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29 relations: Antarctica, Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria, Byzantine Empire, Chaka of Bulgaria, Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII), Emperor, George I of Bulgaria, Ivan II of Bulgaria, Joachim III of Bulgaria, John Van Antwerp Fine Jr., Kingdom of Serbia (medieval), List of Bulgarian monarchs, Marina Smilets of Bulgaria, Michael VIII Palaiologos, Nogai Khan, Sebastokrator, Serbian Empire, Smilets dynasty, Smilets Point, Smiltsena Palaiologina, Sredna Gora, Stefan Dečanski, Stefan Dušan, Teodora of Bulgaria, Queen of Serbia, Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria, Thrace, Tsar, University of Michigan Press.
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Balkan Mountains
The Balkan mountain range (Bulgarian and Стара планина, Latin Serbian Stara planina, "Old Mountain") is a mountain range in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Chaka of Bulgaria
Chaka (Чака) reigned as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1299 to 1300.
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Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)
Constantine Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Κωνσταντίνος Παλαιολόγος) (died 1271) was a Byzantine nobleman and the younger half-brother of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.
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Emperor
An emperor (through Old French empereor from Latin imperator) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm.
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George I of Bulgaria
George Terter I (Георги Тертер I), of the Terter dynasty ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria 1280–1292.
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Ivan II of Bulgaria
Ivan II (Иван II, or Йоан II, Ioan II, also styled inconsistently Ivan IV or Ioan IV), reigned as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1298 to 1299.
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Joachim III of Bulgaria
Joachim III (Йоаким III) was the Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church between c. 1282 and 1300, when the Second Bulgarian Empire reached its lowest point of decline during the reign of the emperors George Terter I, Smilets and Chaka.
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John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.
John V. A. Fine Jr. (born 1939) is an American historian and author.
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Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)
The Kingdom of Serbia (Краљевина Србија / Kraljevina Srbija), or Serbian Kingdom (Српско краљевство / Srpsko kraljevstvo), was a medieval Serbian state that existed from 1217 to 1346, ruled by the Nemanjić dynasty.
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List of Bulgarian monarchs
The monarchs of Bulgaria ruled the country during three periods of its history as an independent country: from the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 to the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria in 1018; from the Uprising of Asen and Peter that established the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185 to the annexation of the rump Bulgarian principality into the Ottoman Empire in 1422; and from the re-establishment of an independent Bulgaria in 1878 to the abolition of monarchy in a manipulated referendum held on 15 September 1946.
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Marina Smilets of Bulgaria
Marina Smilets (Марина Смилец, before 1292 – 7 April 1355) was the eldest daughter of tsar Smilets of Bulgaria and his Byzantine wife, tentatively called Smiltsena Palaiologina.
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Michael VIII Palaiologos
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Μιχαὴλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl VIII Palaiologos; 1223 – 11 December 1282) reigned as Byzantine Emperor 1259–1282.
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Nogai Khan
Nogai (died 1299/1300), also called Nohai, Nokhai, Nogay, Noqai, Kara Nokhai, and Isa Nogai, was a general and de facto ruler of the Golden Horde and a great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan.
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Sebastokrator
Sebastokrator (σεβαστοκράτωρ, sebastokrátor; Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: севастократор; both pronounced sevastokrator), was a senior court title in the late Byzantine Empire.
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Serbian Empire
The Serbian Empire (Српско царство/Srpsko carstvo) is a historiographical term for the empire in the Balkan peninsula that emerged from the medieval Serbian Kingdom.
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Smilets dynasty
Smilets dynasty was an imperial house of Bulgaria.
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Smilets Point
Smilets Point (нос Смилец, ‘Nos Smilets’ \'nos smi-'lets\) is the rocky point on the southwest side of the entrance to Hall Cove, projecting 500 m north-northwestwards from the northwest coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
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Smiltsena Palaiologina
Smiltsena (Смилцена) was the niece of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, and empress-consort (tsaritsa) of Tsar Smilets of Bulgaria.
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Sredna Gora
Sredna Gora (Средна гора) is a mountain range in central Bulgaria, situated south of and parallel to the Balkan mountain range (Stara Planina) and extending from the Iskar River to the west and the elbow of Tundzha north of Yambol to the east.
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Stefan Dečanski
Stefan Uroš III Nemanjić (Стефан Урош III Немањић), known as Stefan Dečanski ("Stefan of Dečani"; Стефан Дечански,; 1285 – 11 November 1331), was the King of Serbia from 6 January 1322 to 8 September 1331.
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Stefan Dušan
Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Стефан Урош IV Душан), known as Dušan the Mighty (Душан Силни/Dušan Silni; 1308 – 20 December 1355), was the King of Serbia from 8 September 1331 and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks from 16 April 1346 until his death.
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Teodora of Bulgaria, Queen of Serbia
Theodora of Bulgaria (Bulgarian and Теодора) was a Bulgarian princess and Queen consort of Serbia, the first wife of Stefan Uroš III Dečanski. She was the second daughter of Tsar Smilets of Bulgaria and Smiltsena Palaiologina. Teodora married Serbian crown prince (later king) Stefan Uroš III (called Dečanski) on 24 August 1296. They had two children: future Tsar (Emperor) Stefan Dušan and Dušica. In 1314 her husband's father Stefan Milutin quarreled with Stefan, and sent him to Constantinople to be blinded. Teodora and the family went with him and established a household there until 1320 when they were allowed to return. She was present at the state assembly of 6 January 1322, when her son Dušan was crowned Young king. In this period, Dečanski and Teodora were divorced. It is very likely that, between the death of Milutin (29 October 1321) and the crowning of Dušan, it was decided that Teodora be divorced from her husband due to the fact that Teodora's father's family had by then been expelled from Bulgaria, and Dečanski sought to empower himself by marrying into the Byzantine royal family. He then married Maria Palaiologina. It is still unknown when Teodora died. She was alive on 6 January 1322, and according to M. Vukićević and S. Ćosović died prior to January 1323. Historian Stojan Novaković earlier based the death in the winter of 1322–23 on the talks of Dečanski marrying Phillip of Tarento in the beginning of 1323. Other believe she lived longer, possibly marrying Jovan Dragoslav between 1322 and 1326. It is believed she was buried in the Banjska monastery.
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Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria
Theodore Svetoslav (Тодор Светослав, Todor Svetoslav and also Теодор Светослав, Teodor Svetoslav) ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1300 to 1322.
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Thrace
Thrace (Modern Θράκη, Thráki; Тракия, Trakiya; Trakya) is a geographical and historical area in southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east.
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Tsar
Tsar (Old Bulgarian / Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь or цар, цaрь), also spelled csar, or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe.
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University of Michigan Press
The University of Michigan Press is part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smilets_of_Bulgaria
