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Social stratification

Index Social stratification

Social stratification is a kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political). [1]

202 relations: Acephalous society, Achieved status, Action theory (sociology), Age stratification, Ageing, Ageism, Agriculture, Anthropology, Aristocracy, Arnhem Land, Ascribed status, Attitude (psychology), Bickerton Island, Bourgeoisie, C. Wright Mills, Capital (economics), Capitalism, Caste, Categorization, Causality, CBS, Clan, Class stratification, Communism, Conflict theories, Core countries, Covert racism, Cuisine, Cultural assimilation, Culture, David H. Turner, Davis–Moore hypothesis, Dependency theory, Descriptive statistics, Development theory, Dialect, Dialectic, Differentiation (sociology), Discrimination, Division of labour, Dominance hierarchy, Economic discrimination, Economic inequality, Economics, Education, Egalitarianism, Elite, Elite theory, Elitism, Employment, ..., Ethnic group, Excess supply, Exile, Explanatory power, Exploitation of labour, False consciousness, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Feudalism, Formal language, Friedrich Engels, Frontline (U.S. TV series), Functional prerequisites, Gaetano Mosca, Gender role, Genetics, Genocide, Geography, George W. Bush, Germany, Gift economy, Gini coefficient, Global labor arbitrage, Global workforce, Globalization, Groote Eylandt, Gross domestic product, Harvard University, Homelessness, Household, Human genome, Hunter-gatherer, Income, Indigenous Australians, Industrialisation, Institution, Institutional racism, Interdependence, International inequality, Internet, Jews, Job, John Kerry, Karl Marx, Khoisan, Kingsley Davis, Kinship, Labour power, Language, Latin, Level of analysis, Lewis H. Morgan, Life chances, List of Presidents of the United States, Lumpenproletariat, Marvin Harris, Marxism, Mathematical model, Matriarchy, Max Weber, Means of production, Mediation (statistics), Micro-inequity, Middle class, Minority group, Mode of production, Mythology, Nobility, Nuclear weapon, Open system (systems theory), Oppression, Ownership, Oxfam, Patriarchy, Peasant, Periphery countries, Petite bourgeoisie, Political system, Polycentric law, Power (social and political), Prejudice, Princeton University, Proletariat, Property, Qualitative research, Quantitative research, Race (human categorization), Ralf Dahrendorf, Reciprocal altruism, Relations of production, Religion, Religious stratification, Richard Borshay Lee, Rights, Role, Semi-periphery countries, Skill, Skull and Bones, Slavery, Social actions, Social change, Social class, Social complexity, Social contract, Social exchange theory, Social exclusion, Social group, Social inequality, Social mobility, Social norm, Social order, Social privilege, Social relation, Social science, Social status, Social structure, Socioeconomic status, Sociology, Standard of living, State (polity), Statistical weight, Structural functionalism, Structural inequality, Systems of social stratification, Talcott Parsons, Telecommunication, Telegraphy, The arts, The Power Elite, Third World, Three-component theory of stratification, Tim Ingold, Transport, Tribe, Underclass, United States Congress, Universal value, Untouchability, Upper class, Value theory, Vilfredo Pareto, Wage labour, War, Wealth, Well-being, Western culture, Wilbert E. Moore, Working class, World Bank, World economy, World view, World War II, Yale University. Expand index (152 more) »

Acephalous society

In anthropology, an acephalous society (from the Greek ἀκέφαλος "headless") is a society which lacks political leaders or hierarchies.

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Achieved status

Achieved status is a concept developed by the anthropologist Ralph Linton denoting a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen.

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Action theory (sociology)

In sociology, action theory is the theory of social action presented by the American theorist Talcott Parsons.

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Age stratification

In critical sociology, age stratification refers to the hierarchical ranking of people into age groups within a society.

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Ageing

Ageing or aging (see spelling differences) is the process of becoming older.

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Ageism

Ageism (also spelled "agism") is stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.

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Aristocracy

Aristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, from ἄριστος aristos "excellent", and κράτος kratos "power") is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.

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Arnhem Land

Arnhem Land is one of the five regions of the Northern Territory of Australia.

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Ascribed status

Ascribed status is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life.

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Attitude (psychology)

In psychology, attitude is a psychological construct, a mental and emotional entity that inheres in, or characterizes a person.

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Bickerton Island

Bickerton Island is 13 km west of Groote Eylandt and 8 km east of the mouth of Blue Mud Bay in eastern Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.

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C. Wright Mills

Charles Wright Mills (August 28, 1916 – March 20, 1962) was an American sociologist, and a professor of sociology at Columbia University from 1946 until his death in 1962.

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Capital (economics)

In economics, capital consists of an asset that can enhance one's power to perform economically useful work.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Caste

Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.

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Categorization

Categorization is the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood.

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Causality

Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.

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CBS

CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.

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Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

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Class stratification

Class stratification is a form of social stratification in which a society tends to divide into separate classes whose members have different access to resources and power.

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Conflict theories

Conflict theories are perspectives in sociology and social psychology that emphasize a materialist interpretation of history, dialectical method of analysis, a critical stance toward existing social arrangements, and political program of revolution or, at least, reform.

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Core countries

In world systems theory, the core countries are the industrialized capitalist countries on which periphery countries and semi-periphery countries depend.

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Covert racism

Covert racism is a form of racial discrimination that is disguised and subtle, rather than public or obvious.

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Cuisine

A cuisine is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region.

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Cultural assimilation

Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble those of a dominant group.

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Culture

Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.

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David H. Turner

David Howe Turner is a professor of Anthropology at the University of Toronto, and a Fellow at Trinity College and the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study.

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Davis–Moore hypothesis

The Davis–Moore hypothesis, sometimes referred to as the Davis–Moore theory, is a central claim within the structural functionalist paradigm of sociological theory, and was advanced by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert E. Moore in a paper published in 1945.

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Dependency theory

Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.

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Descriptive statistics

A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features of a collection of information, while descriptive statistics in the mass noun sense is the process of using and analyzing those statistics.

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Development theory

Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved.

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Dialect

The term dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word,, "discourse", from,, "through" and,, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.

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Dialectic

Dialectic or dialectics (διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

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Differentiation (sociology)

Differentiation is a term in system theory (found in sociology.) From the viewpoint of this theory, the principal feature of modern society is the increased process of system differentiation as a way of dealing with the complexity of its environment.

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Discrimination

In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong.

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Division of labour

The division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize.

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Dominance hierarchy

Dominance hierarchy is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of a social group interact, often aggressively, to create a ranking system.

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Economic discrimination

Economic discrimination is discrimination based on economic factors.

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Economic inequality

Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Egalitarianism

Egalitarianism – or equalitarianism – is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people.

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Elite

In political and sociological theory, the elite (French élite, from Latin eligere) are a small group of powerful people who hold a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a society.

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Elite theory

In political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relationships in contemporary society.

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Elitism

Elitism is the belief or attitude that individuals who form an elite — a select group of people with a certain ancestry, intrinsic quality, high intellect, wealth, special skills, or experience — are more likely to be constructive to society as a whole, and therefore deserve influence or authority greater than that of others.

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Employment

Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually based on a contract where work is paid for, where one party, which may be a corporation, for profit, not-for-profit organization, co-operative or other entity is the employer and the other is the employee.

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Ethnic group

An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.

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Excess supply

In economics, an excess supply or economic surplus is a situation in which the quantity of a good or service supplied is more than the quantity demanded, and the price is above the equilibrium level determined by supply and demand.

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Exile

To be in exile means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state, or country), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return.

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Explanatory power

Explanatory power is the ability of a hypothesis or theory to effectively explain the subject matter it pertains to.

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Exploitation of labour

Exploitation of labour is the act of treating one's workers unfairly for one's own benefit.

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False consciousness

False consciousness is a term used by sociologists and expounded by some Marxists for the way in which material, ideological, and institutional processes in capitalist society mislead members of the proletariat and other class actors.

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Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), formerly the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, and its principal federal law enforcement agency.

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Feudalism

Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries.

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Formal language

In mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language is a set of strings of symbols together with a set of rules that are specific to it.

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Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.;, sometimes anglicised Frederick Engels; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist and businessman.

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Frontline (U.S. TV series)

Frontline (styled by the program as FRONTLINE) is the flagship investigative journalism series of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), producing in-depth documentaries on a variety of domestic and international stories and issues, and broadcasting them on air and online.

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Functional prerequisites

In sociological research, functional prerequisites are the basic needs (food, shelter, clothing, and money) that an individual requires to live above the poverty line.

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Gaetano Mosca

Gaetano Mosca (1 April 1858 – 8 November 1941) was an Italian political scientist, journalist and public servant.

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Gender role

A gender role, also known as a sex role, is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Genocide

Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part.

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Geography

Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gift economy

A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards.

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Gini coefficient

In economics, the Gini coefficient (sometimes expressed as a Gini ratio or a normalized Gini index) is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measurement of inequality.

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Global labor arbitrage

Global labor arbitrage is an economic phenomenon where, as a result of the removal of or disintegration of barriers to international trade, jobs move to nations where labor and the cost of doing business (such as environmental regulations) is inexpensive and/or impoverished labor moves to nations with higher paying jobs.

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Global workforce

Global workforce refers to the international labor pool of workers, including those employed by multinational companies and connected through a global system of networking and production, immigrant workers, transient migrant workers, telecommuting workers, those in export-oriented employment, contingent work or other precarious employment.

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Globalization

Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.

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Groote Eylandt

Groote Eylandt is the largest island in the Gulf of Carpentaria and the fourth largest island in Australia.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Homelessness

Homelessness is the circumstance when people are without a permanent dwelling, such as a house or apartment.

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Household

A household consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people.

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Human genome

The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

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Income

Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.

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Indigenous Australians

Indigenous Australians are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Australia, descended from groups that existed in Australia and surrounding islands prior to British colonisation.

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Industrialisation

Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

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Institution

Institutions are "stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior".

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Institutional racism

Institutional racism (also known as institutionalized racism) is a form of racism expressed in the practice of social and political institutions.

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Interdependence

Interdependence is the mutual reliance between two or more groups.

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International inequality

International inequality refers to the idea of inequality between countries. This can be compared to global inequality which is inequality between people across countries.

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Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Job

A job, or occupation, is a person's role in society.

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John Kerry

John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017.

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Karl Marx

Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.

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Khoisan

Khoisan, or according to the contemporary Khoekhoegowab orthography Khoesān (pronounced), is an artificial catch-all name for the so-called "non-Bantu" indigenous peoples of Southern Africa, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly "Khoikhoi") and the Sān or Sākhoen (also, in Afrikaans: Boesmans, or in English: Bushmen, after Dutch Boschjesmens; and Saake in the Nǁng language).

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Kingsley Davis

Kingsley Davis (August 20, 1908 – February 27, 1997) was an internationally recognized American sociologist and demographer.

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Kinship

In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.

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Labour power

Labour power (in German: Arbeitskraft; in French: force de travail) is a key concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of capitalist political economy.

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Language

Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Level of analysis

The term "level of analysis" is used in the social sciences to point to the location, size, or scale of a research target.

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Lewis H. Morgan

Lewis Henry Morgan (November 21, 1818 – December 17, 1881) was a pioneering American anthropologist and social theorist who worked as a railroad lawyer.

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Life chances

Life chances (Lebenschancen in German) is a social science theory of the opportunities each individual has to improve their quality of life.

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List of Presidents of the United States

The President of the United States is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States.

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Lumpenproletariat

Lumpenproletariat is a term used primarily by Marxist theorists to describe the underclass devoid of class consciousness.

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Marvin Harris

Marvin Harris (August 18, 1927 – October 25, 2001) was an American anthropologist.

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Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Mathematical model

A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language.

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Matriarchy

Matriarchy is a social system in which females (most notably in mammals) hold the primary power positions in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property at the specific exclusion of males - at least to a large degree.

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Max Weber

Maximilian Karl Emil "Max" Weber (21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist.

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Means of production

In economics and sociology, the means of production (also called capital goods) are physical non-human and non-financial inputs used in the production of economic value.

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Mediation (statistics)

In statistics, a mediation model is one that seeks to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as a mediator variable (also a mediating variable, intermediary variable, or intervening variable).

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Micro-inequity

Micro-inequity is a theory that refers to hypothesized ways in which individuals are either singled out, overlooked, ignored, or otherwise discounted based on an unchangeable characteristic such as race or gender.

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Middle class

The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy.

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Minority group

A minority group refers to a category of people differentiated from the social majority, those who hold on to major positions of social power in a society.

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Mode of production

In the writings of Karl Marx and the Marxist theory of historical materialism, a mode of production (in German: Produktionsweise, meaning 'the way of producing') is a specific combination of.

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Mythology

Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths.

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Nobility

Nobility is a social class in aristocracy, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society and with membership thereof typically being hereditary.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).

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Open system (systems theory)

An open system is a system that has external interactions.

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Oppression

Oppression can refer to an authoritarian regime controlling its citizens via state control of politics, the monetary system, media, and the military; denying people any meaningful human or civil rights; and terrorizing the populace through harsh, unjust punishment, and a hidden network of obsequious informants reporting to a vicious secret police force.

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Ownership

Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be an object, land/real estate or intellectual property.

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Oxfam

Oxfam is a confederation of 20 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International.

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Patriarchy

Patriarchy is a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

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Peasant

A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or farmer, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees or services to a landlord.

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Periphery countries

In world systems theory, the periphery countries (sometimes referred to as just the periphery) are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries.

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Petite bourgeoisie

Petite bourgeoisie, also petty bourgeoisie (literally small bourgeoisie), is a French term (sometimes derogatory) referring to a social class comprising semi-autonomous peasantry and small-scale merchants whose politico-economic ideological stance in times of socioeconomic stability is determined by reflecting that of a haute ("high") bourgeoisie, with which the petite bourgeoisie seeks to identify itself and whose bourgeois morality it strives to imitate.

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Political system

A political system is a system of politics and government.

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Polycentric law

Polycentric law is a legal structure in which providers of legal systems compete or overlap in a given jurisdiction, as opposed to monopolistic statutory law according to which there is a sole provider of law for each jurisdiction.

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Power (social and political)

In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people.

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Prejudice

Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on that person's group membership.

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Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.

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Proletariat

The proletariat (from Latin proletarius "producing offspring") is the class of wage-earners in a capitalist society whose only possession of significant material value is their labour-power (their ability to work).

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Property

Property, in the abstract, is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing.

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Qualitative research

Qualitative research is a scientific method of observation to gather non-numerical data.

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Quantitative research

In natural sciences and social sciences, quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.

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Race (human categorization)

A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.

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Ralf Dahrendorf

Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf, (1 May 1929 – 17 June 2009) was a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and liberal politician.

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Reciprocal altruism

In evolutionary biology, reciprocal altruism is a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time.

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Relations of production

Relations of production (German: Produktionsverhältnisse) is a concept frequently used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their theory of historical materialism and in Das Kapital.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Religious stratification

Religious stratification is the division of a society into hierarchical layers on the premise of religious beliefs, affiliation, or faith practices.

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Richard Borshay Lee

Richard Borshay Lee (born 1937) is a Canadian anthropologist.

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Rights

Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.

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Role

A role (also rôle or social role) is a set of connected behaviors, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation.

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Semi-periphery countries

In world-systems theory, the semi-periphery countries (sometimes referred to as just the semi-periphery) are the industrializing, mostly capitalist countries which are positioned between the periphery and core countries.

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Skill

A skill is the ability to carry out a task with determined results often within a given amount of time, energy, or both.

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Skull and Bones

Skull and Bones is an undergraduate senior secret student society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Social actions

In sociology, social action, also known as "Weberian social action", refers to an act which takes into account the actions and reactions of individuals (or 'agents').

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Social change

Social change is an alteration in the social order of a society.

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Social class

A social class is a set of subjectively defined concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the upper, middle and lower classes.

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Social complexity

In sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society.

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Social contract

In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment.

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Social exchange theory

Social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties.

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Social exclusion

Social exclusion, or social marginalization, is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.

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Social group

In the social sciences, a social group has been defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.

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Social inequality

Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons.

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Social mobility

Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.

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Social norm

From a sociological perspective, social norms are informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society.

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Social order

The term social order can be used in two senses.

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Social privilege

In sociology, privilege is a concept used for certain rights or advantages that are available only to a particular person or group of people.

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Social relation

In social science, a social relation or social interaction is any relationship between two or more individuals.

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Social science

Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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Social status

Social status is the relative respect, competence, and deference accorded to people, groups, and organizations in a society.

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Social structure

In the social sciences, social structure is the patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of the individuals.

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Socioeconomic status

Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.

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Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.

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Standard of living

Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.

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State (polity)

A state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory.

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Statistical weight

In statistical mechanics, the statistical weight is the relative probability (possibly unnormalized) of a particular feature of a state.

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Structural functionalism

Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability".

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Structural inequality

Structural inequality is defined as a condition where one category of people are attributed an unequal status in relation to other categories of people.

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Systems of social stratification

Detailed anthropological and sociological studies have been made about customs of patrilineal inheritance, where only male children can inherit.

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Talcott Parsons

Talcott Parsons (December 13, 1902 – May 8, 1979) was an American sociologist of the classical tradition, best known for his social action theory and structural functionalism.

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Telecommunication

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

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Telegraphy

Telegraphy (from Greek: τῆλε têle, "at a distance" and γράφειν gráphein, "to write") is the long-distance transmission of textual or symbolic (as opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical exchange of an object bearing the message.

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The arts

The arts refers to the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures.

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The Power Elite

The Power Elite is a 1956 book by sociologist C. Wright Mills, in which Mills calls attention to the interwoven interests of the leaders of the military, corporate, and political elements of society and suggests that the ordinary citizen is a relatively powerless subject of manipulation by those entities.

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Third World

The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc.

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Three-component theory of stratification

The three-component theory of stratification, more widely known as Weberian stratification or the three class system, was developed by German sociologist Max Weber with class, status and power as distinct ideal types.

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Tim Ingold

Timothy Ingold, FBA, FRSE (born 1 November 1948), Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014 is a British anthropologist, and Chair of Social Anthropology at the University of Aberdeen.

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Transport

Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.

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Tribe

A tribe is viewed developmentally, economically and historically as a social group existing outside of or before the development of states.

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Underclass

The underclass is the segment of the population that occupies the lowest possible position in a class hierarchy, below the core body of the working class.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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Universal value

A value is a universal value if it has the same value or worth for all, or almost all, people.

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Untouchability

Untouchability is the practice of ostracising a group by segregating them from the mainstream by social custom or legal mandate.

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Upper class

The upper class in modern societies is the social class composed of people who hold the highest social status, and usuall are also the wealthiest members of society, and also wield the greatest political power.

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Value theory

Value theory is a range of approaches to understanding how, why, and to what degree persons value things; whether the object or subject of valuing is a person, idea, object, or anything else.

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Vilfredo Pareto

Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (born Wilfried Fritz Pareto, 15 July 1848 – 19 August 1923) was an Italian engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist, and philosopher, now also known for the 80/20 rule, named after him as the Pareto principle.

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Wage labour

Wage labour (also wage labor in American English) is the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer, where the worker sells his or her labour under a formal or informal employment contract.

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War

War is a state of armed conflict between states, societies and informal groups, such as insurgents and militias.

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Wealth

Wealth is the abundance of valuable resources or valuable material possessions.

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Well-being

Well-being, wellbeing, or wellness is a general term for the condition of an individual or group.

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Western culture

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

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Wilbert E. Moore

Wilbert E. Moore (26 October 1914 – 29 December 1987) was an American sociologist noted, with Kingsley Davis, for their explanation and justification for social stratification, based their idea of "functional necessity." Moore took his Ph.D. at Harvard University's Department of Sociology in 1940.

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Working class

The working class (also labouring class) are the people employed for wages, especially in manual-labour occupations and industrial work.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World economy

The world economy or global economy is the economy of the world, considered as the international exchange of goods and services that is expressed in monetary units of account (money).

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World view

A world view or worldview is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge and point of view.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yale University

Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Class division, Ethnic stratification, Global stratification, Racial stratification, Social Stratification, Social hierarchies, Social hierarchy, Social standing, Social strata, Social stratum, Stratified society, Theory of stratification.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification

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