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Spratly Islands dispute

Index Spratly Islands dispute

The Spratly Islands dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute between China, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, concerning "ownership" of the Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated "maritime features" (reefs, banks, cays, etc.) located in the South China Sea. [1]

158 relations: Admiralty law, Ardasier Reef, Arms race, Asahi Shimbun, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Bảo Đại, BBC, Benigno Aquino III, Bernama, Bloomberg L.P., Boeing P-8 Poseidon, Cham–Annamese War, Champa, Chams, Channel NewsAsia, Chiang Kai-shek, China, China Mobile, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Chinese art, Chinese frigate Dongguan, Chinese unification, Claudius Madrolle, CNN, Cochinchina, Commune-level town (Vietnam), ConocoPhillips, Constitution of Vietnam, Continental shelf, Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, Dangerous Ground (South China Sea), De jure, Denver, Eastern Wu, Empire of Japan, Energy Information Administration, Exclusive economic zone, ExxonMobil, Ferdinand Marcos, Fidel Ramos, Fiery Cross Reef, French Indochina, French Union, Great Wall of Sand, Greater Philippines, Hainan, Half Moon Shoal, Han dynasty, Harry B. Harris Jr., Hishammuddin Hussein, ..., History of the Cham–Vietnamese wars, History of Yuan, Hongwu Emperor, HQ-9, International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Inventory of Conflict and Environment, Investigator Shoal, Jiaozhi, Johnson South Reef Skirmish, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Jun (country subdivision), Junk (ship), Kalayaan, Palawan, Khánh Hòa Province, Kinmen, Kuril Islands dispute, Land reclamation, Lê Quý Đôn, Lee Teng-hui, Liang Guanglie, Louisa Reef, Mahathir Mohamad, Mainland China, Malaysia, Mariveles Reef, Matsu Islands, Ming dynasty, Ministry of Defence (Malaysia), Mischief Reef, Moro Islamic Liberation Front, Moro National Liberation Front, Moro Rebellion, Moros during World War II, National Assembly, National Assembly (Vietnam), Nautical mile, Nguyễn dynasty, Nine-Dash Line, North Vietnam, Nur Misuari, Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines, Palawan, Panama Canal, Paracel Islands, Penghu, People's Army of Vietnam, People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army Navy, Permanent Court of Arbitration, Petroleum, Phạm Văn Đồng, Phủ biên tạp lục, Phước Tuy Province, Philippines, Qing dynasty, Reed Bank, Republic of China Armed Forces, Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads, Republic of Vietnam Navy, Res nullius, Rural commune (Vietnam), Sansha, Scarborough Shoal, Scarborough Shoal standoff, Senkaku Islands dispute, Shinzō Abe, Sino-French War, South China Sea, South Vietnam, Southwest Cay, Spanish–Moro conflict, Spratly Islands, State of Vietnam, Subi Reef, Suez Canal, Swallow Reef, Taiping Island, Taiwan, Taiwan Strait, Territorial dispute, Territorial disputes in the South China Sea, Thanh Niên, The Borneo Post, The National Interest, The Pentagon, The Philippine Star, The Star (Malaysia), Three Kingdoms, Tianxia, Tomás Cloma, Trường Sa District, Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of San Francisco, Type 053 frigate, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, United States Congress, United States Department of State, United States Pacific Fleet, United States Senate, University of Malaya, USS Harnett County (LST-821), Vietnam, Vietnam War, White paper, Yuan dynasty, Zhou Enlai, 1943 Cairo Declaration, 1954 Geneva Conference. Expand index (108 more) »

Admiralty law

Admiralty law or maritime law is a body of law that governs nautical issues and private maritime disputes.

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Ardasier Reef

Ardasier Reef, also known as Guangxingzai Jiao in China, Terumbu Ubi in Malaysia, Antonio Luna in the Philippines and đá Kiệu Ngựa in Vietnam, is a triangular shaped feature on the SW extremity of Dangerous Ground in the Spratly Islands.

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Arms race

An arms race, in its original usage, is a competition between two or more states to have the best armed forces.

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Asahi Shimbun

The is one of the five national newspapers in Japan.

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries that promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration amongst its members, other Asian countries, and globally.

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Bảo Đại

Bảo Đại (lit. "keeper of greatness", 22 October 1913 – 30 July 1997), born Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thụy, was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling family of Vietnam.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Benigno Aquino III

Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino IIIQuezon, Manuel L..

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Bernama

The Malaysian National News Agency (Pertubuhan Berita Nasional Malaysia), abbreviated BERNAMA, is a news agency of the government of Malaysia.

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Bloomberg L.P.

Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

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Boeing P-8 Poseidon

The Boeing P-8 Poseidon (formerly the Multimission Maritime Aircraft or MMA) is a military aircraft developed for the United States Navy (USN).

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Cham–Annamese War

The Cham-Đại Việt War of 1471 began when Emperor Lê Thánh Tông of Đại Việt launched a military expedition that is widely regarded as an event that marked the downfall of Champa. The Đại Việt forces attacked and sacked the kingdom's capital Vijaya, and decimated the Cham army. As a result of the conflict, Champa was forced to cede territory to Annam and ceased to pose a threat to Annamese territory since then.

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Champa

Champa (Chăm Pa) was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD before being absorbed and annexed by Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng in AD 1832.

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Chams

The Chams, or Cham people (Cham: Urang Campa, người Chăm or người Chàm, ជនជាតិចាម), are an ethnic group of Austronesian origin in Southeast Asia.

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Channel NewsAsia

Channel NewsAsia (abbreviated CNA) is a 24-hour television news channel and news agency based in Singapore, broadcasting free-to-air domestically and by cable television and satellite television to 28 territories in Asia, the Middle East and Australia.

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Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi and known as Chiang Chungcheng, was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in exile in Taiwan.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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China Mobile

China Mobile, officially China Mobile Communications Corporation is a Chinese state-owned telecommunication corporation that provides mobile voice and multimedia services CMCC Official Site through its nationwide mobile telecommunications network across mainland China.

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China National Offshore Oil Corporation

China National Offshore Oil Corporation, or CNOOC Group (Chinese: 中国海洋石油总公司 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Háiyáng Shíyóu Zǒnggōngsī), is a major national oil company in China.

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Chinese art

Chinese art is visual art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists.

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Chinese frigate Dongguan

Dongguan (560) is a Type 053H1G (Jianghu-V) frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

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Chinese unification

Chinese (re)unification, more specifically Cross-strait (re)unification, is the irredentist concept of Greater China that expresses the goal of unifying the People's Republic of China and Taiwan into a single sovereign state.

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Claudius Madrolle

Claudius Madrolle (22 July 1870 – 16 June 1949) was a French explorer in Africa and Asia and editor of travel guides who specialized in the Far East.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Cochinchina

Cochinchina (Nam Kỳ; ''Kausangsin''.; Cochinchine) is a region encompassing the southern third of current Vietnam whose principal city is Saigon or Prey Nokor in Khmer.

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Commune-level town (Vietnam)

On the Third Tier, Vietnam is divided into 1,581 wards, 603 townships and 8,978 communes.

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ConocoPhillips

ConocoPhillips Company is an American multinational energy corporation with its headquarters located in the Energy Corridor district of Houston, Texas in the United States.

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Constitution of Vietnam

The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) is the current constitution of Vietnam, adopted on November 28, 2013 by the Thirteenth National Assembly, and took effect on January 1, 2014.

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Continental shelf

The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent, resulting in an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea.

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Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone

The Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of 1958 is an international treaty which entered into force on 10 September 1964, one of four agreed upon at the first United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I).

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Dangerous Ground (South China Sea)

Dangerous Ground is a large area in the southeast part of the South China Sea characterized by many low islands and cays, sunken reefs, and atolls awash, with reefs often rising abruptly from ocean depths greater than 1000m.

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De jure

In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.

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Denver

Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Eastern Wu

Wu (222–280), commonly known as Dong Wu (Eastern Wu) or Sun Wu, was one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).

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Empire of Japan

The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

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Energy Information Administration

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.

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Exclusive economic zone

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.

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ExxonMobil

Exxon Mobil Corporation, doing business as ExxonMobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas.

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Ferdinand Marcos

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat who was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.

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Fidel Ramos

Gen.

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Fiery Cross Reef

Fiery Cross Reef, also known as "Northwest Investigator Reef", "Yongshu Reef" (永暑礁) by the Chinese, "Kagitingan Reef" by the Filipinos, and "Đá Chữ Thập" by the Vietnamese was, prior to large scale reclamation activities by China, a group of three reefs just west of the western edge of Dangerous Ground in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea.

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French Indochina

French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China) (French: Indochine française; Lao: ສະຫະພັນອິນດູຈີນ; Khmer: សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន; Vietnamese: Đông Dương thuộc Pháp/東洋屬法,, frequently abbreviated to Đông Pháp; Chinese: 法属印度支那), officially known as the Indochinese Union (French: Union indochinoise) after 1887 and the Indochinese Federation (French: Fédération indochinoise) after 1947, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia.

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French Union

The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, colloquially known as the "French Empire" (Empire Français).

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Great Wall of Sand

"Great Wall of Sand" is a name first used in March 2015 by US Admiral Harry Harris, who was commander of the Pacific Fleet, to describe a series of uniquely large-scale land reclamation projects by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the Spratly Islands area of the South China Sea in the period from late 2013 to late 2016.

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Greater Philippines

Greater Philippines is an irredentist concept in the Philippines supporting the inclusion of eastern Sabah as a part of the country's territory.

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Hainan

Hainan is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea.

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Half Moon Shoal

Half Moon Shoal (Hasa Hasa Shoal) is a shoal at the eastern edge of the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.

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Harry B. Harris Jr.

Harry Binkley Harris Jr. (born August 4, 1956) is a retired admiral in the United States Navy who currently serves as the United States Ambassador to South Korea.

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Hishammuddin Hussein

Dato' Seri Hishammuddin bin Tun Hussein (Jawi: هشام الدين حسين; born 5 August 1961) is a Malaysian politician in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO).

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History of the Cham–Vietnamese wars

The Cham-Vietnamese Wars refer to a series of wars and conflicts between various dynasties of Vietnam and of Champa that led to a total annexation of Champa by the Vietnamese.

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History of Yuan

The History of Yuan (Yuán Shǐ), also known as the Yuanshi, is one of the official Chinese historical works known as the Twenty-Four Histories of China.

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Hongwu Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang (Chu Yuan-chang in Wade-Giles), was the founding emperor of China's Ming dynasty.

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HQ-9

The HQ-9 is China’s new generation medium- to long-range, active radar homing surface-to-air missile.

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International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is an intergovernmental organization created by the mandate of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.

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Inventory of Conflict and Environment

The Inventory of Conflict and Environment (ICE) is a project initiated by Jim Lee, School of International Service (SIS) at American University in Washington, D.C. He has also written extensively on environment and conflict, including the book "Hot and Cold Wars".

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Investigator Shoal

Investigator Shoal, known as Yuya Ansha in China, Terumbu Peninjau in Malaysia, Pawikan in the Philippines, and bãi Thám hiểm in Vietnam, is located in the SW of Dangerous Ground in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea.

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Jiaozhi

Jiaozhi (Tai: kɛɛuA1, Wade-Giles: Chiāo-chǐh), was the name for various provinces, commanderies, prefectures, and counties in northern Vietnam from the era of the Hùng kings to the middle of the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam (–10th centuries) and again during the Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427).

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Johnson South Reef Skirmish

The Johnson South Reef Skirmish was an altercation that took place on 14 March 1988 between Chinese and Vietnamese forces over who would annex the Johnson South Reef in the Union Banks region of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.

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Journal of Southeast Asian Studies

The Journal of Southeast Asian Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering scholarly studies on Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, East Timor, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam).

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Jun (country subdivision)

A jùn was a historical administrative division of China from the Zhou dynasty (c. 7th century BCE) until the early Tang (c. 7th century CE).

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Junk (ship)

Junk is a type of ancient Chinese sailing ship that is still in use today.

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Kalayaan, Palawan

, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Khánh Hòa Province

Khánh Hòa is a province of Vietnam located in the South Central Coast.

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Kinmen

Kinmen or Quemoy (see also "Names" section below), officially Kinmen County, is a group of islands, governed by the Republic of China (ROC), which is located just off the southeastern coast of mainland China, including Great Kinmen, Lesser Kinmen, Wuqiu and several surrounding islets.

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Kuril Islands dispute

The Kuril Islands dispute, also known as the Northern Territories dispute, is a disagreement between Japan and Russia and also some individuals of the Ainu people over sovereignty of the South Kuril Islands.

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Land reclamation

Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a landfill), is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds.

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Lê Quý Đôn

Lê Quý Đôn (黎貴惇, 1726–1784) was an 18th-century Vietnamese poet, encyclopedist, and government official.

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Lee Teng-hui

Lee Teng-hui (born 15 January 1923) is a Taiwanese politician.

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Liang Guanglie

Liang Guanglie (born December 1940 in Santai, Mianyang, Sichuan) is a retired general and former Minister for National Defense in the People's Republic of China.

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Louisa Reef

Louisa Reef (also known as Nantong Jiao in China and Terumbu Semarang Barat Kecil in Brunei Malay) is a coral atoll in the southern reaches of the Spratly Islands.

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Mahathir Mohamad

Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad (Jawi:محضير بن محمد; IPA:; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of Malaysia for the second time.

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Mainland China

Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Mariveles Reef

Mariveles Reef, known as Nanhai Jiao in China, Terumbu Mantanani in Malaysia, đá Kỳ Vân in Vietnam and Mariveles in the Philippines, is located in the SW of Dangerous Ground in the Spratly Islands.

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Matsu Islands

The Matsu Islands (Fuzhou dialect: Mā-cū liĕk-dō̤ or less frequently,; Fuzhou dialect: 馬祖島 Mā-cū-dō̤) are a minor archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea administered as Lienchiang County (連江縣;; Lièng-gŏng-gâing) under streamlined Fujian Province, Republic of China (ROC).

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Ministry of Defence (Malaysia)

The Ministry of Defence (Kementerian Pertahanan), abbreviated MINDEF, KEMENTAH, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for defence, national security, army, navy, hydrography, air force, armed forces, intelligence services, counterintelligence, military intelligence, national service, and veterans affairs.

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Mischief Reef

Mischief Reef (accessdate Đá Vành Khăn) was a reef / atoll surrounding a large lagoon in the SE of Dangerous Ground in the east of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.

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Moro Islamic Liberation Front

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF; جبهة تحرير مورو الإسلامية Jabhat Taḥrīr Moro al-ʾIslāmiyyah) is a group based in Mindanao, Philippines seeking an autonomous region of the Moro people from the central government.

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Moro National Liberation Front

The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) is a political organization in the Philippines that was founded in 1972.

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Moro Rebellion

The Moro Rebellion (1899–1913) was an armed conflict between the Moro people and the United States military during the Philippine-American War.

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Moros during World War II

The Moro Muslims of Mindanao and Sulu took up arms and fought hard against the Japanese invasion and helped defeat the Japanese occupation.

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National Assembly

National Assembly politically is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries.

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National Assembly (Vietnam)

The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Quốc hội nước Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) is Vietnam's legislative body.

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Nautical mile

A nautical mile is a unit of measurement defined as exactly.

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Nguyễn dynasty

The Nguyễn dynasty or House of Nguyễn (Nhà Nguyễn; Hán-Nôm:, Nguyễn triều) was the last ruling family of Vietnam.

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Nine-Dash Line

The Nine-Dash Line—at various times also referred to as the "10-dash line" and the "11-dash line"—refers to the undefined, vaguely located, demarcation line used initially by the Republic of China (1912–1949) and subsequently the governments of the Republic of China (ROC / Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC), for their claims of the major part of the South China Sea.

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North Vietnam

North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, although it did not achieve widespread recognition until 1954.

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Nur Misuari

Nur Misuari (Tausug: Nūr Miswāri, born Nurallaji Pinang Misuari; March 3, 1939) is a Moro revolutionary and politician, founder and leader of the Moro National Liberation Front.

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Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines

Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P) or Operation Freedom Eagle was part of Operation Enduring Freedom and the global War on Terror.

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Palawan

Palawan (pron.), officially the Province of Palawan (Cuyonon: Probinsya i'ang Palawan / Paragua; Kapuoran sang Palawan; Lalawigan ng Palawan) is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of MIMAROPA.

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Panama Canal

The Panama Canal (Canal de Panamá) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

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Paracel Islands

The Paracel Islands, also known as Xisha in Chinese and Hoàng Sa in Vietnamese, is a group of islands, reefs, banks and other maritime features in the South China Sea.

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Penghu

The Penghu or Pescadores Islands are an archipelago of 90 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait.

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People's Army of Vietnam

The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; Quân Đội Nhân Dân Việt Nam), also known as the Vietnamese People's Army (VPA), is the military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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People's Liberation Army

The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Communist Party of China (CPC).

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People's Liberation Army Navy

The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), also known as the PLA Navy, is the naval warfare branch of the People's Liberation Army, which is the armed wing of the Communist Party of China and, by default, the national armed forces of the People's Republic of China.

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Permanent Court of Arbitration

The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is an intergovernmental organization located at The Hague in the Netherlands.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Phạm Văn Đồng

Phạm Văn Đồng (1 March 1906 – 29 April 2000) was a Vietnamese politician who served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976 and, following unification, as Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1976 until he retired in 1987 under the rule of Lê Duẩn and Nguyễn Văn Linh.

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Phủ biên tạp lục

The Phủ biên tạp lục (chữ Hán: 撫邊雜錄 Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier 1776) is a 6 volume Chinese-language geography by the Vietnamese Confucian scholar and encyclopaedist Lê Quý Đôn.

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Phước Tuy Province

Phước Tuy Province was a province of the former South Vietnam.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.

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Reed Bank

Reed Bank, also known as Reed Tablemount, Recto Bank and several other names, is a large tablemount in the South China Sea in the NE of Dangerous Ground and the NE of the Spratly Islands.

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Republic of China Armed Forces

The Republic of China Armed Forces, also known as the Chinese National Armed Forces (CNAF) or Armed Forces of Taiwan are the armed forces of the Republic of China now on Taiwan, encompassing the Army, Navy (including the Republic of China Marine Corps), Air Force and Military Police Force.

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Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads

The Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads was a micronation in the Spratly Islands established by British naval captain James George Meads in the 1870s.

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Republic of Vietnam Navy

The Republic of Vietnam Navy (VNN;; HQVNCH) was the naval branch of the South Vietnamese military, the official armed forces of the former Republic of Vietnam (or South Vietnam) from 1955 to 1975.

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Res nullius

Res nullius (lit: nobody's thing) is a Latin term derived from private Roman law whereby res (an object in the legal sense, anything that can be owned, even a slave, but not a subject in law such as a citizen nor land) is not yet the object of rights of any specific subject.

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Rural commune (Vietnam)

On the Third Tier, Vietnam is divided into 1,581 wards, 603 townships and 8,978 communes.

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Sansha

Sansha is a prefecture-level city of Hainan province of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Scarborough Shoal

Scarborough Shoal, also known as Panatag Shoal (Filipino: Kulumpol ng Panatag),, Bajo de Masinloc,, Huangyan Dao, and Democracy Reef is a shoal located between the Macclesfield Bank and Luzon island in the South China Sea.

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Scarborough Shoal standoff

The Scarborough Shoal standoff refers to tensions between China (PRC) and the Philippines which began on April 8, 2012 over the Philippine Navy apprehension of eight mainland Chinese fishing vessels in the disputed Scarborough Shoal.

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Senkaku Islands dispute

The Senkaku Islands dispute, or Diaoyu Islands dispute, concerns a territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands known as the Senkaku Islands in Japan, the Diaoyu Islands in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and Tiaoyutai Islands in the Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan).

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Shinzō Abe

is a Japanese politician serving as the 63rd and current Prime Minister of Japan and Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) since 2012, previously being the 57th officeholder from 2006 to 2007.

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Sino-French War

The Sino-French War (Guerre franco-chinoise, សង្គ្រាមបារាំង-ចិន, Chiến tranh Pháp-Thanh), also known as the Tonkin War and Tonquin War, was a limited conflict fought from August 1884 through April 1885, to decide whether France would supplant China's control of Tonkin (northern Vietnam).

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South China Sea

The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around.

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South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, Việt Nam Cộng Hòa), was a country that existed from 1955 to 1975 and comprised the southern half of what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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Southwest Cay

Southwest Cay (Đảo Song Tử Tây;; Pugad) is an islet on the northwestern edge of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.

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Spanish–Moro conflict

The Spanish–Moro Conflict (Filipino: Sagupaang Espanyol-Moro) was a series of wars lasting over several centuries from the beginning of Spanish colonization of the Philippines, to the Spanish–American War when Spain finally began to subjugate Moroland after centuries of failing to do so.

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Spratly Islands

The Spratly Islands (南沙群岛 (Nánshā Qúndǎo), Kepulauan Spratly, Kapuluan ng Kalayaan, Quần đảo Trường Sa) are a disputed group of islands, islets and cays and more than 100 reefs, sometimes grouped in submerged old atolls, in the South China Sea.

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State of Vietnam

| native_name.

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Subi Reef

Subi Reef, also known as Zhubi Reef (Zamora; đá Xu Bi) is a reef in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea located southwest of Philippine-occupied Thitu Island.

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Suez Canal

thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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Swallow Reef

Swallow Reef, known as Pulau Layang-Layang in Malaysia, 燕子島 in China, Celerio in the Philippines and Đá Hoa Lau in Vietnam, is an oceanic atoll of the Spratly Islands administered by Malaysia, which is situated approximately northwest of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.

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Taiping Island

Taiping Island, better known internationally as Itu Aba, and also known by various other names, is the largest of the naturally occurring Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Taiwan Strait

The Taiwan Strait, or Formosa Strait, is a -wide strait separating the island of Taiwan from mainland China.

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Territorial dispute

A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more territorial entities or over the possession or control of land, usually between a new state and the occupying power.

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Territorial disputes in the South China Sea

The South China Sea disputes involve both island and maritime claims among several sovereign states within the region, namely Brunei, the People's Republic of China (PRC), Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

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Thanh Niên

Thanh Niên News (Vietnamese: Báo Thanh Niên "Youth Newspaper") is a Ho Chi Minh city-based newspaper in Vietnam.

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The Borneo Post

The Borneo Post, established in 1978, is the largest and widest read English newspaper daily in East Malaysia.

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The National Interest

The National Interest (TNI) is an American bimonthly international affairs magazine published by the Center for the National Interest.

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The Pentagon

The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. As a symbol of the U.S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U.S. Department of Defense.

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The Philippine Star

The Philippine Star (self-styled The Philippine STAR) is a print and digital newspaper in the Philippines and the flagship brand of the PhilStar Media Group.

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The Star (Malaysia)

The Star is an English-language, tabloid-format newspaper in Malaysia.

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Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms (220–280) was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei (魏), Shu (蜀), and Wu (吳).

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Tianxia

Tianxia is a Chinese term for an ancient Chinese cultural concept that denoted either the entire geographical world or the metaphysical realm of mortals, and later became associated with political sovereignty.

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Tomás Cloma

Tomás Arbolente Cloma Sr. (born Tomás Cloma y Arbolente; 18 September 1904 – 18 September 1996) was a Filipino lawyer and businessman from the province of Bohol.

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Trường Sa District

Trường Sa is an island district of Khánh Hòa Province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam.

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Treaty of Paris (1898)

The Treaty of Paris of 1898 (Filipino: Kasunduan sa Paris ng 1898; Spanish: Tratado de París (1898)) was an agreement made in 1898 that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire, especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.

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Treaty of San Francisco

, or commonly known as the Treaty of Peace with Japan, Peace Treaty of San Francisco, or San Francisco Peace Treaty), mostly between Japan and the Allied Powers, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951, in San Francisco. It came into force on April 28, 1952 and officially ended the American-led Allied Occupation of Japan. According to Article 11 of the Treaty, Japan accepts the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts imposed on Japan both within and outside Japan. This treaty served to officially end Japan's position as an imperial power, to allocate compensation to Allied civilians and former prisoners of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes during World War II, and to end the Allied post-war occupation of Japan and return sovereignty to that nation. This treaty made extensive use of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to enunciate the Allies' goals. This treaty, along with the Security Treaty signed that same day, is said to mark the beginning of the San Francisco System; this term, coined by historian John W. Dower, signifies the effects of Japan's relationship with the United States and its role in the international arena as determined by these two treaties and is used to discuss the ways in which these effects have governed Japan's post-war history. This treaty also introduced the problem of the legal status of Taiwan due to its lack of specificity as to what country Taiwan was to be surrendered, and hence some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that sovereignty of Taiwan is still undetermined.

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Type 053 frigate

The Type 053 frigates were a family of Chinese ships that served with the People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force, and a small number of foreign navies.

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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United States Pacific Fleet

The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is a Pacific Ocean theater-level component command of the United States Navy that provides naval forces to the United States Indo-Pacific Command.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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University of Malaya

The University of Malaya (UM; Universiti Malaya) is a public research university located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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USS Harnett County (LST-821)

USS LST-821, renamed USS Harnett County (LST-821/AGP-281), was an built for the United States Navy during World War II.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War (Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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White paper

A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.

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Zhou Enlai

Zhou Enlai (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976.

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1943 Cairo Declaration

The Cairo Declaration was the outcome of the Cairo Conference in Cairo, Egypt, on November 27, 1943.

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1954 Geneva Conference

The Geneva Conference was a conference among several nations that took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 26 – July 20, 1954.

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Redirects here:

Spratly Islands Dispute, Spratly islands dispute.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands_dispute

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