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Sonar

Index Sonar

Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 223 relations: Absolute threshold, Absorption (acoustics), Acoustic location, Acoustic mine, Acoustic torpedo, Admiralty (United Kingdom), Albert Beaumont Wood, Alexander Behm, Alperm, Alternating current, Ambient noise level, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Amorphous metal, AN/AQS-13, AN/AQS-20A, AN/SLQ-25 Nixie, Analog signal, Anechoic tile, Animal echolocation, Argo (oceanography), Array gain, AT&T, Autonomous underwater vehicle, Baleen whale, Barium titanate, Bat, Bathymetry, Beaked whale, Beamforming, Bearing (navigation), Bell Labs, Bistatic radar, Bistatic sonar, Blue whale, Board of Invention and Research, Bold (decoy), Boston, Bulk modulus, Carbon microphone, Casa Loma, Cast iron, Castor oil, Cavitation, Chirp, Clearance diver, Climate of Titan, Code name, Computer, Convection, Database, ... Expand index (173 more) »

  2. Submarine warfare

Absolute threshold

In neuroscience and psychophysics, an absolute threshold was originally defined as the lowest level of a stimulus – light, sound, touch, etc.

See Sonar and Absolute threshold

Absorption (acoustics)

In acoustics, absorption refers to the process by which a material, structure, or object takes in sound energy when sound waves are encountered, as opposed to reflecting the energy.

See Sonar and Absorption (acoustics)

Acoustic location

Acoustic location is a method of determining the position of an object or sound source by using sound waves.

See Sonar and Acoustic location

Acoustic mine

An acoustic mine is a type of naval mine which monitors audio activity in its vicinity.

See Sonar and Acoustic mine

Acoustic torpedo

An acoustic torpedo is a torpedo that aims itself by listening for characteristic sounds of its target or by searching for it using sonar (acoustic homing).

See Sonar and Acoustic torpedo

Admiralty (United Kingdom)

The Admiralty was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy until 1964, historically under its titular head, the Lord High Admiral – one of the Great Officers of State.

See Sonar and Admiralty (United Kingdom)

Albert Beaumont Wood

Albert Beaumont Wood DSc (1890 – 19 July 1964), better known as A B Wood, was a British physicist, known for his pioneering work in the field of underwater acoustics and sonar.

See Sonar and Albert Beaumont Wood

Alexander Behm

Alexander Behm (11 November 1880, in Sternberg (Mecklenburg) – 22 January 1952, in Tarp (Schleswig-Flensburg)) was a German physicist who developed working ocean echo sounder in Germany at the same time Reginald Fessenden was doing so in North America.

See Sonar and Alexander Behm

Alperm

Alperm (also alfenol or alfer) is a class of alloys comprising 83-90% of iron and 10-17% of aluminium.

See Sonar and Alperm

Alternating current

Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction.

See Sonar and Alternating current

Ambient noise level

In atmospheric sounding and noise pollution, ambient noise level (sometimes called background noise level, reference sound level, or room noise level) is the background sound pressure level at a given location, normally specified as a reference level to study a new intrusive sound source.

See Sonar and Ambient noise level

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), also known as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (NH4)(H2PO4).

See Sonar and Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

Amorphous metal

An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass, glassy metal, or shiny metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomic-scale structure.

See Sonar and Amorphous metal

AN/AQS-13

The AN/AQS-13 series was a helicopter dipping sonar system for the United States Navy. Sonar and AN/AQS-13 are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and AN/AQS-13

AN/AQS-20A

The AQS-20A is a sonar mine countermeasure detection system, developed by Raytheon.

See Sonar and AN/AQS-20A

AN/SLQ-25 Nixie

The AN/SLQ-25 Nixie and its variants are towed torpedo decoys used on US and allied warships. Sonar and AN/SLQ-25 Nixie are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and AN/SLQ-25 Nixie

Analog signal

An analog signal is any continuous-time signal representing some other quantity, i.e., analogous to another quantity.

See Sonar and Analog signal

Anechoic tile

Anechoic tiles are rubber or synthetic polymer tiles containing thousands of tiny voids, applied to the outer hulls of military ships and submarines, as well as anechoic chambers.

See Sonar and Anechoic tile

Animal echolocation

Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is a biological active sonar used by several animal groups, both in the air and underwater.

See Sonar and Animal echolocation

Argo (oceanography)

Argo is an international programme for researching the ocean.

See Sonar and Argo (oceanography)

Array gain

In array antenna systems, array gain is the measure of the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved by the array.

See Sonar and Array gain

AT&T

AT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas.

See Sonar and AT&T

Autonomous underwater vehicle

An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a robot that travels underwater without requiring continuous input from an operator.

See Sonar and Autonomous underwater vehicle

Baleen whale

Baleen whales, also known as whalebone whales, are marine mammals of the parvorder Mysticeti in the infraorder Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises), which use keratinaceous baleen plates (or "whalebone") in their mouths to sieve planktonic creatures from the water.

See Sonar and Baleen whale

Barium titanate

Barium titanate (BTO) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula BaTiO3.

See Sonar and Barium titanate

Bat

Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera.

See Sonar and Bat

Bathymetry

Bathymetry is the study of underwater depth of ocean floors (seabed topography), lake floors, or river floors.

See Sonar and Bathymetry

Beaked whale

Beaked whales (systematic name Ziphiidae) are a family of cetaceans noted as being one of the least-known groups of mammals because of their deep-sea habitat, reclusive behavior and apparent low abundance.

See Sonar and Beaked whale

Beamforming

Beamforming or spatial filtering is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception.

See Sonar and Beamforming

Bearing (navigation)

In navigation, bearing or azimuth is the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and north or another object.

See Sonar and Bearing (navigation)

Bell Labs

Bell Labs is an American industrial research and scientific development company credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages B, C, C++, S, SNOBOL, AWK, AMPL, and others.

See Sonar and Bell Labs

Bistatic radar

Bistatic radar is a radar system comprising a transmitter and receiver that are separated by a distance comparable to the expected target distance.

See Sonar and Bistatic radar

Bistatic sonar

Bistatic sonar is a sonar configuration in which transmitter and receiver are separated by a distance large enough to be comparable to the distance to the target.

See Sonar and Bistatic sonar

Blue whale

The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal and a baleen whale.

See Sonar and Blue whale

Board of Invention and Research

The Board of Invention and Research (BIR) was a British expert-level committee, initiated by the Admiralty of the Royal Navy.

See Sonar and Board of Invention and Research

Bold (decoy)

Bold (also called Bolde, a term derived from kobold) was a German sonar decoy, used by U-boats during the Second World War from 1942 onwards.

See Sonar and Bold (decoy)

Boston

Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

See Sonar and Boston

Bulk modulus

The bulk modulus (K or B or k) of a substance is a measure of the resistance of a substance to bulk compression.

See Sonar and Bulk modulus

Carbon microphone

The carbon microphone, also known as carbon button microphone, button microphone, or carbon transmitter, is a type of microphone, a transducer that converts sound to an electrical audio signal. Sonar and carbon microphone are British inventions.

See Sonar and Carbon microphone

Casa Loma

Casa Loma (Spanish for "Hill House") is a Gothic Revival castle-style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark.

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Cast iron

Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content of more than 2% and silicon content around 1–3%.

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Castor oil

Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans.

See Sonar and Castor oil

Cavitation

Cavitation in fluid mechanics and engineering normally refers to the phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid.

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Chirp

A chirp is a signal in which the frequency increases (up-chirp) or decreases (down-chirp) with time.

See Sonar and Chirp

Clearance diver

A clearance diver was originally a specialist naval diver who used explosives underwater to remove obstructions to make harbours and shipping channels safe to navigate, but the term "clearance diver" was later used to include other naval underwater work.

See Sonar and Clearance diver

Climate of Titan

The climate of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is similar in many respects to that of Earth, despite having a far lower surface temperature.

See Sonar and Climate of Titan

Code name

A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person.

See Sonar and Code name

Computer

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation).

See Sonar and Computer

Convection

Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy).

See Sonar and Convection

Database

In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data.

See Sonar and Database

Decompression sickness

Decompression sickness (DCS; also called divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, and caisson disease) is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during decompression.

See Sonar and Decompression sickness

Deep sea

The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes.

See Sonar and Deep sea

Density

Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.

See Sonar and Density

Depth charge

A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon designed to destroy submarines by detonating in the water near the target and subjecting it to a destructive hydraulic shock. Sonar and depth charge are anti-submarine warfare and British inventions.

See Sonar and Depth charge

Digital data

Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is information represented as a string of discrete symbols, each of which can take on one of only a finite number of values from some alphabet, such as letters or digits.

See Sonar and Digital data

Dolphin

A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti (toothed whale).

See Sonar and Dolphin

Doppler effect

The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave.

See Sonar and Doppler effect

Echo

In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound.

See Sonar and Echo

Echo sounding

Echo sounding or depth sounding is the use of sonar for ranging, normally to determine the depth of water (bathymetry).

See Sonar and Echo sounding

Eddy current

In electromagnetism, an eddy current (also called Foucault's current) is a loop of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction or by the relative motion of a conductor in a magnetic field.

See Sonar and Eddy current

Effervescence

Effervescence is the escape of gas from an aqueous solution and the foaming or fizzing that results from that release.

See Sonar and Effervescence

Electric battery

An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices.

See Sonar and Electric battery

Electric generator

In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit.

See Sonar and Electric generator

Electronics

Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles.

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Electrostatics

Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges.

See Sonar and Electrostatics

Empirical evidence

Empirical evidence for a proposition is evidence, i.e. what supports or counters this proposition, that is constituted by or accessible to sense experience or experimental procedure.

See Sonar and Empirical evidence

Ferrite (magnet)

A ferrite is one of a family of iron oxide-containing magnetic ceramic materials.

See Sonar and Ferrite (magnet)

Fessenden oscillator

A Fessenden oscillator is an electro-acoustic transducer invented by Reginald Fessenden, with development starting in 1912 at the Submarine Signal Company of Boston.

See Sonar and Fessenden oscillator

Figure of merit

A figure of merit (FOM) is a performance metric that characterizes the performance of a device, system, or method, relative to its alternatives.

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Fishfinder

A fishfinder or sounder (Australia) is an instrument used to locate fish underwater by detecting reflected pulses of sound energy, as in sonar.

See Sonar and Fishfinder

Fishing

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.

See Sonar and Fishing

Fitness (biology)

Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success.

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Flotilla

A flotilla (from Spanish, meaning a small flota (fleet) of ships), or naval flotilla, is a formation of small warships that may be part of a larger fleet.

See Sonar and Flotilla

Fourier transform

In physics, engineering and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is an integral transform that takes a function as input and outputs another function that describes the extent to which various frequencies are present in the original function.

See Sonar and Fourier transform

Frederic John Walker

Captain Frederic John Walker, (3 June 1896 – 9 July 1944) (his first name is given as Frederick in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and some London Gazette entries) was a British Royal Navy officer noted for his exploits during the Second World War. Sonar and Frederic John Walker are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and Frederic John Walker

Frederick Vinton Hunt

Frederick Vinton Hunt (February 15, 1905 – April 21, 1972) was an inventor, a scientist and a professor at Harvard University who worked in the field of acoustic engineering.

See Sonar and Frederick Vinton Hunt

Freight transport

Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo.

See Sonar and Freight transport

Frequency

Frequency (symbol f), most often measured in hertz (symbol: Hz), is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.

See Sonar and Frequency

Fresh water

Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.

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Frogman

A frogman is someone who is trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater in a tactical capacity that includes military, and in some European countries, police work.

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Fuel cell

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions.

See Sonar and Fuel cell

G7es torpedo

The G7es (T5) "Zaunkönig" ("wren") was a passive acoustic torpedo employed by German U-boats during World War II.

See Sonar and G7es torpedo

Galfenol

In materials science, galfenol is the general term for an alloy of iron and gallium.

See Sonar and Galfenol

Grand Banks of Newfoundland

The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a series of underwater plateaus south-east of the island of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf.

See Sonar and Grand Banks of Newfoundland

Haptic technology

Haptic technology (also kinaesthetic communication or 3D touch) is technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user.

See Sonar and Haptic technology

Hedgehog (weapon)

The Hedgehog (also known as an Anti-Submarine Projector) was a forward-throwing anti-submarine weapon that was used primarily during the Second World War. Sonar and Hedgehog (weapon) are British inventions.

See Sonar and Hedgehog (weapon)

Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

See Sonar and Hertz

High tech

High technology (high tech or high-tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available.

See Sonar and High tech

Hull (watercraft)

A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat.

See Sonar and Hull (watercraft)

Hydrophone

A hydrophone (water + sound) is a microphone designed to be used underwater for recording or listening to underwater sound.

See Sonar and Hydrophone

Imperial Japanese Navy

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun, 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War II.

See Sonar and Imperial Japanese Navy

Infographic

Infographics (a clipped compound of "information" and "graphics") are graphic visual representations of information, data, or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly.

See Sonar and Infographic

Infrasound

Infrasound, sometimes referred to as low frequency sound, describes sound waves with a frequency below the lower limit of human audibility (generally 20 Hz, as defined by the ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013 standard).

See Sonar and Infrasound

Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)

The Intellectual Property Office of the United Kingdom (often referred to as the UK IPO) is, since 2 April 2007, the operating name of The Patent Office.

See Sonar and Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)

Inverse-square law

In science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity.

See Sonar and Inverse-square law

Irish Sea

The Irish Sea is a body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.

See Sonar and Irish Sea

Isle of Portland

The Isle of Portland is a tied island, long by wide, in the English Channel.

See Sonar and Isle of Portland

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of acoustics.

See Sonar and Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Lakes of Titan

Lakes of liquid ethane and methane exist on the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon.

See Sonar and Lakes of Titan

Lead magnesium niobate

Lead magnesium niobate is a relaxor ferroelectric.

See Sonar and Lead magnesium niobate

Lead zirconate titanate

Lead zirconate titanate, also called lead zirconium titanate and commonly abbreviated as PZT, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.

See Sonar and Lead zirconate titanate

Length measurement

Length measurement, distance measurement, or range measurement (ranging) refers to the many ways in which length, distance, or range can be measured.

See Sonar and Length measurement

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.

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Lewis Fry Richardson

Lewis Fry Richardson, FRS (11 October 1881 – 30 September 1953) was an English mathematician, physicist, meteorologist, psychologist, and pacifist who pioneered modern mathematical techniques of weather forecasting, and the application of similar techniques to studying the causes of wars and how to prevent them.

See Sonar and Lewis Fry Richardson

Lighthouse

A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of physical structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and to serve as a beacon for navigational aid, for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways.

See Sonar and Lighthouse

Lightship

A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship that acts as a lighthouse.

See Sonar and Lightship

Limpet mine

A limpet mine is a type of naval mine attached to a target by magnets.

See Sonar and Limpet mine

London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

See Sonar and London

Long baseline acoustic positioning system

A long baseline (LBL) acoustic positioning system is one of three broad classes of underwater acoustic positioning systems that are used to track underwater vehicles and divers.

See Sonar and Long baseline acoustic positioning system

Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System

The AN/BLQ-11 autonomous unmanned undersea vehicle (formerly the Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS)) is a torpedo tube-launched and tube-recovered underwater search and survey unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) capable of performing autonomous minefield reconnaissance as much as in advance of a host -, -, or -class submarine.

See Sonar and Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System

Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder

Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder and Low Frequency Analysis and Recording (LOFAR) are the equipment and process respectively for presenting a visual spectrum representation of low frequency sounds in a time–frequency analysis. Sonar and low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder

Magnetostriction

Magnetostriction is a property of magnetic materials that causes them to change their shape or dimensions during the process of magnetization.

See Sonar and Magnetostriction

Marine mammal

Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence.

See Sonar and Marine mammal

Mark 37 torpedo

The Mark 37 torpedo is a torpedo with electrical propulsion, developed for the US Navy after World War II.

See Sonar and Mark 37 torpedo

Mark 60 CAPTOR

The Mark 60 CAPTOR (Encapsulated Torpedo) is the United States' only deep-water anti-submarine naval mine.

See Sonar and Mark 60 CAPTOR

Mass

Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.

See Sonar and Mass

Mobile submarine simulator

The mobile submarine simulator (MOSS) MK70 is a sonar decoy used by submarines of the United States Navy.

See Sonar and Mobile submarine simulator

Montreal

Montreal is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest in Canada, and the tenth-largest in North America.

See Sonar and Montreal

Morse code

Morse code is a telecommunications method which encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs.

See Sonar and Morse code

Multibeam echosounder

A multibeam echosounder (MBES) is a type of sonar that is used to map the seabed.

See Sonar and Multibeam echosounder

Multistatic radar

A multistatic radar system contains multiple spatially diverse monostatic radar or bistatic radar components with a shared area of coverage.

See Sonar and Multistatic radar

Nahant, Massachusetts

Nahant is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States.

See Sonar and Nahant, Massachusetts

A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines. Sonar and naval mine are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and Naval mine

The Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) is the United States Navy's full-spectrum research, development, test and evaluation, engineering and fleet support center for submarines, autonomous underwater systems, and offensive and defensive weapons systems associated with undersea warfare.

See Sonar and Naval Undersea Warfare Center

Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

See Sonar and Naval warfare

Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.

See Sonar and Navigation

Newfoundland (island)

Newfoundland (Terre-Neuve) is a large island within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

See Sonar and Newfoundland (island)

Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.

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Nuclear submarine

A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor, but not necessarily nuclear-armed.

See Sonar and Nuclear submarine

Ogg

Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.

See Sonar and Ogg

Order of magnitude

An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.

See Sonar and Oxford English Dictionary

Parametric array

A parametric array, in the field of acoustics, is a nonlinear transduction mechanism that generates narrow, nearly side lobe-free beams of low frequency sound, through the mixing and interaction of high frequency sound waves, effectively overcoming the diffraction limit (a kind of spatial 'uncertainty principle') associated with linear acoustics.

See Sonar and Parametric array

Passive acoustics

Passive acoustics is the action of listening for sounds, often at specific frequencies or for purposes of specific analyses.

See Sonar and Passive acoustics

Passive radar

Passive radar (also referred to as parasitic radar, passive coherent location, passive surveillance, and passive covert radar) is a class of radar systems that detect and track objects by processing reflections from non-cooperative sources of illumination in the environment, such as commercial broadcast and communications signals.

See Sonar and Passive radar

Patent

A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention.

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Paul Langevin

Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation.

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Piezoelectricity

Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials—such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA, and various proteins—in response to applied mechanical stress.

See Sonar and Piezoelectricity

Plan position indicator

A plan position indicator (PPI) is a type of radar display that represents the radar antenna in the center of the display, with the distance from it and height above ground drawn as concentric circles.

See Sonar and Plan position indicator

Potassium sodium tartrate

Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.

See Sonar and Potassium sodium tartrate

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

See Sonar and Pressure

Prestressed concrete

Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction.

See Sonar and Prestressed concrete

Proceedings of the Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society.

See Sonar and Proceedings of the Royal Society

Project Artemis

Project Artemis was a United States Navy acoustics research and development experiment from the late 1950s into the mid 1960s to test a potential low-frequency active sonar system for ocean surveillance.

See Sonar and Project Artemis

Propagation loss

In underwater acoustics, propagation loss is a measure of the reduction in sound intensity as the sound propagates away from an underwater sound source.

See Sonar and Propagation loss

Propeller

A propeller (colloquially often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working fluid such as water or air.

See Sonar and Propeller

Pulse (signal processing)

A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.

See Sonar and Pulse (signal processing)

Pulse compression

Pulse compression is a signal processing technique commonly used by radar, sonar and echography to either increase the range resolution when pulse length is constrained or increase the signal to noise ratio when the peak power and the bandwidth (or equivalently range resolution) of the transmitted signal are constrained.

See Sonar and Pulse compression

Quartz

Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).

See Sonar and Quartz

Radar

Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (ranging), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site.

See Sonar and Radar

Rare-earth element

The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths or, in context, rare-earth oxides, and sometimes the lanthanides (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals.

See Sonar and Rare-earth element

Raymarine Marine Electronics

Raymarine is a manufacturer and major supplier of electronic equipment for marine use.

See Sonar and Raymarine Marine Electronics

Reflection (physics)

Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.

See Sonar and Reflection (physics)

Refraction

In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another.

See Sonar and Refraction

Reginald Fessenden

Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born American inventor who received hundreds of patents in various fields, most notably ones related to radio and sonar.

See Sonar and Reginald Fessenden

Remotely operated underwater vehicle

A remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV) or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is a free-swimming submersible craft used to perform underwater observation, inspection and physical tasks such as valve operations, hydraulic functions and other general tasks within the subsea oil and gas industry, military, scientific and other applications.

See Sonar and Remotely operated underwater vehicle

Reverberation

Reverberation (commonly shortened to reverb), in acoustics, is a persistence of sound after it is produced.

See Sonar and Reverberation

RNAS Portland (HMS Osprey)

RNAS Portland (ICAO: EGDP) was an air station of the Royal Navy, situated at the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England.

See Sonar and RNAS Portland (HMS Osprey)

Robert William Boyle

Robert William Boyle (October 2, 1883 – April 18, 1955) was a physicist and one of the most important early pioneers in the development of sonar.

See Sonar and Robert William Boyle

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

See Sonar and Royal Navy

Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).

See Sonar and Salinity

Scattering

In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass.

See Sonar and Scattering

Scuba diving

Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving whereby divers use breathing equipment that is completely independent of a surface breathing gas supply, and therefore has a limited but variable endurance.

See Sonar and Scuba diving

Sea ice

Sea ice arises as seawater freezes.

See Sonar and Sea ice

Seawater

Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean.

See Sonar and Seawater

Shoaling and schooling

In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling.

See Sonar and Shoaling and schooling

Shrew

Shrews (family Soricidae) are small mole-like mammals classified in the order Eulipotyphla.

See Sonar and Shrew

Side-scan sonar

Side-scan sonar (also sometimes called side scan sonar, sidescan sonar, side imaging sonar, side-imaging sonar and bottom classification sonar) is a category of sonar system that is used to efficiently create an image of large areas of the sea floor.

See Sonar and Side-scan sonar

Snell's law

Snell's law (also known as the Snell–Descartes law, the ibn-Sahl law, and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.

See Sonar and Snell's law

Sodar

Sodar, an acronym of sonic detection and ranging, is a meteorological instrument used as a wind profiler based on the scattering of sound waves by atmospheric turbulence.

See Sonar and Sodar

SOFAR channel

The SOFAR channel (short for sound fixing and ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is at its minimum. Sonar and SOFAR channel are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and SOFAR channel

Sonar

Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels. Sonar and Sonar are 20th-century inventions, anti-submarine warfare, British inventions, French inventions and submarine warfare.

See Sonar and Sonar

Sonar 2087

Sonar 2087 (sometimes shortened to S2087, part of an overall sonar product CAPTAS-4) is a towed array sonar designed and manufactured by Thales Underwater Systems at sites in the UK (Crawley in West Sussex, Cheadle Heath in Stockport, Templecombe in Somerset) and in France (Brest). Sonar and sonar 2087 are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and Sonar 2087

Sonar signal processing

Sonar systems are generally used underwater for range finding and detection.

See Sonar and Sonar signal processing

Sonobuoy

A sonobuoy (a portmanteau of sonar and buoy) is a small expendable sonar buoy dropped from aircraft or ships for anti-submarine warfare or underwater acoustic research. Sonar and sonobuoy are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and Sonobuoy

SOSUS

Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) was the original name for a submarine detection system based on passive sonar developed by the United States Navy to track Soviet submarines. Sonar and SOSUS are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and SOSUS

Sound

In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.

See Sonar and Sound

Southern California Bight

The Southern California Bight is a 692-kilometer-long (430 mi) stretch of curved coastline that runs along the west coast of the United States and Mexico, from Point Conception in California to Punta Colonet in Baja California, plus the area of the Pacific Ocean defined by that curve.

See Sonar and Southern California Bight

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Sonar and Soviet Union

Spectral density

In signal processing, the power spectrum S_(f) of a continuous time signal x(t) describes the distribution of power into frequency components f composing that signal.

See Sonar and Spectral density

Spectrogram

A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time.

See Sonar and Spectrogram

Spectrum (physical sciences)

In the physical sciences, the term spectrum was introduced first into optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century, referring to the range of colors observed when white light was dispersed through a prism.

See Sonar and Spectrum (physical sciences)

Speed of sound

The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium.

See Sonar and Speed of sound

Sphere

A sphere (from Greek) is a geometrical object that is a three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle.

See Sonar and Sphere

Squid (weapon)

Squid was a British World War II ship-mounted anti-submarine weapon.

See Sonar and Squid (weapon)

SSTD

The United Kingdom Surface Ship Torpedo Defence (SSTD) system entered into service with the Royal Navy in 2004.

See Sonar and SSTD

Submarine

A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

See Sonar and Submarine

Submarine navigation

Submarine navigation underwater requires special skills and technologies not needed by surface ships.

See Sonar and Submarine navigation

Submarine signals

Submarine signals had a specific, even proprietary, meaning in the early 20th century.

See Sonar and Submarine signals

Submarine warfare

Submarine warfare is one of the four divisions of underwater warfare, the others being anti-submarine warfare, mine warfare and mine countermeasures.

See Sonar and Submarine warfare

Sustainability

Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long time.

See Sonar and Sustainability

Swim bladder

The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth without having to expend energy in swimming.

See Sonar and Swim bladder

Synthetic-aperture sonar

Synthetic-aperture sonar (SAS) is a form of sonar in which sophisticated post-processing of sonar data is used in ways closely analogous to synthetic-aperture radar.

See Sonar and Synthetic-aperture sonar

Target strength

The target strength or acoustic size is a measure of the area of a sonar target.

See Sonar and Target strength

Terfenol-D

Terfenol-D, an alloy of the formula (x ≈ 0.3), is a magnetostrictive material.

See Sonar and Terfenol-D

Thales Underwater Systems

Thales Underwater Systems or TUS (formerly Thomson Sintra ASM, Thomson CSF DASM and then Thomson Marconi Sonar) is a subsidiary of the French defense electronics specialist Thales Group.

See Sonar and Thales Underwater Systems

The World's Work

The World's Work (1900–1932) was a monthly magazine that covered national affairs from a pro-business point of view.

See Sonar and The World's Work

Thermocline

A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a distinct layer based on temperature within a large body of fluid (e.g. water, as in an ocean or lake; or air, e.g. an atmosphere) with a high gradient of distinct temperature differences associated with depth. Sonar and thermocline are anti-submarine warfare.

See Sonar and Thermocline

Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

See Sonar and Time (magazine)

Time–frequency analysis

In signal processing, time–frequency analysis comprises those techniques that study a signal in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously, using various time–frequency representations.

See Sonar and Time–frequency analysis

Titan (moon)

Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest in the Solar System.

See Sonar and Titan (moon)

Tizard Mission

The Tizard Mission, officially the British Technical and Scientific Mission, was a delegation from the United Kingdom that visited the United States during World War II to share secret research and development (R&D) work that had military applications.

See Sonar and Tizard Mission

Tonpilz

The term tonpilz or "acoustic mushroom" may refer to a certain type of underwater electro-acoustic transducer.

See Sonar and Tonpilz

Toronto

Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario.

See Sonar and Toronto

Toshiba

is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

See Sonar and Toshiba

Towed array sonar

A towed array sonar is a system of hydrophones towed behind a submarine or a surface ship on a cable.

See Sonar and Towed array sonar

Trajectory

A trajectory or flight path is the path that an object with mass in motion follows through space as a function of time.

See Sonar and Trajectory

Transducer

A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.

See Sonar and Transducer

Transformer

In electrical engineering, a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits. Sonar and transformer are British inventions.

See Sonar and Transformer

Ultrasonic transducer

Ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic sensors are devices that generate or sense ultrasound energy.

See Sonar and Ultrasonic transducer

Ultrasound

Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz.

See Sonar and Ultrasound

Underwater acoustics

Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries.

See Sonar and Underwater acoustics

Vacuum tube

A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America) is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.

See Sonar and Vacuum tube

Vibration

Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point.

See Sonar and Vibration

Visibility

In meteorology, visibility is the measure of the distance at which an object or light can be clearly discerned.

See Sonar and Visibility

Wake homing

Wake homing is a torpedo guidance technique based on the wake trajectory left behind a moving target.

See Sonar and Wake homing

Wave

In physics, mathematics, engineering, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities.

See Sonar and Wave

Waveguide

A waveguide is a structure that guides waves by restricting the transmission of energy to one direction. Sonar and waveguide are British inventions.

See Sonar and Waveguide

Western Electric

The Western Electric Company was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that operated from 1869 to 1996.

See Sonar and Western Electric

Whale

Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals.

See Sonar and Whale

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Sonar and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Sonar and World War II

Wrench

A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects—usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts and bolts—or keep them from turning.

See Sonar and Wrench

See also

Submarine warfare

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar

Also known as ASDIC, Acoustic radar, Active acoustics, Active sonar, Anti-Submarine Detection and Identification Commission, Dipping sonar, Dunking sonar, Fisheries sonar, Hand-held sonar, History of sonar, Imaging sonar, LIMIS, Lfas, Limpet mine imaging sonar, Low Frequency Active Sonar, Military applications of sonar, Net location sonar, Net sonar, Passive Sonar, Ping (sound), SONAR, Main advantage and applications of, So.n.a.r., Sonar Projector, Sonar imaging, Sonar system, Sonars, Sonic navigation and ranging, Sound navigation and ranging, Surface duct, Upward looking sonar, Variable depth sonar, Variable-depth sonar.

, Decompression sickness, Deep sea, Density, Depth charge, Digital data, Dolphin, Doppler effect, Echo, Echo sounding, Eddy current, Effervescence, Electric battery, Electric generator, Electronics, Electrostatics, Empirical evidence, Ferrite (magnet), Fessenden oscillator, Figure of merit, Fishfinder, Fishing, Fitness (biology), Flotilla, Fourier transform, Frederic John Walker, Frederick Vinton Hunt, Freight transport, Frequency, Fresh water, Frogman, Fuel cell, G7es torpedo, Galfenol, Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Haptic technology, Hedgehog (weapon), Hertz, High tech, Hull (watercraft), Hydrophone, Imperial Japanese Navy, Infographic, Infrasound, Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom), Inverse-square law, Irish Sea, Isle of Portland, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Lakes of Titan, Lead magnesium niobate, Lead zirconate titanate, Length measurement, Leonardo da Vinci, Lewis Fry Richardson, Lighthouse, Lightship, Limpet mine, London, Long baseline acoustic positioning system, Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System, Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder, Magnetostriction, Marine mammal, Mark 37 torpedo, Mark 60 CAPTOR, Mass, Mobile submarine simulator, Montreal, Morse code, Multibeam echosounder, Multistatic radar, Nahant, Massachusetts, Naval mine, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Naval warfare, Navigation, Newfoundland (island), Nuclear reactor, Nuclear submarine, Ogg, Order of magnitude, Oxford English Dictionary, Parametric array, Passive acoustics, Passive radar, Patent, Paul Langevin, Piezoelectricity, Plan position indicator, Potassium sodium tartrate, Pressure, Prestressed concrete, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Project Artemis, Propagation loss, Propeller, Pulse (signal processing), Pulse compression, Quartz, Radar, Rare-earth element, Raymarine Marine Electronics, Reflection (physics), Refraction, Reginald Fessenden, Remotely operated underwater vehicle, Reverberation, RNAS Portland (HMS Osprey), Robert William Boyle, Royal Navy, Salinity, Scattering, Scuba diving, Sea ice, Seawater, Shoaling and schooling, Shrew, Side-scan sonar, Snell's law, Sodar, SOFAR channel, Sonar, Sonar 2087, Sonar signal processing, Sonobuoy, SOSUS, Sound, Southern California Bight, Soviet Union, Spectral density, Spectrogram, Spectrum (physical sciences), Speed of sound, Sphere, Squid (weapon), SSTD, Submarine, Submarine navigation, Submarine signals, Submarine warfare, Sustainability, Swim bladder, Synthetic-aperture sonar, Target strength, Terfenol-D, Thales Underwater Systems, The World's Work, Thermocline, Time (magazine), Time–frequency analysis, Titan (moon), Tizard Mission, Tonpilz, Toronto, Toshiba, Towed array sonar, Trajectory, Transducer, Transformer, Ultrasonic transducer, Ultrasound, Underwater acoustics, Vacuum tube, Vibration, Visibility, Wake homing, Wave, Waveguide, Western Electric, Whale, World War I, World War II, Wrench.