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74 relations: Adaptation, Anisogamy, Antler, Arthropod, Bluehead wrasse, Bonobo, Bumblebee, Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cloaca, Concealed ovulation, Copulation (zoology), Drosophila melanogaster, Dunnock, Egg, Egg cell, Ejaculation, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Fertility, Glossary of entomology terms, Gordon G. Gallup, Gorilla, Gryllus bimaculatus, Guppy, House mouse, Human, Human sperm competition, Inbreeding, Inbreeding avoidance, Inbreeding depression, Indianmeal moth, Linoleic acid, Lysozyme, Mate guarding in humans, Mating plug, Mitochondrial DNA, Mollusca, Monogamy, Morphology (biology), Natural selection, Neolamprologus pulcher, Pelvic thrust, Penis, Phylum, Physiology, Poecilia, Polyandry, Polygyny, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Pyrrhocoris apterus, Raffle, ..., Reproductive success, Reproductive system, Review of General Psychology, Semen, Sex at Dawn, Sexual conflict, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual intercourse, Sexual reproduction, Sexual selection, Sexual selection in mammals, Signalling theory, Sociobiological theories of rape, Sperm precedence, Sperm Wars, Spermatheca, Spermatophore, Spermatozoon, Teleogryllus oceanicus, Testicle, Ticket (admission), Wiley-Blackwell, Wood mouse, Yellow-pine chipmunk. Expand index (24 more) »
Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.
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Anisogamy
Anisogamy (also called heterogamy) is the form of sexual reproduction that involves the union or fusion of two gametes, which differ in size and/or form. (The related adjectives are anisogamous and anisogamic). The smaller gamete is considered to be male (sperm cell), whereas the larger gamete is regarded as female (egg cell). There are several types of anisogamy. Both gametes may be flagellated and therefore motile. Alternatively, both of the gametes may be non-flagellated. The latter situation occurs in some algae and plants. In the red alga Polysiphonia, non-motile eggs are fertilized by non-motile sperm. In flowering plants, the gametes are non-motile cells within gametophytes. The form of anisogamy that occurs in animals, including humans, is oogamy, where a large, non-motile egg (ovum) is fertilized by a small, motile sperm (spermatozoon). The egg is optimized for longevity, whereas the small sperm is optimized for motility and speed. The size and resources of the egg cell allow for the production of pheromones, which attract the swimming sperm cells.
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Antler
Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the deer family.
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Arthropod
An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
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Bluehead wrasse
The bluehead wrasse or blue-headed wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) is a species of saltwater fish in the wrasse family (Labridae) of order Perciformes native to the coral reefs of the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean.
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Bonobo
The bonobo (Pan paniscus), formerly called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often, the dwarf or gracile chimpanzee, is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan; the other is Pan troglodytes, or the common chimpanzee.
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Bumblebee
A bumblebee (or bumble bee, bumble-bee or humble-bee) is any of over 250 species in the genus Bombus, part of Apidae, one of the bee families.
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Cambridge Philosophical Society
The Cambridge Philosophical Society (CPS) is a scientific society at the University of Cambridge.
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Cloaca
In animal anatomy, a cloaca (plural cloacae or) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals, opening at the vent.
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Concealed ovulation
Concealed ovulation or hidden estrus in a species is the lack of any perceptible change in an adult female (for instance, a change in appearance or scent) when she is "in heat" and near ovulation.
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Copulation (zoology)
In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into her reproductive tract.
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Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.
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Dunnock
The dunnock (Prunella modularis) is a small passerine, or perching bird, found throughout temperate Europe and into Asia.
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Egg
An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.
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Egg cell
The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms.
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Ejaculation
Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (normally containing sperm) from the male reproductory tract, usually accompanied by orgasm.
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Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
eLS (previously known as the Encyclopedia of Life Sciences) is a reference work that spans the entire spectrum of life sciences and is published by Wiley-Blackwell.
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Fertility
Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring.
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Glossary of entomology terms
This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists.
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Gordon G. Gallup
Gordon G. Gallup Jr. (born 1941) is a psychologist in the University at Albany's Psychology department, researching biopsychology.
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Gorilla
Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Gryllus bimaculatus
Gryllus bimaculatus is one of many cricket species known as field crickets.
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Guppy
The guppy (Poecilia reticulata), also known as millionfish and rainbow fish, is one of the world's most widely distributed tropical fish, and one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish species.
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House mouse
The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a small mammal of the order Rodentia, characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, and a long naked or almost hairless tail.
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Human
Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.
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Human sperm competition
Sperm competition is a form of post-copulatory sexual selection whereby male ejaculates simultaneously physically compete to fertilize a single ovum.
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Inbreeding
Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.
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Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding.
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Inbreeding depression
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding, or breeding of related individuals.
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Indianmeal moth
The Indianmeal moth or Indian-meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) also spelled as Indian meal moth, is a pyraloid moth of the family Pyralidae.
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Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid (LA), a carboxylic acid, is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid, an 18-carbon chain with two double bonds in cis configuration.
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Lysozyme
Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.
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Mate guarding in humans
Human mate guarding refers to behaviours employed by both males and females with the aim of maintaining reproductive opportunities and sexual access to a mate.
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Mating plug
A mating plug in a female Richardson's ground squirrel (''Spermophilus richardsonii'') A mating plug, also known as a copulation plug, sperm plug, vaginal plug, sement or sphragis (Latin, from Greek σφραγίδα 'sfragida' a seal), is gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species.
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Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
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Monogamy
Monogamy is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime — alternately, only one partner at any one time (serial monogamy) — as compared to non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory).
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Neolamprologus pulcher
Neolamprologus pulcher is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika where it prefers locations with plenty of sedimentation.
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Pelvic thrust
The pelvic thrust is the thrusting motion of the pelvic region, which is used for a variety of activities, such as dance or sexual activity.
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Penis
A penis (plural penises or penes) is the primary sexual organ that male animals use to inseminate sexually receptive mates (usually females and hermaphrodites) during copulation.
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Phylum
In biology, a phylum (plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below Kingdom and above Class.
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.
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Poecilia
Poecilia is a genus of fishes in the family Poeciliidae of the order Cyprinodontiformes.
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Polyandry
Polyandry (from πολυ- poly-, "many" and ἀνήρ anēr, "man") is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time.
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Polygyny
Polygyny (from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία from πολύ- poly- "many", and γυνή gyne "woman" or "wife") is the most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a man with several women.
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Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the parent title of two scientific journals published by the Royal Society.
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Pyrrhocoris apterus
The firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus, is a common insect of the family Pyrrhocoridae.
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Raffle
A raffle is a gambling competition in which people obtain numbered tickets, each ticket having the chance of winning a prize.
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Reproductive success
Reproductive success is defined as the passing of genes onto the next generation in a way that they too can pass on those genes.
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Reproductive system
The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction.
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Review of General Psychology
Review of General Psychology is the quarterly scientific journal of the American Psychological Association Division 1: The Society for General Psychology.
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Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is an organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa.
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Sex at Dawn
Sex at Dawn: The Prehistoric Origins of Modern Sexuality is a book dealing with the evolution of monogamy in humans and human mating systems.
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Sexual conflict
Sexual conflict or sexual antagonism occurs when the two sexes have conflicting optimal fitness strategies concerning reproduction, particularly over the mode and frequency of mating, potentially leading to an evolutionary arms race between males and females.
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Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.
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Sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm.
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Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
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Sexual selection in mammals
Sexual selection in mammals started with Charles Darwin's observations concerning sexual selection, including sexual selection in humans, and in other mammals, consisting of male-male competition and mate choice that mold the development of future phenotypes in a population for a given species.
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Signalling theory
Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.
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Sociobiological theories of rape
Sociobiological theories of rape explore how evolutionary adaptation influences the psychology of rapists.
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Sperm precedence
Sperm precedence, also known as sperm predominance, is tendency of a female who has been bred by multiple males to give birth to their offspring in unequal proportions.
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Sperm Wars
Sperm Wars is a primarily nonfiction book by evolutionary biologist Robin Baker.
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Spermatheca
The spermatheca (pronounced plural: spermathecae), also called receptaculum seminis (plural: receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. bees, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates.
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Spermatophore
A spermatophore or sperm ampulla is a capsule or mass containing spermatozoa created by males of various animal species, especially salamanders and arthropods, and transferred in entirety to the female's ovipore during reproduction.
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Spermatozoon
A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
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Teleogryllus oceanicus
Teleogryllus oceanicus, commonly known as the Australian, Pacific or oceanic field cricket, is a cricket found across Oceania and in coastal Australia from Carnarvon in Western Australia and Rockhampton in north-east Queensland Otte, D. & Alexander, R.D. 1983.
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Testicle
The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.
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Ticket (admission)
A ticket is a voucher that indicates that an individual is entitled to admission to an event or establishment such as a theatre, amusement park or tourist attraction, or has a right to travel on a vehicle, such as with an airline ticket, bus ticket or train ticket.
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Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
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Wood mouse
The wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) is a common murid rodent from Europe and northwestern Africa.
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Yellow-pine chipmunk
The yellow-pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus) is a species of order Rodentia in the family Sciuridae.
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Redirects here:
Fighting sperm, Kamikaze sperm, Killer sperm, Sperm wars.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_competition
