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59 relations: Adenosine triphosphate, Adipocyte, Ageing, Angiogenesis, Arrector pili muscle, Autocrine signalling, Bone marrow, Calcium, Carcinogenesis, CDH1 (gene), Decapentaplegic, Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Epithelium, Fate mapping, Fibroblast, Fibroblast growth factor, Gap junction, Genetic drift, Hematopoietic stem cell, Histology, Homeobox protein NANOG, Hypoxia (medical), Hypoxia-inducible factors, Inflammation, Interleukin 22, Intestinal gland, Juxtacrine signalling, Keratin 15, KLF4, Liver sinusoid, Marrow adipose tissue, Melanoma, Metastasis, Monocyte, Mutational meltdown, Myc, Nature (journal), Oct-4, Oncogene, Oogenesis, Organoid, Ovariole, Oxidative stress, P53, Paracrine signalling, Piwi, Platelet-derived growth factor, RAD51, ..., Radiation therapy, Reactive oxygen species, Sonic hedgehog, SOX2, Stem cell, Stem-cell niche, Trade-off, Transforming growth factor beta, Vasa gene. Expand index (9 more) »
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.
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Adipocyte
Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.
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Ageing
Ageing or aging (see spelling differences) is the process of becoming older.
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Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.
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Arrector pili muscle
The arrector pili muscles are small muscles attached to hair follicles in mammals.
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Autocrine signalling
Autocrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell.
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Bone marrow
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
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CDH1 (gene)
Cadherin-1 also known as CAM 120/80 or epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) or uvomorulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH1 gene.
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Decapentaplegic
Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is a key morphogen involved in the development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and is the first validated secreted morphogen.
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Drosophila
Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.
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Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.
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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and gain migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal stem cells; these are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Fate mapping
In developmental biology, fate mapping is a method of understanding the embryonic origin of various tissues in the adult organism by establishing the correspondence between individual cells (or groups of cells) at one stage of development, and their progeny at later stages of development.
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Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing.
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Fibroblast growth factor
The fibroblast growth factors are a family of cell signalling proteins that are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development.
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Gap junction
A gap junction may also be called a nexus or macula communicans.
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Genetic drift
Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
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Hematopoietic stem cell
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells.
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Histology
Histology, also microanatomy, is the study of the anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals using microscopy.
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Homeobox protein NANOG
NANOG (pron. nanOg) is a transcription factor critically involved with self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.
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Hypoxia (medical)
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
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Hypoxia-inducible factors
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to decreases in available oxygen in the cellular environment, or hypoxia.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Interleukin 22
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene.
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Intestinal gland
In histology, an intestinal gland (also crypt of Lieberkühn and intestinal crypt) is a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine (colon).
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Juxtacrine signalling
In biology, juxtacrine signalling (or contact-dependent signalling) is a type of cell / cell or cell / extracellular matrix signalling in multicellular organisms that requires close contact.
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Keratin 15
Keratin 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT15 gene.
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KLF4
Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4; gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor or GKLF) is a zinc-finger transcription factor, and it was first identified in 1996.
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Liver sinusoid
A liver sinusoid is a type of sinusoidal blood vessel (with fenestrated, discontinuous endothelium) that serves as a location for mixing of the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.
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Marrow adipose tissue
Marrow adipose tissue (MAT), also known as bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), increases in states of low bone density -osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa/ caloric restriction, skeletal unweighting, anti-diabetes therapies). The marrow adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) progenitors that also give rise to osteoblasts, among other cell types. Thus, it is thought that MAT results from preferential MSC differentiation into the adipocyte, rather than osteoblast, lineage in the setting of osteoporosis. Since MAT is increased in the setting of obesity and is suppressed by endurance exercise, or vibration, it is likely that MAT physiology- in the setting of mechanical input/exercise- approximates that of white adipose tissue (WAT). MAT has qualities of both white and brown fat. Subcutaneous white fat contain excess energy, indicating a clear evolutionary advantage during times of scarcity. WAT is also the source of adipokines and inflammatory markers which have both positive (e.g., adiponectin) and negative effects on metabolic and cardiovascular endpoints. Visceral abdominal fat (VAT) is a distinct type of WAT that is "proportionally associated with negative metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity", regenerates cortisol, and recently has been tied to decreased bone formation Both types of WAT substantially differ from brown adipose tissue (BAT) as by a group of proteins that help BAT’s thermogenic role. MAT, by its "specific marrow location, and its adipocyte origin from at least LepR+ marrow MSC is separated from non-bone fat storage by larger expression of bone transcription factors", and likely indicates a different fat phenotype. Recently, MAT was noted to "produce a greater proportion of adiponectin - an adipokine associated with improved metabolism - than WAT", suggesting an endocrine function for this depot, akin, but different, from that of WAT.
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Melanoma
Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.
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Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; it is typically spoken of as such spread by a cancerous tumor.
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Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell.
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Mutational meltdown
Mutational meltdown (not to be confused with the concept of an error catastrophe) is the accumulation of harmful mutations in a small population, which leads to loss of fitness and decline of the population size, which may lead to further accumulation of deleterious mutations due to fixation by genetic drift.
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Myc
Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Oct-4
Oct-4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4), also known as POU5F1 (POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU5F1 gene.
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Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
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Oogenesis
Oogenesis, ovogenesis, or oögenesis is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further development when fertilized.
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Organoid
An organoid is a miniaturized and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions that shows realistic micro-anatomy.
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Ovariole
An ovariole is one of the tubes of which the ovaries of most insects are composed.
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Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
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P53
Tumor protein p53, also known as p53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), phosphoprotein p53, tumor suppressor p53, antigen NY-CO-13, or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53), is any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in various organisms, such as TP53 (humans) and Trp53 (mice).
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Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior of those cells.
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Piwi
Piwi (or PIWI) genes were identified as regulatory proteins responsible for stem cell and germ cell differentiation.
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Platelet-derived growth factor
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of numerous growth factors that regulate cell growth and division.
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RAD51
RAD51 is a eukaryotic gene.
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Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator.
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Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
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Sonic hedgehog
Sonic hedgehog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHH ("sonic hedgehog") gene.
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SOX2
SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining self-renewal, or pluripotency, of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.
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Stem cell
Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.
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Stem-cell niche
Stem-cell niche refers to a microenvironment, within the specific anatomic location where stem cells are found, which interacts with stem cells to regulate cell fate.
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Trade-off
A trade-off (or tradeoff) is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing one quality, quantity or property of a set or design in return for gains in other aspects.
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Transforming growth factor beta
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor superfamily that includes four different isoforms (TGF-β 1 to 4, HGNC symbols TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFB4) and many other signaling proteins produced by all white blood cell lineages.
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Vasa gene
Vasa is an RNA binding protein with an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is a member of the DEAD box family of proteins.
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Redirects here:
Niche cell, Niché cell, Stem cell niche, Stem cell niché.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-cell_niche
