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27 relations: Ainu people, Cornish language, Cornwall, Dolly Pentreath, Endangered language, Extinct language, First language, Fluency, Heritage language, Language death, Language documentation, Language revitalization, Language shift, Language survey, Linguistic competence, List of last known speakers of languages, Manx language, Mesmes language, Multilingualism, Nancy Dorian, Ned Maddrell, Passive speaker (language), Scottish Gaelic, Second language, Speaker types, Speech community, Wichita language.
Ainu people
The Ainu or the Aynu (Ainu アィヌ ''Aynu''; Japanese: アイヌ Ainu; Russian: Айны Ajny), in the historical Japanese texts the Ezo (蝦夷), are an indigenous people of Japan (Hokkaido, and formerly northeastern Honshu) and Russia (Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and formerly the Kamchatka Peninsula).
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Cornish language
Cornish (Kernowek) is a revived language that became extinct as a first language in the late 18th century.
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Cornwall
Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.
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Dolly Pentreath
Dorothy Pentreath (16 May 1692 – 26 December 1777), known as Dolly, was a speaker of the Cornish language.
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Endangered language
An endangered language, or moribund language, is a language that is at risk of falling out of use as its speakers die out or shift to speaking another language.
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Extinct language
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants.
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First language
A first language, native language or mother/father/parent tongue (also known as arterial language or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.
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Fluency
Fluency (also called volubility and eloquency) is the property of a person or of a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise.
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Heritage language
A heritage language is a minority language learnt by its speakers at home as children, but it is never fully developed because its speakers grow up with a dominant language in which they become more competent.
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Language death
In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker.
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Language documentation
Language documentation (also: documentary linguistics) is a subfield of linguistics which aims to describe the grammar and use of human languages.
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Language revitalization
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one.
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Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a community of speakers of a language shifts to speaking a completely different language, usually over an extended period of time.
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Language survey
A language survey is conducted around the world for a variety of reasons.
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Linguistic competence
Linguistic competence is the system of linguistic knowledge possessed by native speakers of a language.
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List of last known speakers of languages
Any language is determined to be an extinct language when the last native or fluent speaker of that language dies.
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Manx language
No description.
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Mesmes language
The Mesmes language is an extinct West Gurage language, one of the Ethiopian Semitic languages spoken in Ethiopia.
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Multilingualism
Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.
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Nancy Dorian
Nancy C. Dorian is an American linguist who has carried out research into the death of the East Sutherland dialect of Scottish Gaelic for over 40 years, particularly in the villages of Brora, Golspie and Embo.
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Ned Maddrell
Edward "Ned" Maddrell (1877 – 27 December 1974) was a fisherman from the Isle of Man who, at the time of his death, was the last surviving native speaker of the Manx language.
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Passive speaker (language)
A passive speaker (also referred to as a receptive bilingual or passive bilingual) is a category of speaker who has had enough exposure to a language in childhood to have a native-like comprehension of it, but has little or no active command of it.
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Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic, sometimes also referred to simply as Gaelic (Gàidhlig) or the Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland.
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Second language
A person's second language or L2, is a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person.
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Speaker types
Within the linguistic study of endangered languages, sociolinguists distinguish between different speaker types based on the type of competence they have acquired of the endangered language.
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Speech community
A speech community is a group of people who share a set of linguistic norms and expectations regarding the use of language.
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Wichita language
Wichita is an extinct Caddoan language once spoken in Oklahoma by the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes.
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Redirects here:
Rememberer, Semi-speaker, Terminal speaker.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_types
