (MSE) or mean squared deviation (MSD) of an estimator (of a procedure for estimating an unobserved quantity) measures the average of the squares of the errors—that is, the average squared difference between the estimated values and what is estimated.
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Measurement
Measurement is the assignment of a number to a characteristic of an object or event, which can be compared with other objects or events.
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Modern portfolio theory
Modern portfolio theory (MPT), or mean-variance analysis, is a mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets such that the expected return is maximized for a given level of risk.
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Moment (mathematics)
In mathematics, a moment is a specific quantitative measure, used in both mechanics and statistics, of the shape of a set of points.
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Normal distribution
In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace–Gauss) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.
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Normalizing constant
The concept of a normalizing constant arises in probability theory and a variety of other areas of mathematics.
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Northern fulmar
The northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is a highly abundant sea bird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans.
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Opinion poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a poll or a survey, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample.
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Parametric model
In statistics, a parametric model or parametric family or finite-dimensional model is a family of distributions that can be described using a finite number of parameters.
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Particle physics
Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation.
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Percentage point
A percentage point or percent point (pp) is the unit for the arithmetic difference of two percentages.
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Percentile
A percentile (or a centile) is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations fall.
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences is a fortnightly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
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Pooled variance
In statistics, pooled variance (also known as combined, composite, or overall variance) is a method for estimating variance of several different populations when the mean of each population may be different, but one may assume that the variance of each population is the same.
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Prediction interval
In statistical inference, specifically predictive inference, a prediction interval is an estimate of an interval in which a future observation will fall, with a certain probability, given what has already been observed.
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Probability density function
In probability theory, a probability density function (PDF), or density of a continuous random variable, is a function, whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelihood that the value of the random variable would equal that sample.
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Probability distribution
In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment.
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Propagation of uncertainty
In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them.
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Random variable
In probability and statistics, a random variable, random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable is a variable whose possible values are outcomes of a random phenomenon.
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Rate of return
In finance, return is a profit on an investment.
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Raw score
In statistics and data analysis, a raw score is an original datum that has not been transformed.
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Robust measures of scale
In statistics, a robust measure of scale is a robust statistic that quantifies the statistical dispersion in a set of numerical data.
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Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics with good performance for data drawn from a wide range of probability distributions, especially for distributions that are not normal.
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Root mean square
In statistics and its applications, the root mean square (abbreviated RMS or rms) is defined as the square root of the mean square (the arithmetic mean of the squares of a set of numbers).
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Root-mean-square deviation
The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) or root-mean-square error (RMSE) (or sometimes root-mean-squared error) is a frequently used measure of the differences between values (sample or population values) predicted by a model or an estimator and the values observed.
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Round-off error
A round-off error, also called rounding error, is the difference between the calculated approximation of a number and its exact mathematical value due to rounding.
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S
S (named ess, plural esses) is the 19th letter in the Modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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Sample (statistics)
In statistics and quantitative research methodology, a data sample is a set of data collected and/or selected from a statistical population by a defined procedure.
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Sample mean and covariance
The sample mean or empirical mean and the sample covariance are statistics computed from a collection (the sample) of data on one or more random variables.
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Sample size determination
Sample size determination is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample.
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Samuelson's inequality
In statistics, Samuelson's inequality, named after the economist Paul Samuelson, also called the Laguerre–Samuelson inequality, after the mathematician Edmond Laguerre, states that every one of any collection x1,..., xn, is within uncorrected sample standard deviations of their sample mean.
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Scale parameter
In probability theory and statistics, a scale parameter is a special kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions.
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Sigma
Sigma (upper-case Σ, lower-case σ, lower-case in word-final position ς; σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet.
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Six Sigma
Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement.
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Square (algebra)
In mathematics, a square is the result of multiplying a number by itself.
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Square root
In mathematics, a square root of a number a is a number y such that; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or) is a. For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 because.
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Squared deviations from the mean
Squared deviations from the mean (SDM) are involved in various calculations.
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Standard error
The standard error (SE) of a statistic (usually an estimate of a parameter) is the standard deviation of its sampling distribution or an estimate of that standard deviation.
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Standard score
In statistics, the standard score is the signed number of standard deviations by which the value of an observation or data point differs from the mean value of what is being observed or measured.
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Statistic
A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is a single measure of some attribute of a sample (e.g. its arithmetic mean value).
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Statistical dispersion
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed.
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Statistical population
In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
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Summation
In mathematics, summation (capital Greek sigma symbol: ∑) is the addition of a sequence of numbers; the result is their sum or total.
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Technical analysis
In finance, technical analysis is an analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume.
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Unbiased estimation of standard deviation
In statistics and in particular statistical theory, unbiased estimation of a standard deviation is the calculation from a statistical sample of an estimated value of the standard deviation (a measure of statistical dispersion) of a population of values, in such a way that the expected value of the calculation equals the true value.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Univariate
In mathematics, univariate refers to an expression, equation, function or polynomial of only one variable.
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Variance
In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean.
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Volatility (finance)
In finance, volatility (symbol σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time as measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns.
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Yamartino method
The Yamartino method is an algorithm for calculating an approximation of wind direction during a single pass through the incoming data.
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Z-test
A Z-test is any statistical test for which the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be approximated by a normal distribution.
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68–95–99.7 rule
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within a band around the mean in a normal distribution with a width of two, four and six standard deviations, respectively; more accurately, 68.27%, 95.45% and 99.73% of the values lie within one, two and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation
