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Valentine's Day

Index Valentine's Day

Valentine's Day, also called Saint Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is celebrated annually on February 14. [1]

317 relations: A Charlie Brown Valentine, ABC News, ABC-CLIO, Acta Sanctorum, Admission to the Union, Affection, Alban Butler, Altair, Altar, American Greetings, Amethyst, Ancient Rome, Anglican Communion, Anne of Bohemia, Anthony of Padua, Antiquarian, Arizona, Arranged marriage, Aurelian, Av, Axial precession, Baba Dochia, Bajrang Dal, Balzan, Baptism, Battle of Agincourt, BBC, Bede, Beekeeper, Beirut, Bid‘ah, Bird, Birthstone, Bishop, Black Day (South Korea), Black market, Brazil, Brazilian Carnival, British Retail Consortium, Cadbury, Calendar of saints, Calendar of saints (Church of England), Calendar of saints (Lutheran), Candlemas, Cantonese, Capital punishment, Capitalism, Carmelites, Catacombs of San Valentino, Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, ..., Catholic Church, Catholic Encyclopedia, Charles Dickens, Charles VI of France, Charles, Duke of Orléans, China, Chinese calendar, Chinese culture, Christian, Christian denomination, Christian martyrs, Christian pilgrimage, Christian prayer, Christian views on marriage, Christianity, Christmas, Christmas Eve, Church of England, Claudius Gothicus, Colombia, Commercialism, Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia), Confectionery, Costa Rica, Courtly love, Cupid, Dating, Demonization, Denmark, Department stores in Japan, Dia dos Namorados, Diocletianic Persecution, Dominican Republic, Dragobete, Dreams Come True (band), Dwynwen, Dydd Santes Dwynwen, E-card, East Asia, East Malaysia, Eastern Orthodox Church, Edmund Spenser, El Salvador, El Universal (Mexico City), Elizabeth Gaskell, Elizabeth of Hungary, Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, England, English as a second or foreign language, English-speaking world, Epilepsy, Epithalamium, Esther Howland, Estonia, Fatwa, Finland, Flower, Francis de Sales, Frederick V of the Palatinate, General Roman Calendar, Geoffrey Chaucer, Gift wrapping, Giri (Japanese), Giri choco, Golden Legend, Goths, Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, Greeting card, Gregorian calendar, Guatemala, Hagiography, Hallmark holiday, Halloween, Hamlet, Heart (symbol), Hieromartyr, Hindu joint family, Hindu nationalism, Hippolytus of Rome, History (U.S. TV network), Hokkien, Honmei choco, Household, Hyacinth of Caesarea, India, Infobase Publishing, Intercession of saints, Intimate relationship, Iran, Isabeau of Bavaria, Isetan, Islamabad High Court, Islamic culture, Israel, J. B. Lippincott & Co., Jacobus da Varagine, Jajangmyeon, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, James VI and I, Japan, Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia, Jerusalem, Jesus, Jewellery, John Donne, John Foxe, John Gower, Joseph Ritson, Jousting, Julian calendar, July 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics), July 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics), Juno Februata, Kama Sutra, Kamadeva, Khajuraho Group of Monuments, Kitsch, Kohat, La Nación (San José), Latin America, Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection, Lebanon, Legendary material in Christian hagiography, List of Anglican Church calendars, Los Angeles Times, Love, Love coupon, Lupercalia, Lutheranism, Malta, Manchester Metropolitan University, Mantes-la-Jolie, March equinox, Marshmallow, Martyrology, Masaryk University, Mexico, Middle Ages, Miles Davis, Milky Way, Mishnah, Montreal Gazette, Morozoff Ltd., Mr. Harrison's Confessions, MTV, Muhyiddin Yassin, Multinational corporation, My Funny Valentine, Mysterii Paschalis, Neocolonialism, New Minster, Winchester, Norfolk, Norway, Noua Dreaptă, Novena, Office lady, Oricon, Otto de Grandson, Our Sunday Visitor, Paganism, Parlement of Foules, Paston Letters, Patron saint, Peninsular Malaysia, Penny Black, Pepero Day, Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, Peshawar, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Philippines, Pitt Rivers Museum, Pope, Pope Gelasius I, Pope Gregory I, Pope Julius I, Pope Nicholas IV, Portugal, Postcolonialism, Presbyter, Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Puerto Rico, Qixi Festival, Richard II of England, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa, Roman emperor, Romance (love), Rome, Rondeau (forme fixe), Rose, Roses Are Red, Rowland Hill, Rural poverty, Sabah, Sailor's valentine, Saint, Saint Valentine, Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, Saint Valentine's Key, Sangh Parivar, Santa Claus, Santa Maria in Cosmedin, Santa Prassede, Sarawak, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Gazette, Sayuri Kokushō, Second Vatican Council, Secret Santa, Sepandārmazgān, Shanghainese, Shiv Sena, Sidon, Singapore, Single (music), Singles Awareness Day, Slovenia, South Korea, Spring (season), Standard Chinese, Stanford University Press, Steak and Blowjob Day, Subash Chouhan, SUNY Press, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanabata, Teddy bear, Terni, The Catholic Herald, The Daily Telegraph, The Faerie Queene, The Japan Times, The Jerusalem Post, The Nation (Pakistan), The New York Times, The Pacer, The Straits Times, The Times of India, The Washington Post, Time (magazine), Tower of London, Traditionalist Catholicism, Tu B'Av, University of California Press, University of Hawaii Press, University of Oxford, V-Day (movement), Valentine Kiss, Valentine's Day (2010 film), Vega, Verse (poetry), Via Flaminia, Victorian era, Vincent of Saragossa, Wales, Wedding vow renewal ceremony, Western Christianity, White Carniola, White Day, Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church, Wikisource, William Shakespeare, Women's Memorial March, Worcester, Massachusetts, Working class, Yumi Matsutoya, Zdravko. Expand index (267 more) »

A Charlie Brown Valentine

A Charlie Brown Valentine is an animated television special, based on characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip Peanuts.

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ABC News

ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.

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ABC-CLIO

ABC-CLIO, LLC is a publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.

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Acta Sanctorum

Acta Sanctorum (Acts of the Saints) is an encyclopedic text in 68 folio volumes of documents examining the lives of Christian saints, in essence a critical hagiography, which is organised according to each saint's feast day.

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Admission to the Union

The Admission to the Union Clause of the United States Constitution, oftentimes called the New States Clause, and found at Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1, authorizes the Congress to admit new states into the United States beyond the thirteen already in existence at the time the Constitution went into effect.

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Affection

Affection, attraction, infatuation, or fondness is a "disposition or state of mind or body" that is often associated with a feeling or type of love.

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Alban Butler

Alban Butler (13 October 171015 May 1773) was an English Roman Catholic priest and hagiographer.

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Altair

Altair, also designated Alpha Aquilae (α Aquilae, abbreviated Alpha Aql, α Aql), is the brightest star in the constellation of Aquila and the twelfth brightest star in the night sky.

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Altar

An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices are made for religious purposes, and by extension the 'Holy table' of post-reformation Anglican churches.

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American Greetings

American Greetings Corporation, LLC is a privately-owned American company which is the world’s largest greeting card producer.

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Amethyst

Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz often used in jewelry.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Anglican Communion

The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion with 85 million members, founded in 1867 in London, England.

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Anne of Bohemia

Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II.

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Anthony of Padua

Saint Anthony of Padua (St.), born Fernando Martins de Bulhões (15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231), also known as Anthony of Lisbon, was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order.

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Antiquarian

An antiquarian or antiquary (from the Latin: antiquarius, meaning pertaining to ancient times) is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past.

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

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Arranged marriage

Arranged marriage is a type of marital union where the bride and groom are selected by individuals other than the couple themselves, particularly family members, such as the parents.

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Aurelian

Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus; 9 September 214 or 215September or October 275) was Roman Emperor from 270 to 275.

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Av

Av (אָב, Standard Av Tiberian ʾĀḇ Aramaic אבא Abba; from Akkadian abu; "father") is the eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar.

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Axial precession

In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis.

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Baba Dochia

In Romanian mythology, Baba Dochia, or The Old Dokia, is a figure identified with the return of spring.

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Bajrang Dal

The Bajrang Dal is a religious militant organisation that forms the youth wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP).

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Balzan

Balzan (Ħal Balzan) is a municipality in the Central Region of Malta, one of the so-called three villages, together with Attard and Lija.

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Baptism

Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα baptisma; see below) is a Christian sacrament of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into Christianity.

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Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt (Azincourt) was a major English victory in the Hundred Years' War.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Bede

Bede (italic; 672/3 – 26 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (Bēda Venerābilis), was an English Benedictine monk at the monastery of St.

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Beekeeper

A beekeeper is a person who keeps honey bees.

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Beirut

Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Bid‘ah

In Islam, bid‘ah (بدعة; innovation) refers to innovation in religious matters.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Birthstone

A birthstone is a gemstone that represents a person's month of birth.

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Bishop

A bishop (English derivation from the New Testament of the Christian Bible Greek επίσκοπος, epískopos, "overseer", "guardian") is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.

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Black Day (South Korea)

Black Day (Korean: 블랙데이) is an unofficial holiday observed on April 14 each year.

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Black market

A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or transaction that has some aspect of illegality or is characterized by some form of noncompliant behavior with an institutional set of rules.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Brazilian Carnival

The Carnival of Brazil (Carnaval do Brasil) is an annual Brazilian festival held between the Friday afternoon before Ash Wednesday and Ash Wednesday at noon, which marks the beginning of Lent, the forty-day period before Easter.

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British Retail Consortium

The British Retail Consortium (or BRC) is a trade association in the United Kingdom.

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Cadbury

Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's and Cadbury Schweppes, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.

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Calendar of saints

The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint.

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Calendar of saints (Church of England)

The Church of England commemorates many of the same saints as those in the General Roman Calendar, mostly on the same days, but also commemorates various notable (often post-Reformation) Christians who have not been canonised by Rome, with a particular though not exclusive emphasis on those of English origin.

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Calendar of saints (Lutheran)

The Lutheran Calendar of Saints is a listing which specifies the primary annual festivals and events that are celebrated liturgically by some Lutheran Churches in the United States.

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Candlemas

Candlemas (also spelled Candlemass), also known as the Feast of the Presentation of Our Lord Jesus and the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Christian Holy Day commemorating the presentation of Jesus at the Temple.

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Cantonese

The Cantonese language is a variety of Chinese spoken in the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding area in southeastern China.

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Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Carmelites

The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by synecdoche; Ordo Fratrum Beatissimæ Virginis Mariæ de Monte Carmelo) is a Roman Catholic religious order founded, probably in the 12th century, on Mount Carmel in the Crusader States, hence the name Carmelites.

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Catacombs of San Valentino

The Catacombs of San Valentino (Italian: Catacombe di San Valentino) is one of the catacombs of Rome (Italy), placed at the 2nd mile of the via Flaminia, now in Viale Maresciallo Pilsudski, in the modern Pinciano neighbourhood.

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Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales

The Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales (CBCEW) is the episcopal conference of the Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Catholic Encyclopedia

The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States and designed to serve the Roman Catholic Church.

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Charles Dickens

Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic.

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Charles VI of France

Charles VI (3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422), called the Beloved (le Bien-Aimé) and the Mad (le Fol or le Fou), was King of France for 42 years from 1380 to his death in 1422.

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Charles, Duke of Orléans

Charles of Orléans (24 November 1394 – 5 January 1465) was Duke of Orléans from 1407, following the murder of his father, Louis I, Duke of Orléans, on the orders of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese calendar

The traditional Chinese calendar (official Chinese name: Rural Calendar, alternately Former Calendar, Traditional Calendar, or Lunar Calendar) is a lunisolar calendar which reckons years, months and days according to astronomical phenomena.

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Chinese culture

Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago.

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Christian denomination

A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organisation, leadership and doctrine.

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Christian martyrs

A Christian martyr is a person who is killed because of their testimony for Jesus.

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Christian pilgrimage

Christianity has a strong tradition of pilgrimages, both to sites relevant to the New Testament narrative (especially in the Holy Land) and to sites associated with later saints or miracles.

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Christian prayer

Prayer is an important activity in Christianity, and there are several different forms of Christian prayer.

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Christian views on marriage

Marriage is the legally or formally recognized intimate and complementing union of two people as spousal partners in a personal relationship (historically and in most jurisdictions specifically a union between a man and a woman).

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Christmas

Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,Martindale, Cyril Charles.

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Christmas Eve

Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus.

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Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.

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Claudius Gothicus

Claudius Gothicus (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius Augustus;Jones, pg. 209 May 10, 210 – January 270), also known as Claudius II, was Roman emperor from 268 to 270.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.

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Commercialism

Commercialism is the application of both manufacturing and consumption towards personal usage, or the practices, methods, aims, and spirit of free enterprise geared toward generating profit.

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Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Saudi Arabia)

The Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (abbreviated CPVPV; هيئة الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر), also informally referred to as Hai’a, is the Saudi Arabian government agency employing “religious police” or Mutaween (مطوعين), to enforce Sharia Law within that Islamic nation.

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Confectionery

Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates.

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Costa Rica

Costa Rica ("Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.

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Courtly love

Courtly love (or fin'amor in Occitan) was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry.

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Cupid

In classical mythology, Cupid (Latin Cupīdō, meaning "desire") is the god of desire, erotic love, attraction and affection.

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Dating

Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.

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Demonization

Demonization is the reinterpretation of polytheistic deities as evil, lying demons by other religions, generally monotheistic and henotheistic ones.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Department stores in Japan

Department stores in Japan are referred to as hyakkaten or depāto (デパート), an alteration of the English term.

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Dia dos Namorados

Dia dos Namorados (Lovers' Day) is celebrated on June 12 in Brazil, due to the date's proximity to Saint Anthony's Day on June 13.

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Diocletianic Persecution

The Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic (República Dominicana) is a sovereign state located in the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region.

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Dragobete

Dragobete is a traditional Romanian holiday celebrated on February 24.

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Dreams Come True (band)

are a Japanese new wave/rhythm and blues band formed in 1988, originally consisting of Miwa Yoshida (lead vocals), Masato Nakamura (bass), and Takahiro Nishikawa (keyboards).

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Dwynwen

Saint Dwynwen (5th century), sometimes known as Dwyn or Donwen, is the Welsh patron saint of lovers.

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Dydd Santes Dwynwen

Dydd Santes Dwynwen (Welsh for St Dwynwen's Day) is considered to be the Welsh equivalent to Valentine's Day and is celebrated on 25 January every year.

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E-card

An E-card is similar to a postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being that it is created using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials.

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East Asia

East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.

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East Malaysia

East Malaysia (Malaysia Timur), also known as Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan (Sabah, Sarawak dan Labuan) or Malaysian Borneo, is the part of Malaysia on the island of Borneo, the world's third largest island.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.

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Edmund Spenser

Edmund Spenser (1552/1553 – 13 January 1599) was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I. He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of nascent Modern English verse, and is often considered one of the greatest poets in the English language.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador, literally "Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.

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El Universal (Mexico City)

El Universal is a major Mexican newspaper.

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Elizabeth Gaskell

Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, (née Stevenson; 29 September 1810 – 12 November 1865), often referred to as Mrs Gaskell, was an English novelist, biographer, and short story writer.

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Elizabeth of Hungary

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, T.O.S.F. (Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia or Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungary, Landgravine of Thuringia, Germany, and a greatly venerated Catholic saint who was an early member of the Third Order of St. Francis, by which she is honored as its patroness.

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Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia

Elizabeth Stuart (19 August 1596 – 13 February 1662) was Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia as the wife of Frederick V of the Palatinate.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English as a second or foreign language

English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages.

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English-speaking world

Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language.

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Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.

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Epithalamium

An epithalamium (Latin form of Greek ἐπιθαλάμιον epithalamion from ἐπί epi "upon," and θάλαμος thalamos nuptial chamber) is a poem written specifically for the bride on the way to her marital chamber.

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Esther Howland

Esther Howland (1828–1904) was an artist and businesswoman who was responsible for popularizing Valentine's Day greeting cards in America.

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Estonia

Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.

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Fatwa

A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).

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Francis de Sales

Francis de Sales (François de Sales; Francesco di Sales); 21 August 156728 December 1622) was a Bishop of Geneva and is honored as a saint in the Catholic Church. He became noted for his deep faith and his gentle approach to the religious divisions in his land resulting from the Protestant Reformation. He is known also for his writings on the topic of spiritual direction and spiritual formation, particularly the Introduction to the Devout Life and the Treatise on the Love of God.

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Frederick V of the Palatinate

Frederick V (Friedrich V.; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and served as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620.

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General Roman Calendar

The General Roman Calendar is the liturgical calendar that indicates the dates of celebrations of saints and mysteries of the Lord (Jesus Christ) in the Roman Rite, wherever this liturgical rite is in use.

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Geoffrey Chaucer

Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages.

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Gift wrapping

Gift wrapping is the act of enclosing a gift in some sort of material.

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Giri (Japanese)

is a Japanese value roughly corresponding to "duty", "obligation", or even "burden of obligation" in English.

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Giri choco

is chocolate given by women to men on Valentine's Day in Japan.

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Golden Legend

The Golden Legend (Latin: Legenda aurea or Legenda sanctorum) is a collection of hagiographies by Blessed Jacobus de Varagine that was widely read in late medieval Europe.

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Goths

The Goths (Gut-þiuda; Gothi) were an East Germanic people, two of whose branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire through the long series of Gothic Wars and in the emergence of Medieval Europe.

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Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America

The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, headquartered in New York City, is an eparchy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.

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Greeting card

A greeting card is an illustrated piece of card or high quality paper featuring an expression of friendship or other sentiment.

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Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used civil calendar in the world.

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Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala (República de Guatemala), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast.

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Hagiography

A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader.

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Hallmark holiday

"Hallmark holiday" is a term used predominantly in the United States to describe a holiday that is perceived to exist primarily for commercial purposes, rather than to commemorate a traditionally or historically significant event.

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Halloween

Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of All Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.

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Hamlet

The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602.

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Heart (symbol)

The heart shape is an ideograph used to express the idea of the "heart" in its metaphorical or symbolic sense as the center of emotion, including affection and love, especially romantic love.

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Hieromartyr

In the Eastern Orthodox tradition, a hieromartyr is a martyr (one who dies for his beliefs) who was a bishop or priest.

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Hindu joint family

A joint family or undivided family is an extended family arrangement prevalent throughout the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, consisting of many generations living in the same household, all bound by the common relationship.

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Hindu nationalism

Hindu nationalism has been collectively referred to as the expressions of social and political thought, based on the native spiritual and cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent.

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Hippolytus of Rome

Hippolytus of Rome (170 – 235 AD) was one of the most important 3rd-century theologians in the Christian Church in Rome, where he was probably born.

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History (U.S. TV network)

History (originally The History Channel from 1995 to 2008) is a history-based digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between the Hearst Communications and the Disney–ABC Television Group division of the Walt Disney Company.

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Hokkien

Hokkien (from) or (閩南語/閩南話), is a Southern Min Chinese dialect group originating from the Minnan region in the south-eastern part of Fujian Province in Southeastern China and Taiwan, and spoken widely there and by the Chinese diaspora in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines and other parts of Southeast Asia, and by other overseas Chinese all over the world.

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Honmei choco

in Japan is chocolate given by women on Valentine's Day to men whom the giver has romantic feelings for.

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Household

A household consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people.

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Hyacinth of Caesarea

Hyacinth (died 108) was a young Christian living at the start of the second century, who is honored as a martyr and a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Infobase Publishing

Infobase Publishing is an American publisher of reference book titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets.

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Intercession of saints

Intercession of the saints is a doctrine held by the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches.

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Intimate relationship

An intimate relationship is an interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Isabeau of Bavaria

Isabeau of Bavaria (or Isabelle; also Elisabeth of Bavaria-Ingolstadt; c. 1370 – 24 September 1435) was born into the House of Wittelsbach as the eldest daughter of Duke Stephen III of Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Taddea Visconti of Milan.

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Isetan

(unlisted on March 26, 2008) is a Japanese department store.

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Islamabad High Court

Islamabad High Court, located in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, was established under Islamabad High Court Act, 2010 after the 18th amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973.

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Islamic culture

Islamic culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe the cultural practices common to historically Islamic people -- i.e., the culture of the Islamicate.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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J. B. Lippincott & Co.

J.

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Jacobus da Varagine

Jacopo De Fazio, best known as the blessed Jacobus da Varagine (Giacomo da Varazze, Jacopo da Varazze; c. 1230July 13 or July 16, 1298) was an Italian chronicler and archbishop of Genoa.

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Jajangmyeon

Jajangmyeon or jjajangmyeon is a Korean Chinese noodle dish topped with a thick sauce made of chunjang, diced pork and vegetables.

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Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

Jamaat-e-Islami, (Urdu:; meaning "Islamic Congress") abbreviated JI, is a socially conservative and Islamist political party based in Pakistan.

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James VI and I

James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia

The Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia (JASGP), established in 1994, is a non-profit association of individuals, corporations and organizations in the Greater Philadelphia region.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jesus

Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Jewellery

Jewellery (British English) or jewelry (American English)see American and British spelling differences consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, pendants, bracelets, and cufflinks.

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John Donne

John Donne (22 January 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and cleric in the Church of England.

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John Foxe

John Foxe (1516/17 – 18 April 1587) was an English historian and martyrologist, the author of Actes and Monuments (popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs), an account of Christian martyrs throughout Western history, but emphasizing the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the 14th century through the reign of Mary I. Widely owned and read by English Puritans, the book helped to mould British popular opinion about the Catholic Church for several centuries.

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John Gower

John Gower (c. 1330 – October 1408) was an English poet, a contemporary of William Langland and the Pearl Poet, and a personal friend of Geoffrey Chaucer.

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Joseph Ritson

Joseph Ritson (2 October 1752 – 23 September 1803) was an English antiquary.

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Jousting

Jousting is a martial game or hastilude between two horsemen wielding lances with blunted tips, often as part of a tournament.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar.

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July 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 29 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 31.

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July 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 5 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 7 All fixed commemorations below celebrated on July 19 by Old Calendarists.

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Juno Februata

A festival said to be of Juno Februata or Juno Februa, though it does not appear in Ovid's Fasti, was described by Alban Butler, famous as the author of Butler's Lives of Saints, who presented an aspect of the Roman Lupercalia as a festival of a "Juno Februata", under the heading of February 14: Jack Oruch, who noted Butler's inventive confusion, noted that it was embellished by Francis Douce, in Illustrations of Shakespeare, and of Ancient Manners, new ed.

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Kama Sutra

The Kama Sutra (कामसूत्र) is an ancient Indian Hindu text written by Vātsyāyana.

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Kamadeva

Kāmadeva (Sanskrit in Devanagari: कामदेव), Kāma or Manmatha is the Hindu god of human love or desire, often portrayed along with his female counterpart Rati.

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Khajuraho Group of Monuments

The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a group of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh, India, about southeast of Jhansi.

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Kitsch

Kitsch (loanword from German), also called cheesiness or tackiness, is art or other objects that appeal to popular rather than high art tastes.

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Kohat

Kohat (کوهاټ, کوہاٹ), is a city in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan which serves as the capital of the Kohat District.

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La Nación (San José)

La Nación is a Costa Rican newspaper.

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection

Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection is a collection of greeting cards now in the Manchester Metropolitan University, in the Sir Kenneth Green Library, on the All Saints Campus.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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Legendary material in Christian hagiography

A legendary, in Christian literature, is a collection of biographies of saints or other holy figures.

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List of Anglican Church calendars

The Church of England uses a liturgical year that is in most respects identical to that of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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Love

Love encompasses a variety of different emotional and mental states, typically strongly and positively experienced, ranging from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest interpersonal affection and to the simplest pleasure.

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Love coupon

A love coupon is a romantic way of expressing one's feelings for a partner in a relationship.

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Lupercalia

Lupercalia was a very ancient, possibly pre-Roman pastoral annual festival, observed in the city of Rome on February 15, to avert evil spirits and purify the city, releasing health and fertility.

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Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.

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Malta

Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Manchester Metropolitan University

Manchester Metropolitan University (often referred to as Manchester Met, Man Met, or MMU) is a new, public university located in Manchester, England.

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Mantes-la-Jolie

Mantes-la-Jolie (often informally called Mantes) is a commune based in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

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March equinox

The March equinox or Northward equinox is the equinox on the Earth when the subsolar point appears to leave the southern hemisphere and cross the celestial equator, heading northward as seen from Earth.

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Marshmallow

A marshmallow is a sugar-based confectionery that in its modern form typically consists of sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a squishy consistency, molded into small cylindrical pieces, and coated with corn starch.

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Martyrology

A martyrology is a catalogue or list of martyrs and other saints and beati arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts.

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Masaryk University

Masaryk University (Masarykova univerzita; Universitas Masarykiana Brunensis) is the second largest university in the Czech Republic, a member of the Compostela Group and the Utrecht Network.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Miles Davis

Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer.

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Milky Way

The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.

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Mishnah

The Mishnah or Mishna (מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah, or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions known as the "Oral Torah".

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Montreal Gazette

The Montreal Gazette, formerly titled The Gazette, is the only English-language daily newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, after three other daily English newspapers shut down at various times during the second half of the 20th century.

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Morozoff Ltd.

is a confectionery and cake company headquartered in Kobe, Japan.

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Mr. Harrison's Confessions

Mr.

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MTV

MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City.

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Muhyiddin Yassin

Tan Sri Dato' (Dr.) Haji Muhyiddin bin Haji Muhammad Yassin (Jawi: محي الدين بن محمد يسٓ; IPA: m̩ʊhʎ̩i̯d̪d̪i̯n ɓi̯n̩ m̩ʊhɑ̯m̩ɱad y̯ɑ̯ssi̯n̩) (born 15 May 1947) is a Malaysian politician who is the incumbent Minister of Home Affairs of Malaysia, Member of Parliament for Pagoh, Member of Johor State Legislative Assembly for Gambir, Deputy President of Pakatan Harapan and President of Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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My Funny Valentine

"My Funny Valentine" is a show tune from the 1937 Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart musical Babes in Arms in which it was introduced by former child star Mitzi Green.

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Mysterii Paschalis

Mysterii Paschalis is the incipit of an apostolic letter issued motu proprio (that is, "of his own accord") by Pope Paul VI on 14 February 1969.

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Neocolonialism

Neocolonialism, neo-colonialism or neo-imperialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization and cultural imperialism to influence a developing country in lieu of direct military control (imperialism) or indirect political control (hegemony).

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New Minster, Winchester

The New Minster in Winchester was a royal Benedictine abbey founded in 901 in Winchester in the English county of Hampshire.

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Norfolk

Norfolk is a county in East Anglia in England.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Noua Dreaptă

Noua Dreaptă (The New Right) is an ultranationalist, far-right organization in Romania and Moldova, founded in 2000.

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Novena

A novena (from Latin: novem, "nine") is an ancient tradition of devotional praying in Christianity, consisting of private or public prayers repeated for nine successive days or weeks.

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Office lady

An office lady, often abbreviated OL, is a female office worker in Japan who performs generally pink collar tasks such as serving tea and secretarial or clerical work.

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Oricon

, established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group that supplies statistics and information on music and the music industry in Japan.

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Otto de Grandson

Otto de Grandson, also spelled Otton, Othon or Otho (c. 1238–1328), was the most prominent of the Savoyard knights in the service of Edward I, King of England.

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Our Sunday Visitor

Our Sunday Visitor is a Roman Catholic publishing company in Huntington, Indiana, which prints the American national weekly newspaper of that name, as well as numerous Catholic periodicals, religious books, pamphlets, catechetical materials, inserts for parish bulletins and offertory envelopes, and offers an "Online Giving" system and "Faith in Action" websites for parishes.

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Paganism

Paganism is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for populations of the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ).

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Parlement of Foules

The Parlement of Foules (also known as the Parliament of Foules, Parlement of Briddes, Assembly of Fowls, Assemble of Foules, or The Parliament of Birds) is a poem by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343?–1400) made up of approximately 700 lines.

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Paston Letters

The Paston Letters are a collection of correspondences between members of the Paston family of Norfolk gentry and others connected with them in England between the years 1422 and 1509.

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Patron saint

A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or particular branches of Islam, is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family or person.

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Peninsular Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula and surrounding islands.

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Penny Black

The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system.

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Pepero Day

Pepero Day is an observance in South Korea similar to Valentine's Day, but held on November 11.

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Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire

Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire occurred intermittently over a period of over two centuries between the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD under Nero Caesar and the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, in which the Roman Emperors Constantine the Great and Licinius legalised the Christian religion.

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Peshawar

Peshawar (پېښور; پشاور; پشور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

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Philippine Daily Inquirer

The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is a newspaper in the Philippines.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Pitt Rivers Museum

The Pitt Rivers Museum is a museum displaying the archaeological and anthropological collections of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England.

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Pope

The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope Gelasius I

Pope Gelasius I (died 19 November 496) was Pope from 1 March 492 to his death in 496.

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Pope Gregory I

Pope Saint Gregory I (Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, Gregory had come to be known as 'the Great' by the late ninth century, a title which is still applied to him.

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Pope Julius I

Pope Julius I (died 12 April 352) was Pope of the Catholic Church from 6 February 337 to his death in 352.

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Pope Nicholas IV

Pope Nicholas IV (Nicolaus IV; 30 September 1227 – 4 April 1292), born Girolamo Masci, Pope from 22 February 1288 to his death in 1292.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Postcolonialism

Postcolonialism or postcolonial studies is the academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the human consequences of the control and exploitation of colonised people and their lands.

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Presbyter

In the New Testament, a presbyter (Greek πρεσβύτερος: "elder") is a leader of a local Christian congregation.

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Presentation of Jesus at the Temple

The Presentation of Jesus at the Temple is an early episode in the life of Jesus, describing his presentation at the Temple in Jerusalem in order to officially induct him into Judaism, that is celebrated by many Christian Churches on the holiday of Candlemas.

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Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.

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Qixi Festival

The Qixi Festival, also known as the Qiqiao Festival, is a Chinese festival that celebrates the annual meeting of the cowherd and weaver girl in Chinese mythology.. It falls on the 7th day of the 7th month on the Chinese calendar... It is sometimes called the Double Seventh Festival, the Chinese Valentine's Day, the Night of Sevens, or the Magpie Festival. The festival originated from the romantic legend of two lovers, Jen and Rea, who were the weaver maid and the cowherd, respectively. The tale of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has been celebrated in the Qixi Festival since the Han Dynasty.. The earliest-known reference to this famous myth dates back to over 2600 years ago, which was told in a poem from the Classic of Poetry.. The Qixi festival inspired the Tanabata festival in Japan and Chilseok festival in Korea.

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Richard II of England

Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa

The Archdiocese of Genoa (Archidioecesis Ianuensis) is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Italy.

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Roman emperor

The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC).

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Romance (love)

Romance is the expressive and generally pleasurable feeling from an emotional attraction towards another person.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Rondeau (forme fixe)

A rondeau (plural rondeaux) is a form of medieval and Renaissance French poetry, as well as the corresponding musical chanson form.

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Rose

A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears.

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Roses Are Red

"Roses Are Red" can refer to a specific poem, or a class of poems inspired by that poem.

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Rowland Hill

Sir Rowland Hill, KCB, FRS (3 December 1795 – 27 August 1879) was an English teacher, inventor and social reformer.

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Rural poverty

Rural poverty refers to poverty found in rural areas, including factors of rural society, rural economy, and rural political systems that give rise to the poverty found there.

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Sabah

Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo Island.

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Sailor's valentine

A sailor's valentine is a form of shellcraft, a type of mostly antique souvenir, or sentimental gift made using large numbers of small seashells.

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Saint

A saint (also historically known as a hallow) is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness or closeness to God.

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Saint Valentine

Saint Valentine (San Valentino, Valentinus), officially Saint Valentine of Rome, was a widely recognized 3rd-century Roman saint commemorated on February 14 and since the High Middle Ages is associated with a tradition of courtly love.

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Saint Valentine's Day Massacre

The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre is the name given to the 1929 murder of seven members and associates of Chicago's North Side Gang.

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Saint Valentine's Key

Saint Valentine’s key is a charm used in the province of Padua, Italy.

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Sangh Parivar

The Sangh Parivar (Family of Organisations) refers to the family of Hindu nationalist organisations which have been started by members of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) or drew inspiration from its ideology.

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Santa Claus

Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Kris Kringle, Father Christmas, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts to the homes of well-behaved ("good" or "nice") children on Christmas Eve (24 December) and the early morning hours of Christmas Day (25 December).

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Santa Maria in Cosmedin

The Basilica of Saint Mary in Cosmedin (Basilica di Santa Maria in Cosmedin or de Schola Graeca) is a minor basilica church in Rome, Italy.

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Santa Prassede

The Basilica of Saint Praxedes (Basilica Sanctae Praxedis, Basilica di Santa Prassede all’Esquillino), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an ancient titular church and minor basilica in Rome, Italy, located near the papal basilica of Saint Mary Major.

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Sarawak

Sarawak is a state of Malaysia.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Saudi Gazette

Saudi Gazette is the leading English-language daily newspaper published in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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Sayuri Kokushō

is a Japanese actor, singer, and tarento.

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Second Vatican Council

The Second Vatican Council, fully the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican and informally known as addressed relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world.

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Secret Santa

Secret Santa is a Western Christmas tradition in which members of a group or community are randomly assigned a person to whom they give a gift.

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Sepandārmazgān

Sepandārmazgān (سپندارمذگان) or Espandegān (اسپندکان) is an ancient Iranian festival with Zoroastrian roots dating back to the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire.

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Shanghainese

No description.

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Shiv Sena

Shiv Sena (IAST: Śiva Sēnā) (translation; Army of Shivaji), is an Indian far-right regional political party.

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Sidon

Sidon (صيدا, صيدون,; French: Saida; Phoenician: 𐤑𐤃𐤍, Ṣīdūn; Biblical Hebrew:, Ṣīḏōn; Σιδών), translated to 'fishery' or 'fishing-town', is the third-largest city in Lebanon.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Single (music)

In music, a single, record single or music single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record.

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Singles Awareness Day

Singles Awareness Day (or Singles Appreciation Day) is a holiday celebrated by single people.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:, abbr.: RS), is a country in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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Spring (season)

Spring is one of the four conventional temperate seasons, following winter and preceding summer.

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Standard Chinese

Standard Chinese, also known as Modern Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin, or simply Mandarin, is a standard variety of Chinese that is the sole official language of both China and Taiwan (de facto), and also one of the four official languages of Singapore.

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Stanford University Press

The Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Steak and Blowjob Day

Steak and Blowjob Day (sometimes Steak & BJ Day or Steak and Knobber Day) is a satirical holiday created in the United States as a male response to Valentine's Day and celebrated a month later, on 14 March.

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Subash Chouhan

Subash Chouhan was the national President of the Bajrang Dal (army of Hanuman), a Hindutva organization in India that is the youth wing of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP).

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SUNY Press

The State University of New York Press (or SUNY Press), is a university press and a Center for Scholarly Communication.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tanabata

, also known as the Star Festival, is a Japanese festival originating from the Chinese Qixi Festival.

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Teddy bear

A teddy bear is a soft toy in the form of a bear.

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Terni

Terni (Interamna Nahars) is a city in the southern portion of the region of Umbria in central Italy.

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The Catholic Herald

The Catholic Herald is a London-based Roman Catholic magazine, published in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Faerie Queene

The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser.

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The Japan Times

The Japan Times is Japan's largest and oldest English-language daily newspaper.

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The Jerusalem Post

The Jerusalem Post is a broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as The Palestine Post.

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The Nation (Pakistan)

The Nation is an English-language daily newspaper based in Lahore, Pakistan since 1986.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Pacer

The Pacer, founded in 1928, is the name of the student newspaper of the University of Tennessee at Martin.

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The Straits Times

The Straits Times is an English-language daily broadsheet newspaper based in Singapore currently owned by Singapore Press Holdings (SPH).

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The Times of India

The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Times Group.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Tower of London

The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

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Traditionalist Catholicism

Traditionalist Catholicism is a movement of Catholics in favour of restoring many or all of the customs, traditions, liturgical forms, public and private devotions and presentations of the teaching of the Catholic Church before the Second Vatican Council (1962–65).

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Tu B'Av

Tu B'Av (Hebrew: ט"ו באב, the fifteenth of the month ''Av'') is a minor Jewish holiday.

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University of California Press

University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.

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University of Hawaii Press

The University of Hawaii Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiokinai.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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V-Day (movement)

V-Day, February 14, is a global activist movement to end violence against women and girls started by author, playwright and activist Eve Ensler.

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Valentine Kiss

is the solo debut J-pop single from Sayuri Kokushō (though it was billed on the cover as "Sayuri Kokushō with Onyanko Club) released on February 1, 1986 by CBS Sony in Japan.

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Valentine's Day (2010 film)

Valentine's Day is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall.

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Vega

Vega, also designated Alpha Lyrae (α Lyrae, abbreviated Alpha Lyr or α Lyr), is the brightest star in the constellation of Lyra, the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, and the second-brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus.

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Verse (poetry)

In the countable sense, a verse is formally a single metrical line in a poetic composition.

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Via Flaminia

The Via Flaminia was an ancient Roman road leading from Rome over the Apennine Mountains to Ariminum (Rimini) on the coast of the Adriatic Sea, and due to the ruggedness of the mountains was the major option the Romans had for travel between Etruria, Latium, Campania, and the Po Valley.

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Victorian era

In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.

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Vincent of Saragossa

Saint Vincent of Saragossa, also known as Vincent Martyr, Vincent of Huesca or Vincent the Deacon, the Protomartyr of Spain, was a deacon of the Church of Saragossa.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Wedding vow renewal ceremony

A wedding vow renewal ceremony is a ceremony in which a married couple renew or reaffirm their wedding vows.

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Western Christianity

Western Christianity is the type of Christianity which developed in the areas of the former Western Roman Empire.

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White Carniola

White Carniola (Bela krajina; Weißkrain or Weiße Mark) is a small traditional region in southeastern Slovenia on the border with Croatia.

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White Day

White Day is a day that is marked in Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia and China on March 14, one month after Valentine's Day.

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Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church

The Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church is a Roman Catholic church in Dublin, Ireland maintained by the Carmelite order.

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Wikisource

Wikisource is an online digital library of free content textual sources on a wiki, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation.

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

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Women's Memorial March

The Women’s Memorial March is an annual event held on Valentine's Day that originated in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside, to call attention to missing and murdered women in the district.

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Worcester, Massachusetts

Worcester is a city and the county seat of Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.

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Working class

The working class (also labouring class) are the people employed for wages, especially in manual-labour occupations and industrial work.

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Yumi Matsutoya

, nicknamed, is a Japanese singer, composer, lyricist and pianist.

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Zdravko

Zdravko (Cyrillic script: Здравко) is a masculine given name of Slavic origin derived from word "zdrav" meaning "healthy".

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Redirects here:

Black Love Day, Rose Day, Saint Valentine's, Saint Valentine's Day, Saint Valentine's day, Saint Valentines Day, St Valentine's Day, St Valentine's day, St Valentines Day, St Valentines day, St. Valentine's, St. Valentine's Day, St. Valentine's day, St. Valentines, St. Valentines Day, Valentine Day, Valentine card, Valentine day, Valentine's, Valentine's Day Flowers, Valentine's Day flowers, Valentine's day, Valentine`s Day, Valentines, Valentines Day, Valentines day, Valentine’s Day.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine's_Day

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