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799 relations: ABC (newspaper), Abengoa, Absolute monarchy, Abuse of power, Academy Awards, Acciona, ACS Group, Adolfo Suárez, Advice (constitutional law), Africa, Age of Discovery, Age of Enlightenment, Agnosticism, Agrément, Al-Andalus, Al-Qaeda, Alans, Albacore, Alboran Island, Alfredo Kraus, Alhucemas Islands, Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport, Alicia de Larrocha, Alluvial plain, Almería, Almohad Caliphate, Almoravid dynasty, Alonso Berruguete, Alonso Cano, Alpine climate, Ambassador, Americas, Amnesty, Amnesty International, Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, Andalusi Romance, Andalusia, Andorra, Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660), Arabic, Aragonese language, Aranese dialect, Arbitration, Arròs negre, Art movement, Asturian cuisine, Asturian language, Asturias, Asturleonese language, ... Expand index (749 more) »
- Iberian Peninsula countries
- Member states of NATO
- Member states of the European Union
- Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- North African countries
- OECD members
- Spanish-speaking countries and territories
- States and territories established in 1715
- States and territories established in 1978
ABC (newspaper)
ABC is a Spanish national daily newspaper.
Abengoa
Abengoa, S.A. was a Spanish multinational company in the green infrastructure, energy and water sectors.
Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.
See Spain and Absolute monarchy
Abuse of power
Abuse of power or abuse of authority, in the form of "malfeasance in office" or "official abuse of power", is the commission of an unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties.
Academy Awards
The Academy Awards of Merit, commonly known as the Oscars or Academy Awards, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry.
Acciona
Acciona, S.A. is a Spanish multinational conglomerate dedicated to the development and management of infrastructure (construction, water, industrial and services) and renewable energy.
ACS Group
ACS, Actividades de Construcción y Servicios, S.A. is a Spanish company dedicated to civil engineering, construction, all types of services and telecommunications.
Adolfo Suárez
Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez (25 September 1932 – 23 March 2014) was a Spanish lawyer and politician.
Advice (constitutional law)
In a parliamentary system, advice is a formal and usually binding instruction given by one constitutional officer of state to another.
See Spain and Advice (constitutional law)
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
See Spain and Africa
Age of Discovery
The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and largely overlapping with the Age of Sail.
See Spain and Age of Discovery
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
See Spain and Age of Enlightenment
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact.
Agrément
Agrément, in international affairs, is the agreement by a state to receive members of a diplomatic mission from a foreign country.
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate.
Alans
The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa.
See Spain and Alans
Albacore
The albacore (Thunnus alalunga), known also as the longfin tuna, is a species of tuna of the order Scombriformes.
Alboran Island
Alboran Island (Isla de Alborán) is a small islet of Spain (province of Almería) in the Alboran Sea, part of the western Mediterranean Sea, about north of the Moroccan coast and from the Spanish mainland.
Alfredo Kraus
Alfredo Kraus Trujillo (24 November 192710 September 1999) was a distinguished Spanish tenor from the Canary Islands (known professionally as Alfredo Kraus), particularly known for the artistry he brought to opera's bel canto roles.
Alhucemas Islands
The Alhucemas Islands (Islas Alhucemas, جزر الحسيمة) is a group of islands and one of the Spanish plazas de soberanía just off the Moroccan coast in the Alboran Sea.
See Spain and Alhucemas Islands
Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport
Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport (Aeropuerto de Alicante-Elche Miguel Hernández, Aeroport d'Alacant-Elx Miguel Hernández),, is an international airport located about southwest of the city of Alicante and about east of the city of Elche in Spain.
See Spain and Alicante–Elche Miguel Hernández Airport
Alicia de Larrocha
Alicia de Larrocha y de la Calle (23 May 192325 September 2009) was a Spanish pianist and composer.
See Spain and Alicia de Larrocha
Alluvial plain
An alluvial plain is a plain (a largely flat landform) created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which alluvial soil forms.
Almería
Almería is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia.
Almohad Caliphate
The Almohad Caliphate (خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or دَوْلَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or ٱلدَّوْلَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِيَّةُ from unity of God) or Almohad Empire was a North African Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century.
See Spain and Almohad Caliphate
Almoravid dynasty
The Almoravid dynasty (lit) was a Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco.
See Spain and Almoravid dynasty
Alonso Berruguete
Alonso González de Berruguete (– 1561) was a Spanish painter, sculptor and architect.
See Spain and Alonso Berruguete
Alonso Cano
Alonso Cano Almansa or Alonzo Cano (19 March 16013 September 1667) was a Spanish painter, architect, and sculptor born in Granada.
Alpine climate
Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold.
Ambassador
An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or sovereign or appointed for a special and often temporary diplomatic assignment.
Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.
Amnesty
Amnesty is defined as "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of people who are subject to trial but have not yet been convicted." Though the term general pardon has a similar definition, an amnesty constitutes more than a pardon, in so much as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the offense.
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
See Spain and Amnesty International
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe is a transnational serial nature UNESCO World Heritage Site, encompassing 93 component parts (forests of European beech, Fagus sylvatica) in 18 European countries.
See Spain and Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Andalusi Romance
Andalusi Romance, also called Mozarabic or Ajami, refers to the varieties of Ibero-Romance that developed in Al-Andalus, the parts of the medieval Iberian Peninsula under Islamic control.
See Spain and Andalusi Romance
Andalusia
Andalusia (Andalucía) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain.
Andorra
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Spain and Andorra are countries in Europe, Iberian Peninsula countries, member states of the United Nations and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
The Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the Habsburg Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of England that was never formally declared.
See Spain and Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)
The Anglo-Spanish War was a conflict between the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell, and Spain, between 1654 and 1660.
See Spain and Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
See Spain and Arabic
Aragonese language
Aragonese (in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça.
See Spain and Aragonese language
Aranese dialect
Aranese (aranés) is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in northwestern Catalonia close to the Spanish border with France, where it is one of the three official languages beside Catalan and Spanish.
Arbitration
Arbitration is a formal method of dispute resolution involving a neutral third party who makes a binding decision.
Arròs negre
Arròs negre or arrós negre (arroz negro) is a Valencian and Catalan dish made with cuttlefish (or squid) and rice, somewhat similar to seafood paella.
Art movement
An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific art philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defined within a number of years.
Asturian cuisine
Asturian cuisine refers to the typical dishes and ingredients found in the cuisine of the Asturias region of Spain.
See Spain and Asturian cuisine
Asturian language
Asturian (asturianu),Art.
See Spain and Asturian language
Asturias
Asturias (Asturies) officially the Principality of Asturias, (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies; Galician–Asturian: Principao d'Asturias) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain.
Asturleonese language
Asturleonese (Astur-Leonese; Asturlleonés; Asturleonés; Asturo-leonês; Asturlhionés) is a Romance language or language family spoken in northwestern Spain and northeastern Portugal, namely in the historical regions and Spain's modern-day autonomous communities of Asturias, northwestern Castile and León, Cantabria and Extremadura, and in Riudenore and Tierra de Miranda in Portugal.
See Spain and Asturleonese language
Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
Audience (meeting)
An audience is a formal meeting that takes place between a head of state and another person at the invitation of the head of state.
See Spain and Audience (meeting)
Aurignacian
The Aurignacian is an archaeological industry of the Upper Paleolithic associated with Early European modern humans (EEMH) lasting from 43,000 to 26,000 years ago.
Autonomous communities of Spain
In Spain, an autonomous community (comunidad autónoma) is the first sub-national level of political and administrative division, created in accordance with the Spanish Constitution of 1978, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy of the nationalities and regions that make up Spain.
See Spain and Autonomous communities of Spain
Axis powers
The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.
Badajoz
Badajoz (formerly written Badajos in English) is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain.
Baetic System
The Baetic System or Betic System (Sistema Bético) is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
Ballista
The ballista (Latin, from Greek βαλλίστρα ballistra and that from βάλλω ballō, "throw"), plural ballistae, sometimes called bolt thrower, was an ancient missile weapon that launched either bolts or stones at a distant target.
Bank of Spain
The Bank of Spain (Banco de España) is Spain's central bank and the Spanish member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Spain from 1874 to 1998, issuing the Spanish peseta.
Barcelona
Barcelona is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain.
Barcelona Symphony Orchestra and National Orchestra of Catalonia
The Barcelona Symphony Orchestra and National Orchestra of Catalonia (Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona i Nacional de Catalunya, OBC) is a symphony orchestra based in Barcelona, Spain.
See Spain and Barcelona Symphony Orchestra and National Orchestra of Catalonia
Baroque
The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s.
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (late December 1617, baptized January 1, 1618April 3, 1682) was a Spanish Baroque painter.
See Spain and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Basketball in Spain
Basketball is the second most popular sport in Spain, directly behind association football.
See Spain and Basketball in Spain
Basque cuisine
Basque cuisine refers to the cuisine of the Basque Country and includes meats and fish grilled over hot coals, marmitako and lamb stews, cod, Tolosa bean dishes, paprikas from Lekeitio, pintxos (Basque tapas), Idiazabal sheep's cheese, txakoli (sparkling white wine), and Basque cider.
Basque language
Basque (euskara) is the only surviving Paleo-European language spoken in Europe, predating the arrival of speakers of the Indo-European languages that dominate the continent today. Basque is spoken by the Basques and other residents of the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France.
Basque nationalism
Basque nationalism (eusko abertzaletasuna; nacionalismo vasco; nationalisme basque) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation and promotes the political unity of the Basques, today scattered between Spain and France.
See Spain and Basque nationalism
Basque Nationalist Party
The Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ; Partido Nacionalista Vasco, PNV; Parti Nationaliste Basque, PNB; EAJ-PNV), officially Basque National Party in English, is a Basque nationalist and regionalist political party.
See Spain and Basque Nationalist Party
Basque pelota
Basque pelota (Basque: pilota, Spanish: pelota vasca, French: pelote basque) is the name for a variety of court sports played with a ball using one's hand, a racket, a wooden bat or a basket, against a wall (frontis or fronton) or, more traditionally, with two teams face to face separated by a line on the ground or a net.
Basques
The Basques (or; euskaldunak; vascos; basques) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians.
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras.
See Spain and Battle of Lepanto
Battle of the Downs
The Battle of the Downs took place on 21 October 1639 (New Style), during the Eighty Years' War.
See Spain and Battle of the Downs
Battle of Vila Franca do Campo
The naval Battle of Vila Franca do Campo, also known as Battle of Ponta Delgada and Naval Battle of Terceira Island, took place on 26 July 1582, off the coast of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, during the War of the Portuguese Succession.
See Spain and Battle of Vila Franca do Campo
Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea.
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Spain and Belgium are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro
Friar Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro (8 October 167626 September 1764) was a Spanish monk and scholar who led the Age of Enlightenment in Spain.
See Spain and Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro
Benito Pérez Galdós
Benito Pérez Galdós (10 May 1843 – 4 January 1920) was a Spanish realist novelist.
See Spain and Benito Pérez Galdós
BESCAM
The BESCAM, an acronym for Brigadas Especiales de Seguridad de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Special Security Brigades for the Autonomous Community of Madrid), is a police body created by the government of the Community of Madrid in Spain.
See Spain and BESCAM
Bicameralism
Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature.
Bidasoa
The Bidasoa (Bidassoa) is a river in the Basque Country of northern Spain and southern France that runs largely south to north.
Bilbao
Bilbao is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole.
See Spain and Bilbao
Biotope
A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals.
Blue Division
The 250th Infantry Division (250.), better known as the Blue Division (División Azul, Blaue Division), was a unit of volunteers from Francoist Spain operating from 1941 to 1944 within the German Army (Wehrmacht.) on the Eastern Front during World War II.
Boletín Oficial del Estado
The (BOE; "label", from 1661 to 1936 known as the Gaceta de Madrid, "label") is the official gazette of the Kingdom of Spain and may be published on any day of the week.
See Spain and Boletín Oficial del Estado
Bourbon Reforms
The Bourbon Reforms (lit) consisted of political and economic changes promulgated by the Spanish Crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon, mainly in the 18th century.
British Overseas Territories
The British Overseas Territories (BOTs) are the 14 territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom that, while not forming part of the United Kingdom itself, are part of its sovereign territory.
See Spain and British Overseas Territories
Buñol
Buñol is a town and municipality in the province of Valencia, Spain.
See Spain and Buñol
Bulgarians
Bulgarians (bŭlgari) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and its neighbouring region, who share a common Bulgarian ancestry, culture, history and language.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Spain and Byzantine Empire
Cabildo insular
A cabildo insular (island council) is the government and administration institution of each of the seven major islands in the Canary Islands archipelago: Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro.
Cabinet collective responsibility
Cabinet collective responsibility, also known as collective ministerial responsibility, is a constitutional convention in parliamentary systems and a cornerstone of the Westminster system system of government, that members of the cabinet must publicly support all governmental decisions made in Cabinet, even if they do not privately agree with them.
See Spain and Cabinet collective responsibility
Caló language
Caló is a language spoken by the Spanish and Portuguese Romani ethnic groups.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Spain and Cambridge University Press
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (Canarias), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.
Cantabria
Cantabria (also) is an autonomous community and province in northern Spain with Santander as its capital city.
Cantabrian cuisine
Cantabrian cuisine is the cuisine from Cantabria, an autonomous community in northern Spain.
See Spain and Cantabrian cuisine
Cantabrian Mountains
The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range (Cordillera Cantábrica) are one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
See Spain and Cantabrian Mountains
Cantar de mio Cid
El Cantar de mio Cid (or 'The Song of my Sidi ('lord')'), or El Poema de mio Cid, also known in English as The Poem of the Cid, is the oldest preserved Castilian epic poem.
See Spain and Cantar de mio Cid
Capacity (law)
Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or altogether the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sense also called legal personality).
Captaincy General of Cuba
The Captaincy General of Cuba (Capitanía General de Cuba) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire created in 1607 as part of Habsburg Spain attempt to better defend and administer its Caribbean possessions. Spain and Captaincy General of Cuba are Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
See Spain and Captaincy General of Cuba
Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
The Captaincy General of Puerto Rico (Capitanía General de Puerto Rico) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire, created in 1580 to provide better military management of the island of Puerto Rico, previously under the direct rule of a lone governor and the jurisdiction of Audiencia of Santo Domingo. Spain and Captaincy General of Puerto Rico are Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
See Spain and Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
Carlism
Carlism (Karlismo; Carlisme) is a Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty, one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855), on the Spanish throne.
Carlist Wars
The Carlist Wars (karlistadak) were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century.
Carlos Arias Navarro
Carlos Arias Navarro, 1st Marquess of Arias Navarro (11 December 1908 – 27 November 1989) was the prime Minister of Spain during the final years of the Francoist dictatorship and the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy.
See Spain and Carlos Arias Navarro
Castile and León
Castile and León is an autonomous community in northwestern Spain.
See Spain and Castile and León
Castilla–La Mancha
Castilla–La Mancha is an autonomous community of Spain.
See Spain and Castilla–La Mancha
Catalan independence movement
The Catalan independence movement (independentisme català; independentismo catalán; independentisme catalan) is a social and political movement (with roots in Catalan nationalism) which seeks the independence of Catalonia from Spain.
See Spain and Catalan independence movement
Catalan language
Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language.
See Spain and Catalan language
Catalonia
Catalonia (Catalunya; Cataluña; Catalonha) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
Catholic Monarchs of Spain
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain.
See Spain and Catholic Monarchs of Spain
Cave of Altamira
The Cave of Altamira (Cueva de Altamira) is a cave complex, located near the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, Spain.
See Spain and Cave of Altamira
Cave of El Castillo
The Cueva del Castillo, or Cave of the Castle, is an archaeological site within the complex of the Caves of Monte Castillo, in Puente Viesgo, Cantabria, Spain.
See Spain and Cave of El Castillo
Cádiz
Cádiz is a city in Spain and the capital of the Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.
See Spain and Cádiz
Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba, or sometimes Cordova, is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba.
Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.
See Spain and Celts
Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year.
See Spain and Central European Summer Time
Central European Time
Central European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
See Spain and Central European Time
Central government
A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state.
See Spain and Central government
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Spain and Central Intelligence Agency
Cepsa
Compañía Española de Petróleos, S.A.U., commonly known as Cepsa, is a Spanish multinational oil and gas company headquartered at Torre Cepsa in the Cuatro Torres Business Area in Madrid, Spain.
See Spain and Cepsa
Ceuta
Ceuta (Sabta; Sabtah) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast.
See Spain and Ceuta
Chafarinas Islands
The Chafarinas Islands (Islas Chafarinas, script or Takfarinas, جزر الشفارين or الجزر الجعفرية), also spelled Zafarin, Djaferin or Zafarani, are a group of three small Spanish islets located in the Alboran Sea off the coast of Morocco with an aggregate area of, to the east of Nador and off the Moroccan town of Ras Kebdana.
See Spain and Chafarinas Islands
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
See Spain and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Christianization
Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity.
See Spain and Christianization
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
See Spain and Christopher Columbus
Civil Guard (Spain)
The Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) is one of the two national law enforcement agencies of Spain.
See Spain and Civil Guard (Spain)
Closed list
Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively vote for only political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected.
Coal-fired power station
A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity.
See Spain and Coal-fired power station
Cocido madrileño
Cocido madrileño ("Madrid stew") is a traditional chickpea-based stew from Madrid, Spain.
See Spain and Cocido madrileño
Cod
Cod (cod) is the common name for the demersal fish genus Gadus, belonging to the family Gadidae.
See Spain and Cod
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
Commander-in-chief
A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch.
See Spain and Commander-in-chief
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Community of Madrid
The Community of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain.
See Spain and Community of Madrid
Condominium (international law)
A condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) in international law is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.
See Spain and Condominium (international law)
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The (National Confederation of Labor; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT).
See Spain and Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
Congress of Deputies
The Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) is the lower house of the, Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate.
See Spain and Congress of Deputies
Constituent Cortes
The Constituent Cortes (Las Cortes Constituyentes) is the description of Spain's parliament, the Cortes, when convened as a constituent assembly.
See Spain and Constituent Cortes
Constitution of Spain
The Spanish Constitution (Constitución Española) is the supreme law of the Kingdom of Spain.
See Spain and Constitution of Spain
Constitutional Court of Spain
The Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional) is the supreme interpreter of the Spanish Constitution, with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes made by any public body, central, regional, or local in Spain.
See Spain and Constitutional Court of Spain
Constitutional crisis
In political science, a constitutional crisis is a problem or conflict in the function of a government that the political constitution or other fundamental governing law is perceived to be unable to resolve.
See Spain and Constitutional crisis
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.
See Spain and Constitutional monarchy
Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (Grupo CAF, literally "Construction and Other Railway Services") is a Spanish publicly listed company which manufactures railway vehicles and equipment and buses through its Solaris Bus & Coach subsidiary.
See Spain and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
Contemporary architecture
Contemporary architecture is the architecture of the 21st century.
See Spain and Contemporary architecture
Continental climate
Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters).
See Spain and Continental climate
Convention (political norm)
A convention (also known as a constitutional convention) is an informal and uncodified tradition that is followed by the institutions of a state.
See Spain and Convention (political norm)
Cortes Generales
The (lit) are the bicameral legislative chambers of Spain, consisting of the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).
See Spain and Cortes Generales
Cortes of Cádiz
The Cortes of Cádiz was a revival of the traditional cortes (Spanish parliament), which as an institution had not functioned for many years, but it met as a single body, rather than divided into estates as with previous ones.
Cortes of León of 1188
The Cortes of León or Decreta of León from year 1188 was a parliamentary body in the medieval Kingdom of León.
See Spain and Cortes of León of 1188
Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
See Spain and Council of Europe
Council of Ministers (Spain)
The Council of Ministers (Consejo de Ministros) is the main collective decision-making body of the Government of Spain, and it is exclusively composed of the Prime Minister, the deputy prime ministers and the ministers (22 as of 2024).
See Spain and Council of Ministers (Spain)
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time.
See Spain and Counter-Reformation
Countersign (legal)
In law, countersignature refers to a second signature onto a document.
See Spain and Countersign (legal)
County of Barcelona
The County of Barcelona (Comitatus Barcinonensis, Comtat de Barcelona) was a polity in northeastern Iberian Peninsula, originally located in the southern frontier region of the Carolingian Empire.
See Spain and County of Barcelona
Criollo people
In Hispanic America, criollo is a term used originally to describe people of full Spanish descent born in the viceroyalties.
Crown of Aragon
The Crown of AragonCorona d'Aragón;Corona d'Aragó,;Corona de Aragón;Corona Aragonum. Spain and Crown of Aragon are monarchy of Spain.
Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval polity in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne.
See Spain and Crown of Castile
Cuban War of Independence
The Cuban War of Independence, also known in Cuba as The Necessary War (La Guerra Necesaria), fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880).
See Spain and Cuban War of Independence
Culture of Spain
The culture of Spain is influenced by its Western origin, its interaction with other cultures in Europe, its historically Catholic religious tradition, and the varied national and regional identities within the country.
See Spain and Culture of Spain
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Spain and Cyprus are countries in Europe, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean and member states of the United Nations.
See Spain and Cyprus
Damià Forment
Damián Forment (Alcorisa (Teruel) ca. 1475/1480 – Santo Domingo de la Calzada, 1540) was an Aragonese Spanish architect and sculptor, considered the most important Spanish sculptor of the 16th century.
De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.
See Spain and Decentralization
Declaration of war
A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state announces existing or impending war activity against another.
See Spain and Declaration of war
Decree
A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, royal figure, or other relevant authorities, according to certain procedures.
See Spain and Decree
Demographics of Senegal
Demographic features of the population of Senegal include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
See Spain and Demographics of Senegal
Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
The deputy prime minister of Spain, officially vice president of the Government (Vicepresidencia del Gobierno), is the second in command to the Prime Minister, assuming the responsibilities of the premiership when the prime minister is absent or incapable of exercising power.
See Spain and Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
Desert climate
The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk) is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation.
Developed country
A developed country, or advanced country, is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
See Spain and Developed country
Devolution
Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level.
Diego Siloe
Diego Siloe (anglicized) or Diego de Siloé (c. 1495–1563) was a Spanish Renaissance architect and sculptor, progenitor of the Granadan school of sculpture.
Diego Velázquez
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Knight of the Order of Santiago (baptized 6 June 15996 August 1660) was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age.
Diplomatic rank
Diplomatic rank is a system of professional and social rank used in the world of diplomacy and international relations.
Dissolution of parliament
The dissolution of a legislative assembly (or parliament) is the simultaneous termination of service of all of its members, in anticipation that a successive legislative assembly will reconvene later with possibly different members.
See Spain and Dissolution of parliament
Doctrine of necessity
The doctrine of necessity is the basis on which extraordinary actions by administrative authority, which are designed to restore order or uphold fundamental constitutional principles, are considered to be lawful even if such an action contravenes established constitution, laws, norms, or conventions.
See Spain and Doctrine of necessity
Don Quixote
Don Quixote is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes.
Dos de Mayo Uprising
The Dos de Mayo or Second of May Uprising took place in Madrid, Spain, on 2–3 May 1808.
See Spain and Dos de Mayo Uprising
Douro
The Douro (Duero; Mirandese: Douro ˈdowɾʊ; Durius) is the largest river of the Iberian Peninsula by discharge.
See Spain and Douro
Dubbing
Dubbing (re-recording and mixing) is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production, often in concert with sound design, in which additional or supplementary recordings (doubles) are lip-synced and "mixed" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.
Dutch Republic
The United Provinces of the Netherlands, officially the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden) and commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
Dynastic order
A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage.
Economic expansion
An economic expansion is an increase in the level of economic activity, and of the goods and services available.
See Spain and Economic expansion
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
Eduardo Chillida
Eduardo Chillida Juantegui, or Eduardo Txillida Juantegi in Basque (10 January 1924 – 19 August 2002), was a Spanish Basque sculptor notable for his monumental abstract works.
See Spain and Eduardo Chillida
Efficient energy use
Efficient energy use, or energy efficiency, is the process of reducing the amount of energy required to provide products and services.
See Spain and Efficient energy use
Eighty Years' War
The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt (Nederlandse Opstand) (c. 1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government.
See Spain and Eighty Years' War
El Greco
Doménikos Theotokópoulos (Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος,; 1 October 1541 7 April 1614), most widely known as El Greco ("The Greek"), was a Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance.
El Hierro
El Hierro, nicknamed Isla del Meridiano (the "Meridian Island"), is the second-smallest and farthest south and west of the Canary Islands (an autonomous community of Spain), in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa, with a population of 11,659 (2023).
El País
() is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain.
El Periódico de Catalunya
El Periódico de Catalunya, also simply known as El Periódico, is a morning daily newspaper based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Spain and El Periódico de Catalunya
Election
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office.
Elections in Spain
Elections in Spain encompass four different types: general elections, regional elections, local elections, and elections to the European Parliament.
See Spain and Elections in Spain
Electric car
An electric car or electric vehicle (EV) is a passenger automobile that is propelled by an electric traction motor, using electrical energy as the primary source of propulsion.
Emirate of Granada
The Emirate of Granada, also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, was an Islamic polity in the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Late Middle Ages, ruled by the Nasrid dynasty.
See Spain and Emirate of Granada
Enclave and exclave
An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity.
See Spain and Enclave and exclave
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Spain and English language
Enlightened absolutism
Enlightened absolutism, also called enlightened despotism, refers to the conduct and policies of European absolute monarchs during the 18th and early 19th centuries who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, espousing them to enhance their power.
See Spain and Enlightened absolutism
Enlightenment in Spain
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment (Ilustración) came to Spain in the 18th century with the new Bourbon dynasty, following the death of the last Habsburg monarch, Charles II, in 1700.
See Spain and Enlightenment in Spain
Enrique Granados
Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916), commonly known as Enrique Granados in Spanish or Enric Granados in Catalan, was a Spanish composer of classical music, and concert pianist from Catalonia, Spain.
See Spain and Enrique Granados
Envoy (title)
An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, usually known as a minister, was a diplomatic head of mission who was ranked below ambassador.
Erasmus Programme
The Erasmus Programme ("EuRopean Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students") is a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987.
See Spain and Erasmus Programme
Ertzaintza
The Ertzaintza (Public Guard or People's Guard) is the autonomous police force for the Basque Country, largely replacing the Spanish Policía Nacional (National Police) and Guardia Civil (Civil Guard).
ETA (separatist group)
ETA, an acronym for ("Basque Homeland and Liberty", Encyclopaedia Britannica 20 October 2011 or "Basque Country and Freedom"), was an armed Basque nationalist and far-left separatist organization in the Basque Country between 1959 and 2018, with its goal being independence for the region.
See Spain and ETA (separatist group)
Euro
The euro (symbol: €; currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the member states of the European Union.
See Spain and Euro
Euro sign
The euro sign is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the eurozone and adopted, although not required to, by Kosovo and Montenegro.
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
See Spain and Europe
European colonization of the Americas
During the Age of Discovery, a large scale colonization of the Americas, involving a number of European countries, took place primarily between the late 15th century and the early 19th century.
See Spain and European colonization of the Americas
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.
See Spain and European Economic Community
European Movement International
The European Movement International is a lobbying association that coordinates the efforts of associations and national councils with the goal of promoting European integration, and disseminating information about it.
See Spain and European Movement International
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
Eurostat
Eurostat ('European Statistical Office'; DG ESTAT) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
Eurozone
The euro area, commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies.
Ex officio member
An ex officio member is a member of a body (notably a board, committee, or council) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office.
See Spain and Ex officio member
Exclusive economic zone
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.
See Spain and Exclusive economic zone
Executive (government)
The executive, also referred to as the juditian or executive power, is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes decisions and holds power.
See Spain and Executive (government)
Falange Española de las JONS
The Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de las JONS) was a fascist political party founded in Spain in 1934 as merger of the Falange Española and the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista.
See Spain and Falange Española de las JONS
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.
See Spain and Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Fauna
Fauna (faunae or faunas) is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time.
See Spain and Fauna
FC Barcelona
Futbol Club Barcelona, commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça, is a professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, that competes in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football.
FCC Group
The FCC Group, formerly Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, S. A. (currently one of the group's entities), is a Spanish business group, based in Barcelona.
Federación Anarquista Ibérica
The Iberian Anarchist Federation (Federación Anarquista Ibérica, FAI) is a Spanish anarchist organization.
See Spain and Federación Anarquista Ibérica
Federation
A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism).
Felipe González
Felipe González Márquez (born 5 March 1942) is a Spanish lawyer, professor, and politician, who was the Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997, and the 3rd Prime Minister of Spain since the restoration of democracy, from 1982 to 1996.
Felipe VI
Felipe VI (Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Grecia; born 30 January 1968) is King of Spain.
Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII (Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century.
Ferrol, Spain
Ferrol is a city in the province of A Coruña in Galicia, Spain.
Ferrovial
Ferrovial S.E., previously Grupo Ferrovial, is a Spanish multinational company that operates in the infrastructure sector for transportation and mobility with four divisions: Highways, Airports, Construction, and Mobility and Energy Infrastructure.
Festival Internacional de Benicàssim
The Festival Internacional de Benicàssim, commonly abbreviated as FIB, is an annual music festival that takes place in the town of Benicàssim, in the Valencian Community, Spain.
See Spain and Festival Internacional de Benicàssim
Festival of San Fermín
The festival of San Fermín is a week-long, traditional celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarre, Spain.
See Spain and Festival of San Fermín
FET y de las JONS
The Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), frequently shortened to just "FET", was the sole legal party of the Francoist regime in Spain.
See Spain and FET y de las JONS
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.
FIFA Women's World Cup
The FIFA Women's World Cup is an international association football competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's international governing body.
See Spain and FIFA Women's World Cup
FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often called the World Cup, is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
First Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic (República española), historiographically referred to as the First Spanish Republic (Primera República española), was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874.
See Spain and First Spanish Republic
Flamenco
Flamenco is an art form based on the various folkloric music traditions of southern Spain, developed within the gitano subculture of the region of Andalusia, and also having historical presence in Extremadura and Murcia.
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
Football in Spain
'''Football''' is the most popular sport in Spain, with 61% of the population interested in it.
See Spain and Football in Spain
Foreign policy
Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and international entities.
Foreign relations of Spain
The foreign relations of Spain could be constructed upon the foreign relations of the Hispanic Crown.
See Spain and Foreign relations of Spain
Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.
Formentera
Formentera is a Spanish island located in the Mediterranean Sea, which belongs to the Balearic Islands autonomous community (Spain) together with Mallorca, Menorca, and Ibiza.
Formula One
Formula One, commonly known as Formula 1 or F1, is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Fossil fuel power station
A fossil fuel power station is a thermal power station which burns a fossil fuel, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, to produce electricity.
See Spain and Fossil fuel power station
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Spain and France are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
See Spain and France
Franche-Comté
Franche-Comté (Frainc-Comtou: Fraintche-Comtè; Franche-Comtât; also Freigrafschaft; Franco Condado; all) is a cultural and historical region of eastern France.
Francisco de Quevedo
Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas, Knight of the Order of Santiago (14 September 1580 – 8 September 1645) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and writer of the Baroque era.
See Spain and Francisco de Quevedo
Francisco de Zurbarán
Francisco de Zurbarán (baptized 7 November 1598 – 27 August 1664) was a Spanish painter.
See Spain and Francisco de Zurbarán
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.
See Spain and Francisco Franco
Francisco Goya
Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker.
Francization
Francization (in American English, Canadian English, and Oxford English) or Francisation (in other British English), also known as Frenchification, is the expansion of French language use—either through willful adoption or coercion—by more and more social groups who had not before used the language as a common means of expression in daily life.
Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain (España franquista), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo.
French First Republic
In the history of France, the First Republic (Première République), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (République française), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution.
See Spain and French First Republic
French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.
See Spain and French Wars of Religion
Fuero
Fuero, Fur, Foro or Foru is a Spanish legal term and concept.
See Spain and Fuero
Fuerteventura
Fuerteventura is one of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, geographically part of Macaronesia, and politically part of Spain.
G20
The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU).
See Spain and G20
GAL (paramilitary group)
GAL (Spanish: Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación; "Antiterrorist Liberation Groups") were death squads illegally established by officials of the Spanish government during the Basque conflict to fight against ETA, the principal Basque separatist militant group.
See Spain and GAL (paramilitary group)
Galicia (Spain)
Galicia (Galicia (officially) or Galiza; Galicia) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.
Galician cuisine
Galician cuisine refers to the typical dishes and ingredients found in the cuisine of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain.
See Spain and Galician cuisine
Galician–Portuguese
Galician–Portuguese (lingua vulgar; galego–portugués or galaico–portugués; galego–português or galaico–português), also known as Old Galician–Portuguese, Old Galician or Old Portuguese, Medieval Galician or Medieval Portuguese when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula.
See Spain and Galician–Portuguese
Gas-fired power plant
A gas-fired power plant, sometimes referred to as gas-fired power station, natural gas power plant, or methane gas power plant, is a thermal power station that burns natural gas to generate electricity.
See Spain and Gas-fired power plant
Gasification
Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide.
Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (born Gaspar Melchor de Jove y Llanos, 5 January 1744 – 27 November 1811) was a Spanish neoclassical statesman, author, philosopher and a major figure of the Age of Enlightenment in Spain.
See Spain and Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
GATEPAC
GATEPAC (Grupo de Artistas y Técnicos Españoles Para la Arquitectura Contemporánea) was a group of architects assembled during the Second Spanish Republic.
Gazpacho
Gazpacho or gaspacho, also called Andalusian gazpacho, is a cold soup and drink made of raw, blended vegetables.
Gender Empowerment Measure
The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is an index designed to measure gender equality.
See Spain and Gender Empowerment Measure
Gender equality
Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, regardless of gender.
General Council of the Judiciary
The General Council of the Judiciary (Consejo General del Poder Judicial, CGPJ) is the national council of the judiciary of Spain.
See Spain and General Council of the Judiciary
Generation of '27
The Generation of '27 (Generación del 27) was an influential group of poets that arose in Spanish literary circles between 1923 and 1927, essentially out of a shared desire to experience and work with avant-garde forms of art and poetry.
See Spain and Generation of '27
Generation of '98
The Generation of '98 (Generación del 98), also called Generation of 1898 (Generación de 1898), was a group of novelists, poets, essayists, and philosophers active in Spain at the time of the Spanish–American War (1898), committed to cultural and aesthetic renewal, and associated with modernism.
See Spain and Generation of '98
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Spain and Germanic peoples
Germans
Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe. Spain and Germany are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory and city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near the exit of the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean (Strait of Gibraltar).
Girona
Girona (Gerona) is the capital city of the province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers.
See Spain and Girona
Glorious Revolution (Spain)
The Glorious Revolution (la Gloriosa or la Septembrina) took place in Spain in 1868, resulting in the deposition of Queen Isabella II.
See Spain and Glorious Revolution (Spain)
Glosas Emilianenses
The Glosas Emilianenses (Spanish for "glosses of Millán/Emilianus") are glosses written in the 10th or 11th century to a 9th-century Latin codex called the Aemilianensis 60; the name Glosas Emilianenses is also sometimes applies to the entire codex.
See Spain and Glosas Emilianenses
Golden Banana
The Golden Banana or Sun Belt is an area of higher population density lying between Cartagena in the west and Genoa in the east along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
Golf
Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit a ball into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.
See Spain and Golf
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas.
See Spain and Gothic architecture
Government of Spain
The government of Spain (Gobierno de España) is the central government which leads the executive branch and the General State Administration of the Kingdom of Spain.
See Spain and Government of Spain
Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria, also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa and is part of Spain.
Gran Canaria Airport
Gran Canaria Airport (Aeropuerto de Gran Canaria) is a passenger and freight airport on the island of Gran Canaria.
See Spain and Gran Canaria Airport
Granada
Granada is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.
Great Plague of Seville
The Great Plague of Seville (1647–1652) was a massive outbreak of disease in Spain that killed up to a quarter of Seville's population.
See Spain and Great Plague of Seville
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Spain and Gross domestic product
Guadalquivir
The Guadalquivir (also) is the fifth-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula and the second-longest river with its entire length in Spain.
Guadiana
The Guadiana River (also), is an international river defining a long stretch of the Portugal-Spain border, separating Extremadura and Andalusia (Spain) from Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal).
Guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces.
See Spain and Guerrilla warfare
Gypsum
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula.
See Spain and Gypsum
Habsburg Spain
Habsburg Spain refers to Spain and the Hispanic Monarchy, also known as the Catholic Monarchy, in the period from 1516 to 1700 when it was ruled by kings from the House of Habsburg.
Hadrian
Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.
Handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the opposing team.
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
See Spain and Head of government
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
Herrerian style
The Herrerian style (estilo herreriano or arquitectura herreriana) of architecture was developed in Spain during the last third of the 16th century under the reign of Philip II (1556–1598), and continued in force in the 17th century, but transformed by the Baroque style of the time.
High-speed rail in Spain
High-speed railways in Spain are in operation since 1992 when the first line was opened connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville.
See Spain and High-speed rail in Spain
Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) on 27 BC.
See Spain and Hispania Baetica
Hispanic America
The region known as Hispanic America (Hispanoamérica or América Hispana) and historically as Spanish America (América Española) is all the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas.
See Spain and Hispanic America
Hispanidad
Hispanidad (typically translated as "Hispanicity") is a Spanish term describing a shared cultural, linguistic, or political identity among speakers of the Spanish language or members of the Hispanic diaspora. Spain and Hispanidad are Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
Hispaniola
Hispaniola (also) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles.
Hispanophone
Hispanophone refers to anything related to the Spanish language.
History of Spain
The history of Spain dates to contact between the pre-Roman peoples of the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula made with the Greeks and Phoenicians.
See Spain and History of Spain
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
See Spain and Holy Roman Empire
Holy Week
Holy Week (lit) is the most sacred week in the liturgical year in Christianity.
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon (also) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France.
See Spain and House of Bourbon
Human Development Report
The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
See Spain and Human Development Report
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power).
See Spain and Hydroelectricity
Iberdrola
Iberdrola is a Spanish multinational electric utility company based in Bilbao, Spain.
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula (IPA), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia.
See Spain and Iberian Peninsula
Iberians
The Iberians (Hibērī, from Ἴβηρες, Iberes) were an ancient people settled in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula, at least from the 6th century BCE.
Ibero-America
Ibero-America (Iberoamérica, Ibero-América) or Iberian America is generally considered to be the region in the Americas comprising countries or territories where Spanish or Portuguese are predominant languages (usually former territories of Portugal or Spain).
Ibiza
Ibiza (Eivissa,; see below) is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea off the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
See Spain and Ibiza
Immigration to Spain
Immigration to Spain increased significantly in the beginning of the 21st century.
See Spain and Immigration to Spain
Inditex
Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (Inditex) is a Spanish multinational clothing company headquartered in Arteixo, Galicia, Spain.
Indra Sistemas
Indra Sistemas, S.A. is a Spanish information technology and defense systems company founded in 1992.
Informal economy
An informal economy (informal sector or grey economy) is the part of any economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government.
See Spain and Informal economy
Intangible cultural heritage
An intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a practice, representation, expression, knowledge, or skill considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage.
See Spain and Intangible cultural heritage
Inter-Parliamentary Union
The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and cooperation among its members; other initiatives include advancing gender parity among legislatures, empowering youth participation in politics, and sustainable development.
See Spain and Inter-Parliamentary Union
International Futures
International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help with thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment).
See Spain and International Futures
International law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards that states and other actors feel an obligation to obey in their mutual relations and generally do obey.
See Spain and International law
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See Spain and International Monetary Fund
International Style
The International Style or internationalism is a major architectural style that developed in the 1920s and 1930s and was closely related to modernism and modernist architecture.
See Spain and International Style
Iraq War
The Iraq War, sometimes called the Second Persian Gulf War, or Second Gulf War was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States-led coalition that overthrew the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the coalition forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.
Isaac Albéniz
Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz y Pascual (29 May 1860 – 18 May 1909) was a Spanish virtuoso pianist, composer, and conductor.
Isabella II
Isabella II (Isabel II, María Isabel Luisa de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904) was Queen of Spain from 1833 until her deposition in 1868.
Isabelline (architectural style)
The Isabelline style, also called the Isabelline Gothic (Gótico Isabelino), or Castilian late Gothic, was the dominant architectural style of the Crown of Castile during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon in the late-15th century to early-16th century.
See Spain and Isabelline (architectural style)
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Spain and Islam
Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam.
See Spain and Islamic architecture
Islamism
Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.
Islet
An islet is a very small, often unnamed island.
See Spain and Islet
Italian Wars
The Italian Wars were a series of conflicts fought between 1494 and 1559, mostly in the Italian Peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and Mediterranean Sea.
Jamón
Jamón (jamones) is a type of dry-cured ham produced in Spain.
See Spain and Jamón
Jamón ibérico
Jamón ibérico (Spanish for "Iberian Ham"), known in Portuguese as presunto ibérico, is a variety of jamón or presunto, a type of cured leg of pork (primarily Black Iberian pigs) produced in Spain and Portugal, in the Iberian Peninsula.
Javier de Burgos
Francisco Javier de Burgos y del Olmo (22 October 1778—22 January 1848) was a Spanish jurist, politician, journalist, and translator.
See Spain and Javier de Burgos
Júcar
left The Júcar or Xúquer is a river in Spain, on the Iberian Peninsula.
See Spain and Júcar
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is a nontrinitarian, millenarian, restorationist Christian denomination.
See Spain and Jehovah's Witnesses
Joan Miró
Joan Miró i Ferrà (20 April 1893 – 25 December 1983) was a Catalan Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramist.
Joaquín Sorolla
Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (Joaquim Sorolla i Bastida, 27 February 1863 – 10 August 1923) was a Spanish painter.
Jordi Savall
Jordi Savall i Bernadet (born 1 August 1941) is a Spanish conductor, composer and viol player.
Jorge Manrique
Jorge Manrique (c. 1440 – 24 April 1479) was a major Castilian poet, whose main work, the Coplas por la muerte de su padre (Verses on the death of Don Rodrigo Manrique, his Father), is still read today.
José Carreras
Josep Maria Carreras Coll (born 5 December 1946), better known as José Carreras, is a Catalan operatic tenor from Spain who is particularly known for his performances in the operas of Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini.
José María Aznar
José María Alfredo Aznar López (born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician who was the prime minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004.
See Spain and José María Aznar
Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport
Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport (Catalan: Aeroport Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat, Spanish: Aeropuerto Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat), and also known as Barcelona-El Prat Airport, is an international airport located southwest.
See Spain and Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport
Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte,; Ghjuseppe Napulione Bonaparte; José Napoleón Bonaparte; 7 January 176828 July 1844) was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte.
See Spain and Joseph Bonaparte
Juan Carlos I
Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until his abdication on 19 June 2014.
Juan de Juni
Juan de Juni (Fr. Jean de Joigny; c. 1507–1577) was a French–Spanish sculptor, who also worked as a painter and architect.
Juan Gris
José Victoriano González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927), better known as Juan Gris, was a Spanish painter born in Madrid who lived and worked in France for most of his active period.
Juan Martínez Montañés
Juan Martínez Montañés (March 16, 1568 – June 18, 1649), known as el Dios de la Madera (the God of Wood), was a Spanish sculptor, born at Alcalá la Real, in the province of Jaén.
See Spain and Juan Martínez Montañés
Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
Julio González (sculptor)
Julio González i Pellicer (21 September 1876 – 27 March 1942), born in Barcelona, was a Spanish sculptor and painter who developed the expressive use of iron as a medium for modern sculpture.
See Spain and Julio González (sculptor)
Jusepe de Ribera
Jusepe de Ribera (1591 – 1652) was a Spanish painter and printmaker.
See Spain and Jusepe de Ribera
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.
See Spain and Köppen climate classification
Kingdom of Aragon
The Kingdom of Aragon (Reino d'Aragón; Regne d'Aragó; Regnum Aragoniae; Reino de Aragón) or Imperial Aragon (Aragón Imperial) was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain.
See Spain and Kingdom of Aragon
Kingdom of Asturias
The Kingdom of Asturias was a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius.
See Spain and Kingdom of Asturias
Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (Reino de Castilla: Regnum Castellae) was a polity in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
See Spain and Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of León
The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula.
Kingdom of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre, originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France.
See Spain and Kingdom of Navarre
Kingdom of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic.
See Spain and Kingdom of Portugal
La Celestina
The Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea (Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea.), known in Spain as La Celestina is a work entirely in dialogue published in 1499.
La Gomera
La Gomera is one of Spain's Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa.
La Movida Madrileña
La Movida Madrileña (The Madrilenian Scene), also known as La Movida, was a countercultural movement that took place mainly in Madrid during the Spanish transition to democracy after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975.
See Spain and La Movida Madrileña
La Palma
La Palma, also known as La isla bonita and historically San Miguel de La Palma, is the most northwesterly island of the Canary Islands, Spain, which is a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean.
La Tomatina
La Tomatina is a Spanish festival in Buñol, Spain where participants throw tomatoes at each other.
La Vanguardia
La Vanguardia is a Spanish daily newspaper, founded in 1881.
Lacón
Lacón is a Spanish dried ham obtained from the shoulders or front legs of the pig.
See Spain and Lacón
Language policies of Francoist Spain
During the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1975, policies were implemented in an attempt to increase the dominance of the Spanish language over the other languages of Spain.
See Spain and Language policies of Francoist Spain
Languages of Europe
There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family.
See Spain and Languages of Europe
Languages of Spain
--> The majority of languages of Spain belong to the Romance language family, of which Spanish is the only one with official status in the whole country.
See Spain and Languages of Spain
Lanzarote
Lanzarote is a Spanish island, the easternmost of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, off the north coast of Africa and from the Iberian Peninsula.
Lapsed Catholic
A lapsed Catholic is a Catholic who is non-practicing.
Las Hilanderas
("The Spinners") is a painting by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez, in the of Madrid, Spain.
Las Meninas
paren) is a 1656 painting in the Museo del Prado in Madrid, by Diego Velázquez, the leading artist of the Spanish Baroque. It has become one of the most widely analyzed works in Western painting for the way its complex and enigmatic composition raises questions about reality and illusion, and for the uncertain relationship it creates between the viewer and the figures depicted.
Las Palmas
Las Palmas, officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, is a Spanish city and capital of Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean.
Latifundium
A latifundium (Latin: latus, "spacious", and fundus, "farm", "estate") was originally the term used by ancient Romans for great landed estates specialising in agriculture destined for sale: grain, olive oil, or wine.
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Spain and Latin
Latins
The term "Latins" is a linguistic concept referring to an ancient Italic people whose language was Latin, native to the region of Latium in central Italy, and by extension to the native speakers of modern languages descended from Latin.
See Spain and Latins
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Law of Spain
The Law of Spain is the legislation in force in the Kingdom of Spain, which is understood to mean Spanish territory, Spanish waters, consulates and embassies, and ships flying the Spanish flag in democratically elected institutions.
Lazarillo de Tormes
The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities (La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades) is a Spanish novella, published anonymously because of its anticlerical content.
See Spain and Lazarillo de Tormes
Leandro Fernández de Moratín
Leandro Fernández de Moratín (10 March 1760 – 21 June 1828) was a Spanish dramatist, translator and neoclassical poet.
See Spain and Leandro Fernández de Moratín
León, Spain
León is a city and municipality of Spain, capital of the province of León, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula.
Legality of euthanasia
The legality of euthanasia varies between countries and territories.
See Spain and Legality of euthanasia
Legislative session
A legislative session is the period of time in which a legislature, in both parliamentary and presidential systems, is convened for purpose of lawmaking, usually being one of two or more smaller divisions of the entire time between two elections.
See Spain and Legislative session
Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city.
Leonese language
Leonese (llionés, lleonés) is a set of vernacular Romance language varieties currently spoken in northern and western portions of the historical region of León in Spain (the modern provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca), the village of Riudenore (in both Spain and Portugal) and Guadramil in Portugal, sometimes considered another language.
See Spain and Leonese language
Leonor, Princess of Asturias
Leonor, Princess of Asturias (i; born 31 October 2005) is the heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne.
See Spain and Leonor, Princess of Asturias
Letter of credence
A letter of credence (Lettre de créance) is a formal diplomatic letter that designates a diplomat as ambassador to another sovereign state.
See Spain and Letter of credence
LGBT
is an initialism that stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender".
See Spain and LGBT
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.
Liceu
The Gran Teatre del Liceu ("Great Theater of the Lyceum"), usually known as El Liceu, is an opera house in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Spain and Liceu
Limited voting
Limited voting (also known as partial block voting) is a voting system in which electors have fewer votes than there are positions available.
List of busiest airports by passenger traffic
The world's busiest airports by passenger traffic are measured by total passengers provided by the Airports Council International, defined as passengers enplaned plus passengers deplaned plus direct-transit passengers.
See Spain and List of busiest airports by passenger traffic
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See Spain and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries and territories by number of land borders
This list gives the number of distinct land borders of each country or territory, as well as the neighboring countries and territories.
See Spain and List of countries and territories by number of land borders
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
See Spain and List of countries by GDP (nominal)
List of countries by GDP (PPP)
GDP (PPP) means gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity.
See Spain and List of countries by GDP (PPP)
List of countries by total fertility rate
This is a list of all sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate (TFR): the expected number of children born per woman in her child-bearing years.
See Spain and List of countries by total fertility rate
List of languages by number of native speakers
Human languages ranked by their number of native speakers are as follows.
See Spain and List of languages by number of native speakers
List of largest empires
Several empires in human history have been contenders for the largest of all time, depending on definition and mode of measurement.
See Spain and List of largest empires
List of metropolitan areas in Spain
This is a list of the largest metropolitan areas in Spain by population.
See Spain and List of metropolitan areas in Spain
List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
See Spain and List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)
List of Spanish monarchs
This is a list of monarchs of Spain, a dominion started with the dynastic union of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
See Spain and List of Spanish monarchs
List of Spanish regional legislatures
Since its transition to democracy in the late 1970s, Spain has been organized in a quasi-federal system called the "State of Autonomies".
See Spain and List of Spanish regional legislatures
List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
This is a list of the pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania, i.e., modern Portugal, Spain and Andorra).
See Spain and List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
List of transcontinental countries
This is a list of countries with territory that straddles more than one continent, known as transcontinental states or intercontinental states.
See Spain and List of transcontinental countries
List of water sports
Water sports or aquatic sports are sports activities conducted on waterbodies and can be categorized according to the degree of immersion by the participants.
See Spain and List of water sports
Llívia
Llívia (Llivia) is a town in the comarca of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Spain and Llívia
Lope de Vega
Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (25 November 156227 August 1635) was a Spanish playwright, poet, and novelist who was a key figure in the Spanish Golden Age (1492–1659) of Baroque literature.
Low Countries
The Low Countries (de Lage Landen; les Pays-Bas), historically also known as the Netherlands (de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Nederland, which is singular).
Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where second chamber is the upper house.
Lucan
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain).
See Spain and Lucan
Luisa Roldán
Luisa Ignacia Roldán (8 September 1652 – 10 January 1706), known also as La Roldana, was a Spanish sculptor of the Baroque Era.
Lusitanians
The Lusitanians were an Indo-European-speaking people living in the far west of the Iberian Peninsula, in present-day central Portugal and Extremadura and Castilla y Leon of Spain.
Machinery of government
The machinery of government (sometimes abbreviated as MoG) is the interconnected structures and processes of government, such as the functions and accountability of departments in the executive branch of government.
See Spain and Machinery of government
Madrid–Barajas Airport
Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport is the main international airport serving Madrid, the capital city of Spain.
See Spain and Madrid–Barajas Airport
Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line
The Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line is a standard gauge railway line inaugurated on 20 February 2008.
See Spain and Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line
Magellan expedition
The Magellan expedition, sometimes termed the MagellanElcano expedition, was a 16th-century Spanish expedition planned and led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
See Spain and Magellan expedition
Maghreb
The Maghreb (lit), also known as the Arab Maghreb (اَلْمَغْرِبُ الْعَرَبِيُّ) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world.
Maghrebi Arabic
Maghrebi Arabic (as opposed to Eastern or Mashriqi Arabic), often known as ad-Dārija (الدارجة, meaning 'common/everyday ') to differentiate it from Literary Arabic, is a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb.
Mallorca
Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island of the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain, and the seventh largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
Manchego
Manchego (queso manchego) is a cheese made in the La Mancha region of Spain from the milk of sheep of the Manchega breed.
Manuel Azaña
Manuel Azaña Díaz (10 January 1880 – 3 November 1940) was a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1933 and 1936), organizer of the Popular Front in 1935 and the last President of the Republic (1936–1939).
Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla y Matheu (23 November 187614 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist.
Manuel Fraga
Manuel Fraga Iribarne (23 November 1922 – 15 January 2012) was a Spanish professor and politician during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, who was also one of the founders of the People's Party.
Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo
Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo (3 November 1856 – 19 May 1912) was a Spanish scholar, historian and literary critic.
See Spain and Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo
Marcha Real
The Marcha Real is the national anthem of Spain.
Mariano Rajoy
Mariano Rajoy Brey (born 27 March 1955) is a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 2011 to 2018, when a vote of no confidence ousted his government.
Marinid Sultanate
The Marinid Sultanate was a Berber Muslim empire from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) around Gibraltar.
See Spain and Marinid Sultanate
Martial
Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial; March, between 38 and 41 AD – between 102 and 104 AD) was a Roman poet born in Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan.
Málaga
Málaga is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.
See Spain and Málaga
Málaga Airport
Málaga Airport, officially Málaga–Costa del Sol Airport (Aeropuerto de Málaga-Costa del Sol) since June 2011, is the fourth busiest airport in Spain after Madrid–Barajas, Barcelona and Palma de Mallorca.
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
See Spain and Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Spain and Mediterranean Sea
Melilla
Melilla (script) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast.
Menorca
Menorca or Minorca (from smaller island, later Minorica) is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain.
Meseta Central
The Meseta Central (sometimes referred to in English as Inner Plateau) is one of the basic geographical units of the Iberian Peninsula.
Mester de clerecía
Mester de Clerecía ("Ministry of Clergy") is a Spanish literature genre that can be understood as an opposition and surpassing of Mester de Juglaría.
See Spain and Mester de clerecía
Mester de Juglaría
Mester de juglaría ("Ministry of jongleury") is a Spanish literature genre from the 12th and 13th centuries, transmitted orally by "juglares" who made their living by reciting and singing these stories for the recreations of nobles, rulers, and the general public.
See Spain and Mester de Juglaría
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. Spain and Mexico are member states of the United Nations and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
See Spain and Mexico
Migration Period
The Migration Period (circa 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms.
See Spain and Migration Period
Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was an Early Modern Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.
See Spain and Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes Prize
The Miguel de Cervantes Prize (Premio de Literatura en Lengua Castellana Miguel de Cervantes) is awarded annually to honour the lifetime achievement of an outstanding writer in the Spanish language.
See Spain and Miguel de Cervantes Prize
Miguel Sebastián Gascón
Miguel Sebastián Gascón (Madrid, 13 May 1957) is a Spanish politician and economist.
See Spain and Miguel Sebastián Gascón
Minho (river)
The Minho or Miño (Miniu) is the longest river in the autonomous community of Galicia in Spain, with a length of.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation (MAEUEC) is a department of the Government of Spain in charge of planning, managing, carrying out and evaluating the country's foreign and international cooperation for development policies, paying special attention to the ones in relation to the European Union and Ibero-America, as well as coordinating and supervising all actions done in this areas by the other Ministries and Public Administrations.
See Spain and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)
Mixed economy
A mixed economy is an economic system that accepts both private businesses and nationalized government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education.
Modernism
Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and subjective experience.
Modernisme
Modernisme (Catalan for "modernism"), also known as Catalan modernism and Catalan art nouveau, is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the search of a new entitlement of Catalan culture, one of the most predominant cultures within Spain.
Monarchy of Belgium
Belgium is a constitutional, hereditary and popular monarchy.
See Spain and Monarchy of Belgium
Monarchy of Luxembourg
The Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Groussherzog vu Lëtzebuerg, Grand-duc de Luxembourg, Großherzog von Luxemburg) is the head of state of Luxembourg.
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Monarchy of Norway
The Norwegian monarch is the head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.
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Monarchy of Spain
The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy (Monarquía Española) is the constitutional form of government of Spain.
See Spain and Monarchy of Spain
Monarchy of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the British Constitution.
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Mondragon Corporation
The Mondragon Corporation is a corporation and federation of worker cooperatives based in the Basque region of Spain.
See Spain and Mondragon Corporation
Monte Perdido
Monte Perdido (in Spanish; Mont Perdu in French; Mont Perdito in Aragonese; all three meaning lost mountain) is the third highest mountain in the Pyrenees.
Montserrat Caballé
María de Montserrat Bibiana Concepción Caballé i Folch or Folc (12 April 1933 – 6 October 2018), known simply as Montserrat Caballé (i Folch), was a Spanish operatic soprano from Catalonia.
See Spain and Montserrat Caballé
Moorish architecture
Moorish architecture is a style within Islamic architecture which developed in the western Islamic world, including al-Andalus (on the Iberian peninsula) and what is now Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia (part of the Maghreb).
See Spain and Moorish architecture
Morisco
Moriscos (mouriscos; Spanish for "Moorish") were former Muslims and their descendants whom the Catholic Church and Habsburg Spain commanded to forcibly convert to Christianity or face compulsory exile after Spain outlawed Islam.
Moroccans
Moroccans are the citizens and nationals of the Kingdom of Morocco.
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Spain and Morocco are member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and north African countries.
Mossos d'Esquadra
The Mossos d'Esquadra (Police Squad), also known as the Policia de la Generalitat de Catalunya and informally as Mossos, is the autonomous police force in Catalonia.
See Spain and Mossos d'Esquadra
Motorcycling
Motorcycling is the act of riding a motorcycle.
Mountain
A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock.
Movimiento Nacional
The Movimiento Nacional (National Movement) was a governing institution of Spain established by General Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War in 1937.
See Spain and Movimiento Nacional
Movistar
Movistar is a major telecommunications provider owned by Telefónica, operating in Spain and Hispanic American countries.
Mudéjar art
Mudéjar art, or Mudéjar style, was a type of ornamentation and decoration used in the Iberian Christian kingdoms, primarily between the 13th and 16th centuries.
Muladí
Muladí (muladí,, pl. muladíes; muladi,, pl. muladis; muladita, or muladí,, pl. muladites or muladís; مولد, trans., pl. مولدون, or مولدين) were the native population of the Iberian Peninsula who adopted Islam after the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century.
See Spain and Muladí
Mulhacén
Mulhacén, with an elevation of, is the highest mountain in peninsular Spain and in all of the Iberian Peninsula.
Multi-party system
In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections.
See Spain and Multi-party system
Municipalities of Spain
The municipality (municipio,, municipi, concello, udalerria, conceyu)In other languages of Spain.
See Spain and Municipalities of Spain
Murcia
Murcia is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country.
See Spain and Murcia
Music of Spain
In Spain, music has a long history.
Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, also known as the Arab conquest of Spain, by the Umayyad Caliphate occurred between approximately 711 and the 720s.
See Spain and Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb or Arab conquest of North Africa by the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates commenced in 647 and concluded in 709, when the Byzantine Empire lost its last remaining strongholds to Caliph Al-Walid I. The North African campaigns were part of the century of rapid early Muslim conquests.
See Spain and Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
Name of the Spanish language
The Spanish language has two names: and.
See Spain and Name of the Spanish language
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
National Catholicism
National Catholicism (Spanish: nacionalcatolicismo) was part of the ideological identity of Francoism, the political system through which the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco governed the Spanish State between 1939 and 1975.
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National Day of Spain
The National Day of Spain (help) is a national holiday held annually on 12 October.
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National Statistics Institute (Spain)
The (INE) is the official agency in Spain that collects statistics about demography, economy, and Spanish society.
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Nationalities and regions of Spain
Spain is a diverse country integrated by contrasting entities with varying economic and social structures, languages, and historical, political and cultural traditions.
See Spain and Nationalities and regions of Spain
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
See Spain and NATO
Navarre
Navarre, officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France.
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism, also spelled Neo-classicism, emerged as a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity.
Neutral country
A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).
New World
The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
Nigerians
Nigerians or the Nigerian people are citizens of Nigeria or people with ancestry from Nigeria.
Non-interventionism
Non-interventionism or non-intervention is a political philosophy or national foreign policy doctrine that opposes interference in the domestic politics and affairs of other countries but, in contrast to isolationism, is not necessarily opposed to international commitments in general.
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Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant (NPP) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
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Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.
Nueva Planta decrees
The Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta, Decrets de Nova Planta, "Decrees of the New Plant") were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V, the first Bourbon King of Spain, during and shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht.
See Spain and Nueva Planta decrees
Oath of office
An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before assuming the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations.
Occitan language
Occitan (occitan), also known as (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, sometimes also referred to as Provençal, is a Romance language spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran in Catalonia; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania.
See Spain and Occitan language
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained by pressing whole olives, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, and extracting the oil.
Olivenza
Olivenza or Olivença is a town in southwestern Spain, close to the Portugal–Spain border.
Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera.
Order of Charles III
The Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III, originally Royal and Much Distinguished Order of Charles III (Real y Distinguida Orden Española de Carlos III, originally Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III; Abbr.: OC3) is a knighthood and one of the three preeminent orders of merit bestowed by the Kingdom of Spain, alongside the Order of Isabella the Catholic (established in 1815) and the Order of Civil Merit (established in 1926).
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Order of Isabella the Catholic
The Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic (Real Orden de Isabel la Católica; Abbr.: OYC) is a knighthood and one of the three preeminent orders of merit bestowed by the Kingdom of Spain, alongside the Order of Charles III (established in 1771) and the Order of Civil Merit (established in 1926).
See Spain and Order of Isabella the Catholic
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece (Insigne Orden del Toisón de Oro, Orden vom Goldenen Vlies) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to Isabella of Portugal.
See Spain and Order of the Golden Fleece
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia.
See Spain and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Organization of Ibero-American States
The Organization of Ibero-American States (Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos, Organização de Estados Iberoamericanos, Organització d'Estats Iberoamericans; abbreviated as OEI), formally the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture, is an international organization made up of 23 members states of Iberophone nations in Europe and the Americas, as well as one member in Africa.
See Spain and Organization of Ibero-American States
Orography
Orography is the study of the topographic relief of mountains, and can more broadly include hills, and any part of a region's elevated terrain.
Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid
The Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid (unofficial English name, Madrid Symphony Orchestra), founded in 1903, is a Spanish symphony orchestra.
See Spain and Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Ottoman–Habsburg wars
The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th to the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy, which was at times supported by the Kingdom of Hungary, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Habsburg Spain.
See Spain and Ottoman–Habsburg wars
Outline of Spain
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Spain: Spain – sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe.
See Spain and Outline of Spain
Oviedo
Oviedo or Uviéu (Asturian) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region.
See Spain and Oviedo
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Spain and Oxford University Press
Pablo Casals
Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan:; 29 December 187622 October 1973), known in English by his Spanish name Pablo Casals,, The New York Times, 1911-04-09, retrieved 1 August 2009 was a Spanish and Puerto Rican cellist, composer, and conductor.
Pablo de Sarasate
Pablo Martín Melitón de Sarasate y Navascués (10 March 1844 – 20 September 1908), commonly known as Pablo de Sarasate, was a Spanish (Navarrese) violinist, composer and conductor of the Romantic period.
See Spain and Pablo de Sarasate
Pablo Gargallo
Pablo Emilio or Pau Emili Gargallo (5 January 1881 – 28 December 1934), known simply as Pau or Pablo Gargallo, was a Spanish sculptor and painter.
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France.
Paella
Paella is a rice dish originally from the Valencian Community.
See Spain and Paella
Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía
Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía (Palacio de las Artes Reina Sofía; anglicised as "Queen Sofía Palace of the Arts") is an opera house, performing arts centre, and urban landmark designed by Santiago Calatrava to anchor the northwest end of the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain.
See Spain and Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía
Palma de Mallorca
Palma, also known as Palma de Mallorca (officially between 1983 and 1988, 2006–2008, and 2012–2016), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain.
See Spain and Palma de Mallorca
Pamplona
Pamplona (Iruña) is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain.
Pan's Labyrinth
Pan's Labyrinth (lit) is a 2006 dark fantasy film written, directed and co-produced by Guillermo del Toro.
Pardon
A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction.
See Spain and Pardon
Parliament of Catalonia
The Parliament of Catalonia (Parlament de Catalunya,; Parlamento de Cataluña; Parlament de Catalonha) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia.
See Spain and Parliament of Catalonia
Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
See Spain and Parliamentary system
Peace of Basel
The Peace of Basel of 1795 consists of three peace treaties involving France during the French Revolution (represented by François de Barthélemy).
Peace treaty
A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties.
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera
() is a Spanish exclave and rocky tidal island in the western Mediterranean Sea connected to the Moroccan shore by a sandy isthmus.
See Spain and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera
Pedro Calderón de la Barca
Pedro Calderón de la Barca (17 January 160025 May 1681) (full name: Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño) was a Spanish dramatist, poet, and writer.
See Spain and Pedro Calderón de la Barca
Pedro de Mena
Pedro de Mena y Medrano (August 1628 - 13 October 1688) was a Spanish sculptor.
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.
Peninsulares
In the context of the Spanish Empire, a peninsular (pl. peninsulares) was a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea.
People's Party (Spain)
The People's Party (Partido Popular; known mostly by its acronym, PP) is a conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Spain.
See Spain and People's Party (Spain)
Perejil Island
Perejil Island,(Isla de Perejil, Tura or Toṛa, translit) also known as Parsley Island, is a small, uninhabited rocky islet located off the coast of Morocco.
Peter Lang (publisher)
Peter Lang is an academic publisher specializing in the humanities and social sciences.
See Spain and Peter Lang (publisher)
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
See Spain and Pew Research Center
Pheasant Island
Pheasant Island (Île des Faisans/Île de la Conférence, Isla de los Faisanes, Konpantzia, Faisaien Uhartea Konferentziako Uhartea) is an uninhabited river island located in the Bidasoa river, located between France and Spain, whose administration alternates between the two nations every 6 months.
Philip II of Spain
Philip II (21 May 152713 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent (Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598.
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Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution was a war of independence waged by the revolutionary organization Katipunan against the Spanish Empire from 1896 to 1898.
See Spain and Philippine Revolution
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Spain and Philippines are member states of the United Nations.
Phoenician language
Phoenician (Phoenician) is an extinct Canaanite Semitic language originally spoken in the region surrounding the cities of Tyre and Sidon.
See Spain and Phoenician language
Phys.org
Phys.org is an online science, research and technology news aggregator offering briefs from press releases and reports from news agencies.
Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, phytón.
Pityusic Islands
The Pityusic Islands, often referenced simply as the Pityuses (Pitiüses, Pitiusas; from the Greek πιτύα pitýa, pine tree), or commonly but informally (and ambiguously) as the Pine Islands, is the name given collectively to the Balearic Islands of Ibiza (Catalan: Eivissa), Formentera, S'Espalmador and other small islets in the Mediterranean Sea.
See Spain and Pityusic Islands
Plateau
In geology and physical geography, a plateau (plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side.
Plazas de soberanía
The plazas de soberanía (lit. "strongholds of sovereignty") are a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco in Africa, or that are closer to Africa than Europe.
See Spain and Plazas de soberanía
Plácido Domingo
José Plácido Domingo Embil (born 21 January 1941) is a Spanish opera singer, conductor, and arts administrator.
Plus ultra
Plus ultra ("Further beyond") is a Latin phrase and the national motto of Spain.
Polbo á feira
Polbo á feira (literally meaning "fair-style octopus", pulpo a la gallega in Spanish, meaning Galician-style octopus)', is a traditional Galician dish.
Policía Foral
The Chartered Police of Navarre (Policía Foral de Navarra, Nafarroako Foruzaingoa) is the autonomous police force for the chartered autonomous community of Navarre in Spain, largely replacing the Spanish Policía Nacional (National Police) and Guardia Civil (Civil Guard).
Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina
The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina), also known as Catholic University of Argentina (Universidad Católica Argentina.; UCA), is a private university in Argentina with campuses in the cities of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Rosario, Paraná, Mendoza and Pergamino.
See Spain and Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina
Population growth
Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group.
See Spain and Population growth
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. Spain and Portugal are countries in Europe, Iberian Peninsula countries, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, north African countries and OECD members.
Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Spain and Portuguese language
Portuguese Restoration War
The Restoration War (Guerra da Restauração), historically known as the Acclamation War (Guerra da Aclamação), was the war between Portugal and Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union.
See Spain and Portuguese Restoration War
Pre-Romanesque art and architecture
Pre-Romanesque art and architecture is the period in European art from either, the emergence of the Merovingian kingdom in about 500 AD or from the Carolingian Renaissance in the late 8th century, to the beginning of the 11th century Romanesque period.
See Spain and Pre-Romanesque art and architecture
Precious metal
Precious metals are rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical elements of high economic value.
Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde
Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde are a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) transboundary World Heritage Site, located in the Côa Valley of Portugal and Siega Verde, Spain.
See Spain and Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde
Premio Planeta de Novela
The Premio Planeta de Novela is a Spanish literary prize, awarded since 1952 by the Spanish publisher Grupo Planeta to an original unpublished novel written in Spanish.
See Spain and Premio Planeta de Novela
Prestige oil spill
The Prestige oil spill occurred off the coast of Galicia, Spain in November 2002, caused by the sinking of the 26-year-old, structurally deficient oil tanker, carrying 77,000 tonnes of heavy fuel oil.
See Spain and Prestige oil spill
Prime Minister of Spain
The prime minister of Spain, officially president of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno), is the head of government of Spain.
See Spain and Prime Minister of Spain
Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative.
Proclamation
A proclamation (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement) is an official declaration issued by a person of authority to make certain announcements known.
Programme for International Student Assessment
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading.
See Spain and Programme for International Student Assessment
Promulgation
Promulgation is the formal proclamation or the declaration that a new statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final approval.
Proportional representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body.
See Spain and Proportional representation
Protection racket
A protection racket is a type of racket and a scheme of organized crime perpetrated by a potentially hazardous organized crime group that generally guarantees protection outside the sanction of the law to another entity or individual from violence, robbery, ransacking, arson, vandalism, and other such threats, in exchange for payments at regular intervals.
See Spain and Protection racket
Province of Girona
The Province of Girona is a province in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
See Spain and Province of Girona
Provinces of Spain
A province in Spain.
See Spain and Provinces of Spain
Public policy
Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs.
Public service
A public service or service of general (economic) interest is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community.
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain.
Quaternary glaciation
The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and is ongoing.
See Spain and Quaternary glaciation
Queen regnant
A queen regnant (queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank, title and position to a king.
Quintilian
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (35 – 100 AD) was a Roman educator and rhetorician born in Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing.
Rabbit
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas).
See Spain and Rabbit
Rafael Moneo
José Rafael Moneo Vallés (born 9 May 1937) is a Spanish architect.
Ramiro I of Asturias
Ramiro I (– 1 February 850) was king of Asturias (modern-day Spain) from 842 until his death in 850.
See Spain and Ramiro I of Asturias
Ratification
Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent.
Raymond Carr
Sir Albert Raymond Maillard Carr (11 April 1919 – 19 April 2015) was an English historian specialising in the history of Spain, Latin America, and Sweden.
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF), located on the Calle de Alcalá in the centre of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery.
See Spain and Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Real Madrid CF
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, commonly referred to as Real Madrid, is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid.
Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571)
The second rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571), sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region and on the Granada Altiplano region, northeast of the city of Granada.
See Spain and Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571)
Reconquista
The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for "reconquest") or the reconquest of al-Andalus was the successful series of military campaigns that European Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by the Umayyad Caliphate.
Reconquista (Spanish America)
In the struggle for the independence of Spanish America, the Reconquista refers to the period of Colombian and Chilean history, following the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, during which royalist armies were able to gain the upper hand in the Spanish American wars of independence.
See Spain and Reconquista (Spanish America)
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Regionalist League of Catalonia
Regionalist League of Catalonia (Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya,; 1901–1936) was a right wing political party of Catalonia, Spain.
See Spain and Regionalist League of Catalonia
Religion in Spain
The Catholic branch of Christianity is the most widely professed religion in Spain, with high levels of secularization.
See Spain and Religion in Spain
Renaixença
The Renaixença (also written Renaixensa before spelling standardisation), or Catalan Renaissance, was a romantic revivalist movement in Catalan language and culture through the mid 19th century, akin to the Galician Rexurdimento or the Occitan Félibrige movements.
Renewable energy commercialization
Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years.
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Renfe Class 103
The Renfe Class 103 is a high-speed train used for the AVE service and operated in Spain by the state-run railway company RENFE.
Representative democracy
Representative democracy (also called electoral democracy or indirect democracy) is a type of democracy where representatives are elected by the public.
See Spain and Representative democracy
Repsol
Repsol S.A., El Nuevo Herald, 2012-05-31Originally an initialism for Refinería de Petróleos de Escombreras adding the word Sol (Sun) is a Spanish multinational energy and petrochemical company based in Madrid.
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Reserve power
In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government, a reserve power, also known as discretionary power, is a power that may be exercised by the head of state (or their representative) without the approval of another branch or part of the government.
Restoration (Spain)
The Restoration (Restauración) or Bourbon Restoration (Restauración borbónica) was the period in Spanish history between the First Spanish Republic and the Second Spanish Republic from 1874 to 1931.
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Ricardo Bofill
Ricardo Bofill Leví (5 December 1939 – 14 January 2022) was a Spanish architect from Barcelona, Spain.
Ricardo Viñes
Ricardo Viñes y Roda (Ricard Viñes i Roda,; 5 February 1875 – 29 April 1943) was a Spanish pianist.
Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
The Roman Republic conquered and occupied territories in the Iberian Peninsula that were previously under the control of native Celtic, Iberian, Celtiberian and Aquitanian tribes and the Carthaginian Empire.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
Roman roads
Roman roads (viae Romanae; singular: via Romana; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.
Romance languages
The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin.
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Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
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Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spelling: Roumanian; limba română, or românește) is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova.
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Romanization
In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so.
Romanticism in Spanish literature
Romanticism arrived late and lasted only for a short but intense period, since in the second half of the 19th century it was supplanted by Realism, whose nature was antithetical to that of Romantic literature.
See Spain and Romanticism in Spanish literature
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Royal Academy of History
| native_language.
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Royal assent
Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf.
Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of kings/queens, emirs/emiras, sultans/sultanas, or raja/rani and sometimes their extended family.
Royal Spanish Academy
The Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española, generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language.
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Running of the bulls
A running of the bulls (encierro, from the verb encerrar, 'to corral, to enclose'; abrivado, literally 'haste, momentum'; bous al carrer 'bulls in the street', or correbous 'bull-runner') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of bulls, typically sixFiske-Harrison, Alexander (editor), Mephisto Press, 2018 but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on sectioned-off streets in a town, usually as part of a summertime festival.
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Rural tourism
Rural tourism is a form of tourism that focuses on actively participating in a rural lifestyle.
Sacrosanctity
Sacrosanctity (lit) or inviolability is the declaration of physical inviolability of a place (particularly temples and city walls), a sacred object, or a person.
Salvador Dalí
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí of Púbol (11 May 190423 January 1989), known as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.
Same-sex marriage in Spain
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Spain since July 3, 2005.
See Spain and Same-sex marriage in Spain
San Sebastián
San Sebastián, officially known by the bilingual name Donostia / San Sebastián, is a city and municipality located in the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain.
San Sebastián International Film Festival
The San Sebastián International Film Festival (SSIFF; Festival Internacional de San Sebastián, Donostia Zinemaldia) is an annual FIAPF A category film festival held in the Spanish city of Donostia-San Sebastián in September, in the Basque Country.
See Spain and San Sebastián International Film Festival
Santiago Calatrava
Santiago Calatrava Valls (born 28 July 1951) is a Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons, and his railway stations, stadiums, and museums, whose sculptural forms often resemble living organisms.
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Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (Sarmatai; Latin: Sarmatae) were a large confederation of ancient Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic steppe from about the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD.
Savage Islands
The Savage Islands or Selvagens Islands (Ilhas Selvagens; also known as the Salvage Islands) are a small Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Madeira and north of the Canary Islands.
Sónar
Sónar is a festival dedicated to music, creativity and technology, founded in Barcelona in 1994 by Ricard Robles, Enric Palau, and Sergi Caballero.
See Spain and Sónar
Schmalkaldic War
The Schmalkaldic War (Schmalkaldischer Krieg) was the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (simultaneously King Charles I of Spain), commanded by the Duke of Alba and the Duke of Saxony, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire.
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School of Salamanca
The School of Salamanca (Escuela de Salamanca) is an intellectual movement of 16th-century and 17th-century Iberian Scholastic theologians rooted in the intellectual and pedagogical work of Francisco de Vitoria.
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Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the era of "New Imperialism" (1833–1914): Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
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Second Punic War
The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC.
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Second Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939.
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Secular state
A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion.
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.
Segura (river)
Segura (Spanish and Valencian:; Thader; Shaqūrah, or وادي الأبيض) is a medium-sized river in southeastern Spain.
Semi-arid climate
A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type.
See Spain and Semi-arid climate
Senate of Spain
The Senate (Senado) is the upper house of the, which along with the Congress of Deputies – the lower chamber – comprises the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain.
Seneca the Younger
Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (AD 65), usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, dramatist, and in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.
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Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually law-making, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each.
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Seville
Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville.
Shinkansen
The, colloquially known in English as the bullet train, is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan.
Sierra Morena
The Sierra Morena is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
Sierra Nevada (Spain)
Sierra Nevada (meaning "snow-covered mountain range") is a mountain range in the Andalusian province of Granada in Spain.
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Silent film
A silent film is a film without synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue).
Sistema Central
The Central System, Spanish and Sistema Central, is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in the Iberian Peninsula.
Skiing
Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow for basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport.
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Snap election
A snap election is an election that is called earlier than the one that has been scheduled.
Solar power in Spain
Spain is one of the first countries to deploy large-scale solar photovoltaics, and is the world leader in concentrated solar power (CSP) production.
See Spain and Solar power in Spain
Sound film
A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.
Southern Europe
Southern Europe is the southern region of Europe.
Sovereign immunity
Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine whereby a sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution, strictly speaking in modern texts in its own courts.
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority.
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Spain during World War II
During World War II, the Spanish State under Francisco Franco espoused neutrality as its official wartime policy.
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Spain national football team
The Spain national football team (Selección Española de Fútbol) has represented Spain in men's international football competitions since 1920.
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Spain national futsal team
The Spain national futsal team represents Spain in international futsal competitions and is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation.
See Spain and Spain national futsal team
Spain women's national football team
The Spain women's national football team, officially known as the Spain national football team (Selección Española de Fútbol), has represented Spain in international women's football competitions since 1980.
See Spain and Spain women's national football team
Spania
Spania (Provincia Spaniae) was a province of the Eastern Roman Empire from 552 until 624 in the south of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.
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Spaniards
Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a people native to Spain.
Spanish Air and Space Force
The Spanish Air and Space Force (SASF) (Army of the Air and Space) is the aerial and space warfare branch of the Spanish Armed Forces.
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Spanish America
Spanish America refers to the Spanish territories in the Americas during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
Spanish architecture
Spanish architecture refers to architecture in any area of what is now Spain, and by Spanish architects worldwide.
See Spain and Spanish architecture
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada (often known as Invincible Armada, or the Enterprise of England, lit) was a Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588, commanded by Alonso de Guzmán, Duke of Medina Sidonia, an aristocrat without previous naval experience appointed by Philip II of Spain.
Spanish Armed Forces
The Spanish Armed Forces are in charge of guaranteeing the sovereignty and independence of the Kingdom of Spain, defending its territorial integrity and the constitutional order, according to the functions entrusted to them by the Constitution of 1978.
See Spain and Spanish Armed Forces
Spanish Army
The Spanish Army (lit) is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations.
Spanish art
Spanish art has been an important contributor to Western art and Spain has produced many famous and influential artists including Velázquez, Goya and Picasso.
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.
See Spain and Spanish Civil War
Spanish Constitution of 1812
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz (Constitución de Cádiz) and as La Pepa, was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history.
See Spain and Spanish Constitution of 1812
Spanish Constitution of 1931
The Spanish Constitution of 1931 was approved by the Constituent Assembly on 9 December 1931.
See Spain and Spanish Constitution of 1931
Spanish cuisine
Spanish cuisine consists of the traditions and practices of Spanish cooking.
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976.
Spanish Golden Age
The Spanish Golden Age (Spanish: Siglo de Oro ˈsiɣlo ðe ˈoɾo, "Golden Century") was a period that coincided with the political rise of the Spanish Empire under the Catholic Monarchs of Spain and the Spanish Habsburgs.
See Spain and Spanish Golden Age
Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.
See Spain and Spanish Inquisition
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
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Spanish literature
Spanish literature generally refers to literature (Spanish poetry, prose, and drama) written in the Spanish language within the territory that presently constitutes the Kingdom of Spain.
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Spanish Main
During the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the Spanish Main was the collective term for the parts of the Spanish Empire that were on the mainland of the Americas and had coastlines on the Caribbean Sea or Gulf of Mexico.
Spanish March
The Spanish March or Hispanic March was a military buffer zone established c.795 by Charlemagne in the eastern Pyrenees and nearby areas, to protect the new territories of the Christian Carolingian Empire - the Duchy of Gascony, the Duchy of Aquitaine, and Septimania - from the Muslim Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus.
Spanish miracle
The Spanish miracle (el milagro español) refers to a period of exceptionally rapid development and growth across all major areas of economic activity in Spain during the latter part of the Francoist regime, 1959 to 1974, in which GDP averaged a 6.5 percent growth rate per year, and was itself part of a much longer period of an above average GDP growth rate from 1951 to 2007.
Spanish National Orchestra
The Orquesta Nacional de España (Spanish National Orchestra) is a Spanish orchestra based in Madrid.
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Spanish National Research Council
The Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC) is the largest public institution dedicated to research in Spain and the third largest in Europe.
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Spanish nationality law
The Spanish nationality legal framework refers to all the laws, provisions, regulations, and resolutions in Spain concerning nationality.
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Spanish Navy
The Spanish Navy or officially, the Armada, is the maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world.
Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood, the Order of the Golden Fleece, Order of Charles III and Order of Isabella the Catholic.
See Spain and Spanish nobility
Spanish peseta
The peseta was the currency of Spain between 1868 and 2002.
Spanish poetry
This article concerns poetry in Spain.
Spanish property bubble
The Spanish property bubble is the collapsed overshooting part of a long-term price increase of Spanish real estate prices.
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Spanish Realist literature
Spanish Realist literature is the literature written in Spain during the second half of the 19th century, following the Realist movement which predominated in Europe.
See Spain and Spanish Realist literature
Spanish Revolution of 1936
The Spanish Revolution was a workers' social revolution that began at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and for two to three years resulted in the widespread implementation of anarchist and, more broadly, libertarian socialist organizational principles throughout various portions of the country, primarily Catalonia, Aragon, Andalusia, and parts of the Valencian Community.
See Spain and Spanish Revolution of 1936
Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences
The Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences (Spanish: Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales) is an academic institution and learned society that was founded in Madrid in 1847.
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Spanish royal family
The Spanish royal family constitutes the Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon (Casa de Borbón), also known as the House of Bourbon-Anjou (Casa de Borbón-Anjou).
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Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources.
See Spain and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
Spanish transition to democracy
The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición or la Transición española, is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
See Spain and Spanish transition to democracy
Spanish–American War
The Spanish–American War (April 21 – December 10, 1898) began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
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Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
See Spain and Stanford University Press
Status of Gibraltar
Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory, located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, is the subject of a territorial claim by Spain.
See Spain and Status of Gibraltar
Statute of autonomy
Nominally, a statute of autonomy (estatuto de autonomía, estatut d'autonomia, estatuto de autonomía, estatutu d'autonomía, autonomia estatutua) is a law hierarchically located under the constitution of a country and, usually, over any other form of legislation.
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Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
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Strait of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa.
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Stucco
Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates, a binder, and water.
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
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Suebi
The Suebi (also spelled Suevi) or Suebians were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic.
See Spain and Suebi
Supreme Court of Spain
The Supreme Court (TS) is the highest court in the Kingdom of Spain.
See Spain and Supreme Court of Spain
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. Spain and Switzerland are countries in Europe, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Tagus
The Tagus (Tajo; Tejo) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula.
See Spain and Tagus
Taifa
The taifas (from طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if, meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031.
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Talgo
Talgo (officially Patentes Talgo, SAU) is a Spanish manufacturer of intercity, standard, and high-speed passenger trains.
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Tarifit
Tarifit Berber, also known as Riffian or locally as Tamazight (italics) is a Zenati Berber language spoken in the Rif region in northern Morocco.
Tartessos
Tartessos (Tartesos) is, as defined by archaeological discoveries, a historical civilization settled in the southern Iberian Peninsula characterized by its mixture of local Paleohispanic and Phoenician traits.
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
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Teatro Arriaga
The Arriaga antzokia in Basque or Teatro Arriaga in Spanish is an opera house in Bilbao, Spain.
Teatro Real
The Teatro Real (Royal Opera of Madrid) is an opera house in Madrid, Spain.
Teide
Teide, or Mount Teide, (El Teide, Pico del Teide.,, "Peak of Teide") is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain.
See Spain and Teide
Telefónica
, S.A. is a Spanish multinational telecommunications company with registered office and headquarters located in two different places, both in Madrid, Spain.
Telephone numbers in Spain
The Spanish telephone numbering plan is the allocation of telephone numbers in Spain.
See Spain and Telephone numbers in Spain
Tenerife
Tenerife (formerly spelled Teneriffe) is the largest and most populous island of the Canary Islands.
Teresa Berganza
Teresa Berganza Vargas OAXS (16 March 1933 – 13 May 2022) was a Spanish mezzo-soprano.
TGV
The TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse,, "high-speed train"; formerly TurboTrain à Grande Vitesse) is France's intercity high-speed rail service, operated mainly by SNCF.
See Spain and TGV
The Book of Good Love
The Book of Good Love (El libro de buen amor), considered to be one of the masterpieces of Spanish poetry, is a pseudo-biographical account of romantic adventures by Juan Ruiz, the Archpriest of Hita, the earliest version of which dates from 1330; the author completed it with revisions and expansions in 1343.
See Spain and The Book of Good Love
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is the largest Latter Day Saint denomination, tracing its roots to its founding by Joseph Smith during the Second Great Awakening.
See Spain and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Local
The Local is a multi-regional, European, English-language digital news publisher with local editions in Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Theodosius I
Theodosius I (Θεοδόσιος; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395.
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.
See Spain and Thirty Years' War
Tirant lo Blanch
Tirant lo Blanch (modern spelling: Tirant lo Blanc), in English Tirant the White, is a chivalric romance written by the Valencian knight Joanot Martorell, finished posthumously by his friend Martí Joan de Galba and published in the city of Valencia in 1490 as an incunabulum edition.
See Spain and Tirant lo Blanch
Tirso de Molina
Gabriel Téllez (24 March 1583 20 February 1648), also known as Tirso de Molina, was a Spanish Baroque dramatist, poet, and Roman Catholic monk.
Toledo, Spain
Toledo is a city and municipality of Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and the de jure seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha.
Total fertility rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life.
See Spain and Total fertility rate
Trade route
A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo.
Tragic Week (Spain)
Tragic Week (in Catalan la Setmana Tràgica, in Spanish la Semana Trágica) (25 July – 2 August 1909) was a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and anarchists, freemasons, socialists and republicans of Barcelona and other cities in Catalonia, Spain, during the last week of July 1909.
See Spain and Tragic Week (Spain)
Trajan
Trajan (born Marcus Ulpius Traianus, adopted name Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 53) was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117, remembered as the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty.
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Treaty
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement concluded by sovereign states in international law.
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Treaty of Granada (1491)
The Treaty of Granada, also known as the Surrender of Granada or the Capitulations, was signed and ratified on November 25, 1491, between Boabdil, the sultan of Granada, and Ferdinand and Isabella, the King and Queen of Castile, León, Aragon and Sicily.
See Spain and Treaty of Granada (1491)
Tropical climate
Tropical climate is the first of the five major climate groups in the Köppen climate classification identified with the letter A. Tropical climates are defined by a monthly average temperature of or higher in the coolest month, featuring hot temperatures and high humidity all year-round.
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Tuna pot
Tuna pot, marmitako in Basque Country and marmita, marmite or sorropotún in Cantabria is a fish stew that was eaten on tuna fishing boats in the Cantabrian Sea.
Turia (river)
The Turia or Túria (Valencian:; from Tūria) is a river in Spain, which has its source in the Montes Universales in the mountain ranges of the northwesternmost end of the Sistema Ibérico, Teruel province.
UEFA European Championship
The UEFA European Football Championship, less formally the European Championship and informally the Euro or Euros, is the primary association football tournament organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA).
See Spain and UEFA European Championship
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Spain and Umayyad Caliphate
UN Tourism
UN Tourism (UNWTO until 2023) is a specialized agency of the United Nations which promotes responsible, sustainable and universally-accessible tourism.
Unión General de Trabajadores
The Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT, General Union of Workers) is a major Spanish trade union, historically affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
See Spain and Unión General de Trabajadores
Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.
Unitary state
A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Spain and United Nations Development Programme
University of Cádiz
The University of Cádiz (in Spanish: Universidad de Cádiz), commonly referred to as UCA, is a public university located in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain, noted for its medicine and marine sciences curricula.
See Spain and University of Cádiz
University of Valencia
The University of Valencia (Universitat de València), shortened to UV, is a public research university located in the city of Valencia, Spain.
See Spain and University of Valencia
University of Zulia
The University of Zulia (La Universidad del Zulia, also known as LUZ literally meaning "light" in Spanish), is a public university whose main campus is located in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.
Valencia
Valencia (officially in Valencian: València) is the capital of the province and autonomous community of the same name in Spain.
Valencia Fallas
The Fallas (Falles; Fallas) is a traditional celebration held annually in commemoration of Saint Joseph in the city of Valencia, Spain.
Valencian language
Valencian (valencià) or the Valencian language (llengua valenciana) is the official, historical and traditional name used in the Valencian Community of Spain to refer to the Romance language also known as Catalan, 20 minutos, 7 January 2008.
See Spain and Valencian language
Valencian pilota
Valencian pilota (pilota valenciana "Valencian ball") is a traditional handball sport played in the Valencian Community.
See Spain and Valencian pilota
Valladolid
Valladolid is a municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León.
Vandals
The Vandals were a Germanic people who first inhabited what is now southern Poland.
Vernacular architecture
Vernacular architecture (also folk architecture) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance.
See Spain and Vernacular architecture
Veto
A veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action.
See Spain and Veto
Vettones
The Vettones (Greek: Ouettones) were an Iron Age pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula.
Vigo
Vigo is a city and municipality in the province of Pontevedra, within the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain.
See Spain and Vigo
Vikings
Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.
Vinaixa
Vinaixa is a municipality in the region of Les Garrigues, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
Visigothic Kingdom
The Visigothic Kingdom, Visigothic Spain or Kingdom of the Goths (Regnum Gothorum) occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries.
See Spain and Visigothic Kingdom
Visigoths
The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity.
Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Volver
Volver (meaning "to go back") is a 2006 Spanish comedy-drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar.
See Spain and Volver
War of the First Coalition
The War of the First Coalition (Guerre de la Première Coalition) was a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797, initially against the constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French Republic that succeeded it.
See Spain and War of the First Coalition
War of the Portuguese Succession
The War of the Portuguese Succession, a result of the extinction of the Portuguese royal line after the Battle of Alcácer Quibir and the ensuing Portuguese succession crisis of 1580, was fought from 1580 to 1583 between the two main claimants to the Portuguese throne: António, Prior of Crato, proclaimed in several towns as King of Portugal, and his first cousin Philip II of Spain, who eventually succeeded in claiming the crown, reigning as Philip I of Portugal.
See Spain and War of the Portuguese Succession
War of the Pyrenees
The War of the Pyrenees, also known as War of Roussillon or War of the Convention, was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic.
See Spain and War of the Pyrenees
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714.
See Spain and War of the Spanish Succession
Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe.
Western European Summer Time
Western European Summer Time (WEST, UTC+01:00) is a summer daylight saving time scheme, 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time and Coordinated Universal Time.
See Spain and Western European Summer Time
Western European Time
Western European Time (WET, UTC±00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe and consists of countries using UTC±00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, abbreviated GMT).
See Spain and Western European Time
Women's suffrage
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections.
See Spain and Women's suffrage
Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids.
See Spain and Wool
Worker cooperative
A worker cooperative is a cooperative owned and self-managed by its workers.
See Spain and Worker cooperative
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Spain and World Health Organization
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Spain and World Heritage Site
World Tourism rankings
The World Tourism rankings are compiled by the United Nations World Tourism Organization as part of their World Tourism Barometer publication, which is released up to six times per year.
See Spain and World Tourism rankings
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade.
See Spain and World Trade Organization
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Writ of summons
A writ of summons is a formal document issued by the monarch that enables someone to sit in a Parliament under the United Kingdom's Westminster system.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Spain and Yale University Press
Zaragoza
Zaragoza also known in English as Saragossa,Encyclopædia Britannica is the capital city of the province of Zaragoza and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.
.cat
.cat (pronounced in Catalan: punt cat) is a sponsored top-level domain intended to be used to highlight the Catalan language.
See Spain and .cat
.es
.es (españa) is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Spain.
See Spain and .es
.eu
.eu is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the European Union (EU).
See Spain and .eu
.gal
.gal is a GeoTLD intended to highlight the Galician people, Galician language, and Galician culture.
See Spain and .gal
1931 Spanish general election
The 1931 Spanish general election for the Constituent Cortes was the first such election held in the Second Republic.
See Spain and 1931 Spanish general election
1977 Atocha massacre
The 1977 Atocha massacre was an attack by right-wing extremists in the center of Madrid on 24 January 1977, which saw the assassination of five labor activists from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and the workers' federation ''Comisiones Obreras'' (CC.OO).
See Spain and 1977 Atocha massacre
1977 Spanish general election
The 1977 Spanish general election was held on Wednesday, 15 June 1977, to elect the Spanish Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain.
See Spain and 1977 Spanish general election
1981 Spanish coup attempt
A coup d'état was attempted in Spain in February 1981 by elements of the Civil Guard and the Spanish military.
See Spain and 1981 Spanish coup attempt
1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum
A referendum on the Spanish NATO membership was held in Spain on Wednesday, 12 March 1986.
See Spain and 1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum
1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympics (Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Spain and 1992 Summer Olympics
1992 Summer Paralympics
The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held.
See Spain and 1992 Summer Paralympics
2004 Madrid train bombings
The 2004 Madrid train bombings (also known in Spain as 11M) were a series of coordinated, nearly simultaneous bombings against the Cercanías commuter train system of Madrid, Spain, on the morning of 11 March 2004—three days before Spain's general elections.
See Spain and 2004 Madrid train bombings
2004 Spanish general election
The 2004 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 14 March 2004, to elect the 8th of the Kingdom of Spain.
See Spain and 2004 Spanish general election
2010 FIFA World Cup
The 2010 FIFA World Cup was the 19th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national football teams.
See Spain and 2010 FIFA World Cup
44th parallel north
The 44th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Spain and 44th parallel north
5th meridian east
The meridian 5° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Spain and 5th meridian east
See also
Iberian Peninsula countries
Member states of NATO
- Albania
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Canada and NATO
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- Finland and NATO
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Member states of NATO
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- North Macedonia and NATO
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Romania and NATO
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Sweden and NATO
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
Member states of the European Union
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Danish Realm
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- List of European Union member states by political system
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Member state of the European Union
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Ireland
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Albania
- Algeria
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Denmark
- Egypt
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Israel
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Tunisia
- Turkey
North African countries
- Algeria
- Egypt
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Morocco
- Portugal
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Spain
- Sudan
- Tunisia
- Western Sahara
OECD members
- Australia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Canada
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Italy
- Japan
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Ireland
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- South Korea
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
Spanish-speaking countries and territories
- Alta California
- Andorra
- Argentina
- Belize
- Bolivia
- Captaincy General of Chile
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Captaincy General of Guatemala
- Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
- Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
- Captaincy General of Venezuela
- Captaincy General of Yucatán
- Captaincy General of the Philippines
- Chile
- Colombia
- Colony of Santiago
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Guatemala
- Hispanidad
- Honduras
- Insular Government of Porto Rico
- Intendancy of San Salvador
- List of countries and territories where Spanish is an official language
- Mexico
- New Spain
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Province of Las Californias
- Provincias Internas
- Puerto Rico
- Republic of Texas
- Republic of Yucatán
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Spain
- Spanish West Indies
- Upper Peru
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- Viceroyalty of New Granada
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
- Western Sahara
States and territories established in 1715
- Csongrád County (former)
- Isle de France (Mauritius)
- Somogy County (former)
- Spain
- Zala County (former)
States and territories established in 1978
- Braunschweig (region)
- Communes of Ivory Coast
- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
- Dominica
- Geldermalsen
- Holguín Province
- Kendari
- Solomon Islands
- Spain
- Tuvalu
- Weser-Ems
References
Also known as Espagna, Espainia, Espainiako Erresuma, España, Espanha, Espania, Espanya, Espańa, Etymology of Spain, ISO 3166-1:ES, Islands of Spain, Kingdom of Spain, Kingdom of the Spains, Mountains of Spain, Name of Spain, Regne d'Espanha, Regne d'Espanya, Reiaume d'Espanha, Reino de España, Republica de españa, Spaniens, Spanish Kingdom, Spein, اسبانيا.
, Atheism, Atlantic Ocean, Audience (meeting), Aurignacian, Autonomous communities of Spain, Axis powers, Badajoz, Baetic System, Ballista, Bank of Spain, Barcelona, Barcelona Symphony Orchestra and National Orchestra of Catalonia, Baroque, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Basketball in Spain, Basque cuisine, Basque language, Basque nationalism, Basque Nationalist Party, Basque pelota, Basques, Battle of Lepanto, Battle of the Downs, Battle of Vila Franca do Campo, Bay of Biscay, BBC News, Belgium, Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, Benito Pérez Galdós, BESCAM, Bicameralism, Bidasoa, Bilbao, Biotope, Blue Division, Boletín Oficial del Estado, Bourbon Reforms, British Overseas Territories, Buñol, Bulgarians, Byzantine Empire, Cabildo insular, Cabinet collective responsibility, Caló language, Cambridge University Press, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Cantabrian cuisine, Cantabrian Mountains, Cantar de mio Cid, Capacity (law), Captaincy General of Cuba, Captaincy General of Puerto Rico, Carlism, Carlist Wars, Carlos Arias Navarro, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Catalan independence movement, Catalan language, Catalonia, Catholic Church, Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Cave of Altamira, Cave of El Castillo, Cádiz, Córdoba, Spain, Celts, Central European Summer Time, Central European Time, Central government, Central Intelligence Agency, Cepsa, Ceuta, Chafarinas Islands, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Christianization, Christopher Columbus, Civil Guard (Spain), Closed list, Coal-fired power station, Cocido madrileño, Cod, Cold War, Colonialism, Commander-in-chief, Common Era, Community of Madrid, Condominium (international law), Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, Congress of Deputies, Constituent Cortes, Constitution of Spain, Constitutional Court of Spain, Constitutional crisis, Constitutional monarchy, Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, Contemporary architecture, Continental climate, Convention (political norm), Cortes Generales, Cortes of Cádiz, Cortes of León of 1188, Council of Europe, Council of Ministers (Spain), Counter-Reformation, Countersign (legal), County of Barcelona, Criollo people, Crown of Aragon, Crown of Castile, Cuban War of Independence, Culture of Spain, Cyprus, Damià Forment, De Gruyter, Decentralization, Declaration of war, Decree, Demographics of Senegal, Deputy Prime Minister of Spain, Desert climate, Developed country, Devolution, Diego Siloe, Diego Velázquez, Diplomatic rank, Dissolution of parliament, Doctrine of necessity, Don Quixote, Dos de Mayo Uprising, Douro, Dubbing, Dutch Republic, Dynastic order, Economic expansion, Ecosystem, Eduardo Chillida, Efficient energy use, Eighty Years' War, El Greco, El Hierro, El País, El Periódico de Catalunya, Election, Elections in Spain, Electric car, Emirate of Granada, Enclave and exclave, England, English language, Enlightened absolutism, Enlightenment in Spain, Enrique Granados, Envoy (title), Erasmus Programme, Ertzaintza, ETA (separatist group), Euro, Euro sign, Europe, European colonization of the Americas, European Economic Community, European Movement International, European Union, Eurostat, Eurozone, Ex officio member, Exclusive economic zone, Executive (government), Falange Española de las JONS, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Fauna, FC Barcelona, FCC Group, Federación Anarquista Ibérica, Federation, Felipe González, Felipe VI, Ferdinand VII, Ferrol, Spain, Ferrovial, Festival Internacional de Benicàssim, Festival of San Fermín, FET y de las JONS, Feudalism, FIFA Women's World Cup, FIFA World Cup, First Spanish Republic, Flamenco, Folk music, Football in Spain, Foreign policy, Foreign relations of Spain, Forging, Formentera, Formula One, Fossil fuel power station, France, Franche-Comté, Francisco de Quevedo, Francisco de Zurbarán, Francisco Franco, Francisco Goya, Francization, Francoist Spain, French First Republic, French Wars of Religion, Fuero, Fuerteventura, G20, GAL (paramilitary group), Galicia (Spain), Galician cuisine, Galician–Portuguese, Gas-fired power plant, Gasification, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, GATEPAC, Gazpacho, Gender Empowerment Measure, Gender equality, General Council of the Judiciary, Generation of '27, Generation of '98, George W. Bush, Germanic peoples, Germans, Germany, Gibraltar, Girona, Glorious Revolution (Spain), Glosas Emilianenses, Golden Banana, Golf, Gothic architecture, Government of Spain, Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria Airport, Granada, Great Plague of Seville, Gross domestic product, Guadalquivir, Guadiana, Guerrilla warfare, Gypsum, Habsburg Spain, Hadrian, Handball, Head of government, Head of state, Hebrew language, Herrerian style, High-speed rail in Spain, Hispania Baetica, Hispanic America, Hispanidad, Hispaniola, Hispanophone, History of Spain, Holy Roman Empire, Holy Week, House of Bourbon, Human Development Report, Humanism, Hydroelectricity, Iberdrola, Iberian Peninsula, Iberians, Ibero-America, Ibiza, Immigration to Spain, Inditex, Indra Sistemas, Informal economy, Intangible cultural heritage, Inter-Parliamentary Union, International Futures, International law, International Monetary Fund, International Style, Iraq War, Irreligion, Isaac Albéniz, Isabella II, Isabelline (architectural style), Islam, Islamic architecture, Islamism, Islet, Italian Wars, Jamón, Jamón ibérico, Javier de Burgos, Júcar, Jehovah's Witnesses, Joan Miró, Joaquín Sorolla, Jordi Savall, Jorge Manrique, José Carreras, José María Aznar, Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport, Joseph Bonaparte, Juan Carlos I, Juan de Juni, Juan Gris, Juan Martínez Montañés, Judaism, Julio González (sculptor), Jusepe de Ribera, Köppen climate classification, Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Asturias, Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of León, Kingdom of Navarre, Kingdom of Portugal, La Celestina, La Gomera, La Movida Madrileña, La Palma, La Tomatina, La Vanguardia, Lacón, Language policies of Francoist Spain, Languages of Europe, Languages of Spain, Lanzarote, Lapsed Catholic, Las Hilanderas, Las Meninas, Las Palmas, Latifundium, Latin, Latins, Latitude, Law of Spain, Lazarillo de Tormes, Leandro Fernández de Moratín, León, Spain, Legality of euthanasia, Legislative session, Legislature, Leonese language, Leonor, Princess of Asturias, Letter of credence, LGBT, Liberalism, Liceu, Limited voting, List of busiest airports by passenger traffic, List of countries and dependencies by area, List of countries and territories by number of land borders, List of countries by GDP (nominal), List of countries by GDP (PPP), List of countries by total fertility rate, List of languages by number of native speakers, List of largest empires, List of metropolitan areas in Spain, List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal), List of Spanish monarchs, List of Spanish regional legislatures, List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, List of transcontinental countries, List of water sports, Llívia, Lope de Vega, Low Countries, Lower house, Lucan, Luisa Roldán, Lusitanians, Machinery of government, Madrid–Barajas Airport, Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line, Magellan expedition, Maghreb, Maghrebi Arabic, Mallorca, Manchego, Manuel Azaña, Manuel de Falla, Manuel Fraga, Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcha Real, Mariano Rajoy, Marinid Sultanate, Martial, Málaga, Málaga Airport, Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean Sea, Melilla, Menorca, Meseta Central, Mester de clerecía, Mester de Juglaría, Mexico, Migration Period, Miguel de Cervantes, Miguel de Cervantes Prize, Miguel Sebastián Gascón, Minho (river), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain), Mixed economy, Modernism, Modernisme, Monarchy of Belgium, Monarchy of Luxembourg, Monarchy of Norway, Monarchy of Spain, Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Mondragon Corporation, Monte Perdido, Montserrat Caballé, Moorish architecture, Morisco, Moroccans, Morocco, Mossos d'Esquadra, Motorcycling, Mountain, Movimiento Nacional, Movistar, Mudéjar art, Muladí, Mulhacén, Multi-party system, Municipalities of Spain, Murcia, Music of Spain, Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, Name of the Spanish language, Napoleon, Nation state, National Catholicism, National Day of Spain, National Statistics Institute (Spain), Nationalities and regions of Spain, NATO, Navarre, Nazi Germany, Neoclassicism, Neutral country, New World, Nigerians, Non-interventionism, Nuclear power plant, Nuclear reactor, Nueva Planta decrees, Oath of office, Occitan language, Oceanic climate, Olive oil, Olivenza, Opera house, Order of Charles III, Order of Isabella the Catholic, Order of the Golden Fleece, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Organization of Ibero-American States, Orography, Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman–Habsburg wars, Outline of Spain, Oviedo, Oxford University Press, Pablo Casals, Pablo de Sarasate, Pablo Gargallo, Pablo Picasso, Paella, Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Pan's Labyrinth, Pardon, Parliament of Catalonia, Parliamentary system, Peace of Basel, Peace treaty, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Pedro de Mena, Peninsular War, Peninsulares, People's Party (Spain), Perejil Island, Peter Lang (publisher), Pew Research Center, Pheasant Island, Philip II of Spain, Philippine Revolution, Philippines, Phoenician language, Phys.org, Phytogeography, Pityusic Islands, Plateau, Plazas de soberanía, Plácido Domingo, Plus ultra, Polbo á feira, Policía Foral, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Population growth, Portugal, Portuguese language, Portuguese Restoration War, Pre-Romanesque art and architecture, Precious metal, Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde, Premio Planeta de Novela, Prestige oil spill, Prime Minister of Spain, Primogeniture, Proclamation, Programme for International Student Assessment, Promulgation, Proportional representation, Protection racket, Province of Girona, Provinces of Spain, Public policy, Public service, Pyrenees, Quaternary glaciation, Queen regnant, Quintilian, Rabbit, Rafael Moneo, Ramiro I of Asturias, Ratification, Raymond Carr, Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Real Madrid CF, Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571), Reconquista, Reconquista (Spanish America), Reformation, Regionalist League of Catalonia, Religion in Spain, Renaixença, Renewable energy commercialization, Renfe Class 103, Representative democracy, Repsol, Reserve power, Restoration (Spain), Ricardo Bofill, Ricardo Viñes, Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, Roman Empire, Roman Republic, Roman roads, Romance languages, Romanesque architecture, Romanian language, Romanization, Romanticism in Spanish literature, Routledge, Royal Academy of History, Royal assent, Royal family, Royal Spanish Academy, Running of the bulls, Rural tourism, Sacrosanctity, Salvador Dalí, Same-sex marriage in Spain, San Sebastián, San Sebastián International Film Festival, Santiago Calatrava, Sarmatians, Savage Islands, Sónar, Schmalkaldic War, School of Salamanca, Scramble for Africa, Second Punic War, Second Spanish Republic, Secular state, Secularism, Segura (river), Semi-arid climate, Senate of Spain, Seneca the Younger, Separation of powers, Seville, 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family, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Spanish transition to democracy, Spanish–American War, Stanford University Press, Status of Gibraltar, Statute of autonomy, Strabo, Strait of Gibraltar, Stucco, Sub-Saharan Africa, Suebi, Supreme Court of Spain, Switzerland, Tagus, Taifa, Talgo, Tarifit, Tartessos, Taylor & Francis, Teatro Arriaga, Teatro Real, Teide, Telefónica, Telephone numbers in Spain, Tenerife, Teresa Berganza, TGV, The Book of Good Love, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Local, The World Factbook, Theodosius I, Thirty Years' War, Tirant lo Blanch, Tirso de Molina, Toledo, Spain, Total fertility rate, Trade route, Tragic Week (Spain), Trajan, Treaty, Treaty of Granada (1491), Tropical climate, Tuna pot, Turia (river), UEFA European Championship, Umayyad Caliphate, UN Tourism, Unión General de Trabajadores, Unicameralism, Unitary state, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, University of Cádiz, University of Valencia, University of Zulia, 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