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Spermatozoon

Index Spermatozoon

A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete. [1]

95 relations: Acrosome, Acrosome reaction, Albert von Kölliker, Aneuploidy, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Apoptosis, Arbacia punctulata, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Blood–testis barrier, Bryophyte, Calcium, Carbon dioxide, Cation channels of sperm, Cell (biology), Centriole, Chemotaxis, Chromatin, Chromosome, Cloaca, Cytoplasm, DNA, DNA fragmentation, Drosophila bifurca, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophilidae, Egg cell, Embryo, Eukaryote, Extracellular fluid, Fallopian tube, Female, Fern, Fertilisation, Fibrinogen, Fibrinolysin, Flagellum, Flowering plant, Formyl peptide receptor, Gamete, Gametophyte, Gene, Genotoxicity, Glycoprotein, Gymnosperm, Host (biology), Human fertilization, In vitro, Insemination, Ion channel, Ionophore, ..., Male, Male infertility, Meiosis, Melphalan, Messenger RNA, Micrograph, Micrometre, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitosis, Model organism, Nondisjunction, Oocyte, Oocyte activation, Ploidy, Pollen, Pollen tube, Polyploid, Polyspermy, Progesterone, Prostate, Protein, Reproductive system, Sea urchin, Semen, Semen cryopreservation, Semen quality, Seminal vesicle, Seminiferous tubule, Sertoli cell, Sex, Sexual intercourse, Somatic cell, Sperm, Spermatogonium, Testicle, Uterus, Vagina, Water, Wood mouse, X chromosome, Y chromosome, Zona pellucida, ZP3, Zygote, 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. Expand index (45 more) »

Acrosome

The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals including humans.

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Acrosome reaction

During fertilization, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg in order to fertilize it.

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Albert von Kölliker

Albert von Kölliker (born Rudolf Albert Kölliker; 6 July 18172 November 1905) was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and histologist.

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Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46.

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.

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Arbacia punctulata

The Atlantic purple sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) is a species of sea urchins from the family Arbaciidae, native to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate.

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Blood–testis barrier

The blood–testis barrier is a physical barrier between the blood vessels and the seminiferous tubules of the animal testes.

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Bryophyte

Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Cation channels of sperm

The cation channels of sperm also known as Catsper channels or CatSper, are ion channels that are related to the two-pore channels and distantly related to TRP channels.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Centriole

In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical cellular organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin.

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Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

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Chromatin

Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA.

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Cloaca

In animal anatomy, a cloaca (plural cloacae or) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals, opening at the vent.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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DNA fragmentation

DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces.

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Drosophila bifurca

Drosophila bifurca is a species of fruit fly.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.

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Drosophilidae

The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes fruit flies.

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Egg cell

The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Eukaryote

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).

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Extracellular fluid

Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells.

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Fallopian tube

The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or salpinges (singular salpinx), are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.

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Female

Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that produces non-mobile ova (egg cells).

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Fern

A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Fertilisation

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism.

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Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen (factor I) is a glycoprotein that in vertebrates circulates in the blood.

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Fibrinolysin

Fibrinolysin is an enzyme derived from plasma of bovine origin or extracted from cultures of certain bacteria.

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Flagellum

A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells.

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Flowering plant

The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.

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Formyl peptide receptor

The formyl peptide receptors (FPR) belong to a class of G protein-coupled receptors involved in chemotaxis.

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Gamete

A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.

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Gametophyte

A gametophyte is one of the two alternating phases in the life cycle of plants and algae.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Genotoxicity

In genetics, genotoxicity describes the property of chemical agents that damages the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.

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Glycoprotein

Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.

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Gymnosperm

The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes.

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Host (biology)

In biology and medicine, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont), the guest typically being provided with nourishment and shelter.

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Human fertilization

Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

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In vitro

In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.

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Insemination

Insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female animal or plant for the purpose of impregnating or fertilizing the female for sexual reproduction.

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Ion channel

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.

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Ionophore

An ionophore is a chemical species that reversibly binds ions.

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Male

A male (♂) organism is the physiological sex that produces sperm.

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Male infertility

Male infertility refers to a male's inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female.

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Meiosis

Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.

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Melphalan

Melphalan (trade name Alkeran, in former USSR also known as Sarcolysin) is a chemotherapy drug belonging to the class of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents.

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Messenger RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.

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Micrograph

A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an item.

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Micrometre

The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Mitosis

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

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Model organism

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

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Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.

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Oocyte

An oocyte, oöcyte, ovocyte, or rarely ocyte, is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.

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Oocyte activation

Oocyte (or ovum/egg) activation is a series of processes that occur in the oocyte during fertilization.

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Ploidy

Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.

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Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells).

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Pollen tube

A pollen tube is a tubular structure produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it germinates.

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Polyploid

Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

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Polyspermy

In biology, polyspermy describes an egg that has been fertilized by more than one sperm.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Prostate

The prostate (from Ancient Greek προστάτης, prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian") is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Reproductive system

The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

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Sea urchin

Sea urchins or urchins are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.

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Semen

Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is an organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa.

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Semen cryopreservation

Semen cryopreservation (commonly called sperm banking) is a procedure to preserve sperm cells.

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Semen quality

Semen quality is a measure of the ability of semen to accomplish fertilization.

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Seminal vesicle

The seminal vesicles (glandulae vesiculosae), vesicular glands, or seminal glands, are a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder of some male mammals.

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Seminiferous tubule

Seminiferous tubules are located within the testes, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of male gametes, namely spermatozoa.

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Sertoli cell

A Sertoli cell (a kind of sustentacular cell) is a "nurse" cell of the testicles that is part of a seminiferous tubule and helps in the process of spermatogenesis, the production of sperm.

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Sex

Organisms of many species are specialized into male and female varieties, each known as a sex. Sexual reproduction involves the combining and mixing of genetic traits: specialized cells known as gametes combine to form offspring that inherit traits from each parent.

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Sexual intercourse

Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.

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Somatic cell

A somatic cell (from the Greek σῶμα sôma, meaning "body") or vegetal cell is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.

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Sperm

Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").

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Spermatogonium

A spermatogonium (plural: spermatogonia) is an undifferentiated male germ cell.

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Testicle

The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.

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Uterus

The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals.

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Vagina

In mammals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract.

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Water

Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.

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Wood mouse

The wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) is a common murid rodent from Europe and northwestern Africa.

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X chromosome

The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females.

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Y chromosome

The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals.

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Zona pellucida

The zona pellucida (plural zonae pellucidae, also egg coat or pellucid zone) is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes.

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ZP3

Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3, also known as zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (Zp-3) or the sperm receptor, is a ZP module-containing protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP3 gene.

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Zygote

A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.

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8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine

8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is an oxidized derivative of deoxyguanosine.

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Antheerozooid, Human Sperm, Human sperm, Sperm cells, Spermatazoa, Spermatazoon, Spermatozoa, Spermatozoae, Spermatozoan, Spermatozoid, Spermatozooen, Spermatozoons, Spermatozoä, Spermatozoön, Spermotozoa, Sperms.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon

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