186 relations: Achieved status, Adultism, Age stratification, Ageism, Agrarian society, Angela Davis, Anthropologist, Ascribed status, Associated Press, Bank, Capital accumulation, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Capitalism, Caste, Civil and political rights, Classical liberalism, Collectivism, Communism, Conflict (process), Continuum (measurement), Cooperation, Credit, Cultural assimilation, Cycle of poverty, Dependent and independent variables, Developed country, Developing country, Development theory, Digital divide, Discrimination, Distribution (economics), Dominance hierarchy, Economic capital, Economic growth, Economic inequality, Economic liberalism, Economics, Education, Educational inequality, Ethics, Ethnic group, Exile, Fabian Society, Financial crisis, Financial services, First World, Food desert, Forbes, Free market, Fundamental human needs, ..., Gender, Gender & Society, Gender analysis, Gender expression, Gender inequality, Gender role, Gender variance, Gender violence, Genocide, Gini coefficient, Glass ceiling, Global financial system, Global issue, Global justice, Global recession, Globalization, Goods, Gross domestic product, Han dynasty, Health equity, HIV/AIDS, Horizontal inequality, Housing inequality, Human rights, Hypatia (journal), Ideology, Incarceration in the United States, Income, Income distribution, Individualism, Industrialisation, Innovation, International inequality, Joseph Stiglitz, Journal of Comparative Economics, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Judiciary, Karl Marx, Kinship, Laissez-faire, Legitimation, LGBT social movements, Liberal feminism, Libertarianism, Life chances, Life expectancy, List of countries by distribution of wealth, List of countries by income equality, List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI, Market (economics), Marxism, Masculinity, Max Weber, Means of production, Mediation (statistics), Medicare (Canada), Medicare (United States), Meritocracy, Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington, Middle class, Millennium Development Goals, Minority group, Neoliberalism, North–South divide, NPR, Oppression, Patriarchy, Population ageing, Poverty, Poverty in the United States, Power (social and political), Prejudice, Princeton University Press, Private property, Productivity, Public good, Quality of life, Quantile, Quantitative research, Race (human categorization), Race in the United States criminal justice system, Radical feminism, Radical History Review, Raewyn Connell, Rate of return, Research, Rights, Role theory, Senior management, Sex, Sexism, Sexual division of labour, Social apartheid, Social complexity, Social conflict, Social equality, Social exclusion, Social justice, Social mobility, Social norm, Social privilege, Social Science & Medicine, Social Security (United States), Social status, Social stratification, Socialism, Socioeconomic status, Sociology, Structural violence, Swing state, Tang dynasty, Tax evasion, The Guardian, The Rise of the Meritocracy, Theory & Society, Theory, Culture & Society, Third World, Transgender, Transport, Tribe, Tripartite System of education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Triple oppression, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, Universal health care, Upper class, Value theory, War on drugs, Wealth, Well-being, Western culture, Women's rights, Women's work, Working class, World War II, 3%. Expand index (136 more) »
Achieved status
Achieved status is a concept developed by the anthropologist Ralph Linton denoting a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen.
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Adultism
Adultism is "the power adults have over children".
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Age stratification
In critical sociology, age stratification refers to the hierarchical ranking of people into age groups within a society.
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Ageism
Ageism (also spelled "agism") is stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age.
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Agrarian society
An agrarian society (or agricultural society) is any society whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.
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Angela Davis
Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944) is an American political activist, academic, and author.
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Anthropologist
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.
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Ascribed status
Ascribed status is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life.
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
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Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.
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Capital accumulation
Capital accumulation (also termed the accumulation of capital) is the dynamic that motivates the pursuit of profit, involving the investment of money or any financial asset with the goal of increasing the initial monetary value of said asset as a financial return whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties or capital gains.
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Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Capital in the Twenty-First Century is a 2013 book by French economist Thomas Piketty.
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Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
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Caste
Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.
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Civil and political rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.
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Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism is a political ideology and a branch of liberalism which advocates civil liberties under the rule of law with an emphasis on economic freedom.
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Collectivism
Collectivism is a cultural value that is characterized by emphasis on cohesiveness among individuals and prioritization of the group over self.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Conflict (process)
Conflict refers to some form of friction, or discord arising within a group when the beliefs or actions of one or more members of the group are either resisted by or unacceptable to one or more members of another group.
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Continuum (measurement)
Continuum theories or models explain variation as involving gradual quantitative transitions without abrupt changes or discontinuities.
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Cooperation
Cooperation (sometimes written as co-operation) is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common, mutual, or some underlying benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit.
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Credit
Credit (from Latin credit, "(he/she/it) believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date.
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Cultural assimilation
Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble those of a dominant group.
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Cycle of poverty
In economics, the cycle of poverty is the "set of factors or events by which poverty, once started, is likely to continue unless there is outside intervention".
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Dependent and independent variables
In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences, the values of dependent variables depend on the values of independent variables.
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Developed country
A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
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Developing country
A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved.
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Digital divide
A digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).
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Discrimination
In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong.
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Distribution (economics)
In economics, distribution is the way total output, income, or wealth is distributed among individuals or among the factors of production (such as labour, land, and capital).
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Dominance hierarchy
Dominance hierarchy is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of a social group interact, often aggressively, to create a ranking system.
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Economic capital
In finance, mainly for financial services firms, economic capital is the amount of risk capital, assessed on a realistic basis, which a firm requires to cover the risks that it is running or collecting as a going concern, such as market risk, credit risk, legal risk, and operational risk.
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Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.
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Economic inequality
Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.
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Economic liberalism
Economic liberalism is an economic system organized on individual lines, which means the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals or households rather than by collective institutions or organizations.
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Economics
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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Education
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.
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Educational inequality
Educational inequality is the unequal distribution of academic resources, including but not limited to; school funding, qualified and experienced teachers, books, and technologies to socially excluded communities.
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Ethics
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.
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Exile
To be in exile means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state, or country), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return.
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Fabian Society
The Fabian Society is a British socialist organization whose purpose is to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow.
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Financial crisis
A financial crisis is any of a broad variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value.
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Financial services
Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises.
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First World
The concept of First World originated during the Cold War and included countries that were generally aligned with NATO and opposed to the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
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Food desert
A food desert is an area, especially one with low-income residents, that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.
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Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine.
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Free market
In economics, a free market is an idealized system in which the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers, in which the laws and forces of supply and demand are free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other authority.
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Fundamental human needs
Fundamental human needs and human-scale development, developed by Manfred Max-Neef and others (Antonio Elizalde and Martin Hopenhayn), are seen as ontological (stemming from the condition of being human), are few, finite and classifiable (as distinct from the conventional notion of conventional economic "wants" that are infinite and insatiable).
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Gender
Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity.
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Gender & Society
Gender & Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in the field of gender studies.
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Gender analysis
Gender analysis is a type of socio-economic analysis that uncovers how gender relations affect a development problem.
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Gender expression
Gender expression are the aspects of a person's behaviour, mannerisms, interests, and appearance that are associated with gender in a particular cultural context, specifically with the categories of femininity or masculinity.
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Gender inequality
Gender inequality is the idea and situation that women and men are not equal.
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Gender role
A gender role, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality.
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Gender variance
Gender variance, or gender nonconformity, is behavior or gender expression by an individual that does not match masculine and feminine gender norms.
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Gender violence
Gender violence, also known as gender-based violence or gender based violence, encompasses a large variety of crimes committed like rape, sexual harassment, stalking, human trafficking, domestic abuse, genital mutilation, and forced prostitution all based on ones gender.
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Genocide
Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part.
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Gini coefficient
In economics, the Gini coefficient (sometimes expressed as a Gini ratio or a normalized Gini index) is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measurement of inequality.
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Glass ceiling
A glass ceiling is a metaphor used to represent an invisible barrier that keeps a given demographic (typically applied to minorities) from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy.
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Global financial system
The global financial system is the worldwide framework of legal agreements, institutions, and both formal and informal economic actors that together facilitate international flows of financial capital for purposes of investment and trade financing.
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Global issue
Informally, a global issue is issue that any social, economic, political or environmental problem that adversely affects the global community and our environment, possibly in a catastrophic way.
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Global justice
Global justice is an issue in political philosophy arising from the concern about unfairness.
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Global recession
A global recession is recession that affects many countries around the world—that is, a period of global economic slowdown or declining economic output.
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Globalization
Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.
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Goods
In economics, goods are materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product.
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Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.
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Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.
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Health equity
Health equity refers to the study and causes of differences in the quality of health and healthcare across different populations.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Horizontal inequality
Horizontal inequality is the inequality—economical, social or other—that does not follow from a difference in an inherent quality such as intelligence, attractiveness or skills for people or profitability for corporations.
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Housing inequality
Housing inequality is a disparity in the quality of housing in a society which is a form of economic inequality.
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Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
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Hypatia (journal)
Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell.
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Ideology
An Ideology is a collection of normative beliefs and values that an individual or group holds for other than purely epistemic reasons.
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Incarceration in the United States
Incarceration in the United States is one of the main forms of punishment and rehabilitation for the commission of felony and other offenses.
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Income
Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.
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Income distribution
In economics, income distribution is how a nation’s total GDP is distributed amongst its population.
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Individualism
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual.
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Industrialisation
Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
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Innovation
Innovation can be defined simply as a "new idea, device or method".
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International inequality
International inequality refers to the idea of inequality between countries. This can be compared to global inequality which is inequality between people across countries.
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Joseph Stiglitz
Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University.
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Journal of Comparative Economics
The Journal of Comparative Economics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the Association for Comparative Economic Studies.
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Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
The Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health is a peer-reviewed public health journal that covers all aspects of epidemiology and public health.
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Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state.
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Karl Marx
Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.
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Kinship
In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.
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Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire (from) is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies.
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Legitimation
Legitimation or legitimisation is the act of providing legitimacy.
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LGBT social movements
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) social movements are social movements that advocate for LGBT+ people in society.
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Liberal feminism
Liberal feminism is an individualistic form of feminist theory, which focuses on women's ability to maintain their equality through their own actions and choices.
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Libertarianism
Libertarianism (from libertas, meaning "freedom") is a collection of political philosophies and movements that uphold liberty as a core principle.
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Life chances
Life chances (Lebenschancen in German) is a social science theory of the opportunities each individual has to improve their quality of life.
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Life expectancy
Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age and other demographic factors including gender.
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List of countries by distribution of wealth
This is a list of countries by distribution of wealth, including Gini coefficients.
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List of countries by income equality
This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients.
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List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI
This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2016 Human Development Report.
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Market (economics)
A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Masculinity
Masculinity (manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with boys and men.
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Max Weber
Maximilian Karl Emil "Max" Weber (21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist.
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Means of production
In economics and sociology, the means of production (also called capital goods) are physical non-human and non-financial inputs used in the production of economic value.
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Mediation (statistics)
In statistics, a mediation model is one that seeks to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as a mediator variable (also a mediating variable, intermediary variable, or intervening variable).
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Medicare (Canada)
Medicare (assurance-maladie) is an unofficial designation used to refer to the publicly funded, single-payer health care system of Canada.
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Medicare (United States)
In the United States, Medicare is a national health insurance program, now administered by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services of the U.S. federal government but begun in 1966 under the Social Security Administration.
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Meritocracy
Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος "strength, power") is a political philosophy which holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender or wealth.
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Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington
Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington (9 August 1915 – 14 January 2002) was a British sociologist, social activist and politician who coined the term "meritocracy".
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Middle class
The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy.
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Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
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Minority group
A minority group refers to a category of people differentiated from the social majority, those who hold on to major positions of social power in a society.
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Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism or neo-liberalism refers primarily to the 20th-century resurgence of 19th-century ideas associated with laissez-faire economic liberalism.
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North–South divide
The North–South divide is broadly considered a socio-economic and political divide.
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NPR
National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.
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Oppression
Oppression can refer to an authoritarian regime controlling its citizens via state control of politics, the monetary system, media, and the military; denying people any meaningful human or civil rights; and terrorizing the populace through harsh, unjust punishment, and a hidden network of obsequious informants reporting to a vicious secret police force.
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Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.
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Population ageing
Population ageing is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy.
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Poverty
Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain (variant) amount of material possessions or money.
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Poverty in the United States
Poverty is a state of deprivation, lacking the usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions.
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Power (social and political)
In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people.
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Prejudice
Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on that person's group membership.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Private property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.
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Productivity
Productivity describes various measures of the efficiency of production.
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Public good
In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.
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Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life.
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Quantile
In statistics and probability quantiles are cut points dividing the range of a probability distribution into contiguous intervals with equal probabilities, or dividing the observations in a sample in the same way.
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Quantitative research
In natural sciences and social sciences, quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
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Race (human categorization)
A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.
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Race in the United States criminal justice system
Race in the United States criminal justice system refers to the unique experiences and disparities in the United States in regard to the policing and prosecuting of various races.
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Radical feminism
Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts.
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Radical History Review
Radical History Review is a scholarly journal published by Duke University Press.
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Raewyn Connell
Raewyn Connell (born 3 January 1944) (also known as R.W. Connell, formerly Robert) is an Australian sociologist.
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Rate of return
In finance, return is a profit on an investment.
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Research
Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.
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Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.
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Role theory
Role theory is a perspective in sociology and in social psychology that considers most of everyday activity to be the acting out of socially defined categories (e.g., mother, manager, teacher).
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Senior management
Senior management, executive management, or a management team is generally a team of individuals at the highest level of management of an organization who have the day-to-day tasks of managing that organization — sometimes a company or a corporation.
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Sex
Organisms of many species are specialized into male and female varieties, each known as a sex. Sexual reproduction involves the combining and mixing of genetic traits: specialized cells known as gametes combine to form offspring that inherit traits from each parent.
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Sexism
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender.
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Sexual division of labour
The sexual division of labour (SDL) is the delegation of different tasks between males and females.
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Social apartheid
Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population.
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Social complexity
In sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society.
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Social conflict
Social conflict is the struggle for agency or power in society.
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Social equality
Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in certain respects, including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights and equal access to certain social goods and services.
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Social exclusion
Social exclusion, or social marginalization, is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.
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Social justice
Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society.
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Social mobility
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.
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Social norm
From a sociological perspective, social norms are informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society.
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Social privilege
In sociology, privilege is a concept used for certain rights or advantages that are available only to a particular person or group of people.
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Social Science & Medicine
Social Science & Medicine is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering social science research on health, including anthropology, economics, geography, psychology, social epidemiology, social policy, sociology, medicine and health care practice, policy, and organization.
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Social Security (United States)
In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration.
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Social status
Social status is the relative respect, competence, and deference accorded to people, groups, and organizations in a society.
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Social stratification
Social stratification is a kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political).
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.
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Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.
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Structural violence
Structural violence is a term commonly ascribed to Johan Galtung, which he introduced in the article "Violence, Peace, and Peace Research" (1969).
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Swing state
In American politics, the term swing state refers to any state that could reasonably be won by either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate.
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Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
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Tax evasion
Tax evasion is the illegal evasion of taxes by individuals, corporations, and trusts.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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The Rise of the Meritocracy
The Rise of the Meritocracy is a book by British sociologist and politician Michael Young which was first published in 1958.
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Theory & Society
Theory & Society is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering theoretical analyses of social processes and phenomena.
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Theory, Culture & Society
Theory, Culture & Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1982 and covers sociology, cultural, and social theory.
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Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc.
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Transgender
Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex.
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Transport
Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.
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Tribe
A tribe is viewed developmentally, economically and historically as a social group existing outside of or before the development of states.
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Tripartite System of education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
The Tripartite System was the arrangement of state-funded secondary education between 1945 and the 1970s in England and Wales, and from 1947 to 2009 in Northern Ireland.
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Triple oppression
Triple oppression is a theory developed by black socialists in the United States, such as Claudia Jones.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network.
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Universal health care
Universal health care (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, universal care, or socialized health care) is a health care system that provides health care and financial protection to all citizens of a particular country.
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Upper class
The upper class in modern societies is the social class composed of people who hold the highest social status, and usuall are also the wealthiest members of society, and also wield the greatest political power.
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Value theory
Value theory is a range of approaches to understanding how, why, and to what degree persons value things; whether the object or subject of valuing is a person, idea, object, or anything else.
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War on drugs
War on Drugs is an American term usually applied to the U.S. federal government's campaign of prohibition of drugs, military aid, and military intervention, with the stated aim being to reduce the illegal drug trade.
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Wealth
Wealth is the abundance of valuable resources or valuable material possessions.
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Well-being
Well-being, wellbeing, or wellness is a general term for the condition of an individual or group.
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Western culture
Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.
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Women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.
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Women's work
Women's work or woman's work is a term used to indicate work that is believed to be exclusively the domain of women and associates particular tasks with the female gender.
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Working class
The working class (also labouring class) are the people employed for wages, especially in manual-labour occupations and industrial work.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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3%
3% is a Brazilian dystopian thriller web television series created by Pedro Aguilera, starring João Miguel and Bianca Comparato.
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Redirects here:
Age inequality, Class inequality, Racial and ethnic inequality, Racial inequality, Social Inequality, Social inequalities, Social inequity.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_inequality