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199 relations: Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Fadl, Acarnania, Alaşehir, Albanians, Aleppo, Alexios Apokaukos, Alexios I Komnenos, Alexios III of Trebizond, Alexios Philanthropenos, Alexios Raoul, Alexios Tzamplakon, Anatolia, Andronikos II Palaiologos, Andronikos III Palaiologos, Andronikos Palaiologos (died 1344), Anglicisation, Anna of Savoy, Antioch, Apostasy in Islam, Ardabur (consul 427), Asenovgrad, Aspietes (general under Alexios I), Balkans, Bardas Skleros, Basil of Trebizond, Basileopator, Basilios Bessarion, Battle of Pharsalus (1277), Bible, Brontochion Monastery, Byzantine army, Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328, Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, Capetian House of Anjou, Cappadocia (theme), Catalan Company, Chalkidiki, Charsianon, Chartoularios, Church History (Eusebius), Cilicia, Constantine IX Monomachos, Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII), Constantine XI Palaiologos, Council of Chalcedon, Crossbow, Cyprus, Dardanelles, ..., Demetrias, Demetrios Palaiologos Metochites, Demetrios Tzamplakon, Despotate of the Morea, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Domestic of the Schools, Doukas, Dux, Dvin (ancient city), Empire of Nicaea, Enez, Epi tes trapezes, Escorial Taktikon, Eumathios Philokales, Eunapius, Eunuch, Eusebius, Eustathius of Thessalonica, Fall of Constantinople, Fanari, Karditsa, Garrison, George Choumnos, George Kodinos, George Mouzalon, George Tagaris, Golden bull, Grand Domestic, Greek language, Hagia Sophia, Hamdanid dynasty, Hellenistic period, Intendant, Irene Palaiologina of Trebizond, Isaac I Komnenos, Isaac Komnenos (brother of Alexios I), Isaac Komnenos (son of Alexios I), Joannes Zonaras, John Choumnos, John Eugenikos, John I Doukas of Thessaly, John I Tzimiskes, John II Komnenos, John III Doukas Vatatzes, John Synadenos (megas konostaulos), John Synadenos (megas stratopedarches), John V Palaiologos, John Vatatzes (megas stratopedarches), John VI Kantakouzenos, John VIII Palaiologos, John XIV of Constantinople, Josephus, Jovian (emperor), Kabbadion, Karasids, Kavala, Laconia, Lemnos, Leo I the Thracian, Limnia (Pontus), Macedonia (region), Magister militum, Malagina, Manuel Philes, Manuel Tagaris, Marines, Markos Palaiologos Iagaris, Megas doux, Michael IX Palaiologos, Michael Shishman of Bulgaria, Michael VII Doukas, Michael VIII Palaiologos, Mitato, Morea, Mount Athos, Mystras, Nea Zichni, Near East, Neokastra, Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger, Nikephoros II Phokas, Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes, Niketas Scholares, Nikolaos Oikonomides, Olympiodorus of Thebes, Orphanotrophos, Ottoman Turks, Pantokratoros Monastery, Parakoimomenos, Patrician (ancient Rome), Pechenegs, Peter (stratopedarches), Plague (disease), Pope Innocent VI, Praefectus castrorum, Praetorian Guard, Praetorian prefect, Primicerius, Primus pilus, Proedros, Protokynegos, Protosebastos, Protospatharios, Protostrator, Protovestiarios, Quartermaster, Rhaiktor, Rhodope Mountains, Rodolphe Guilland, Roman legion, Rome, Sarukhanids, Sebastokrator, Sebastos, Serres, Shaddadids, Sicily (theme), Siege of Antioch (968–969), Siege of Berat (1280–1281), Siege of Dorostolon, Sphrantzes Palaiologos, Stefan Dušan, Strategos, Stratelates, Struma (river), Strumica, Synod, Syrgiannes Palaiologos, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, Thasos, The Jewish War, Theme (Byzantine district), Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century), Theodore II Laskaris, Theodore Metochites, Theodore Pileles Doranites, Theodore Synadenos, Theodore the Studite, Theophanes the Confessor, Theophilos (emperor), Thessaloniki, Thessaly, Thracesian Theme, Trabzon, Trapezuntine Civil War, Trikala, Tsakonia, Typhus, Vestiaritai, Zeno (consul 448). Expand index (149 more) »
Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Fadl
Abu'l-Aswar or Abu'l-Asvar Shavur ibn Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Shaddad was a member of the Shaddadid dynasty.
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Acarnania
Acarnania (Ακαρνανία) is a region of west-central Greece that lies along the Ionian Sea, west of Aetolia, with the Achelous River for a boundary, and north of the gulf of Calydon, which is the entrance to the Gulf of Corinth.
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Alaşehir
Alaşehir, in Antiquity and the Middle Ages known as Philadelphia (Φιλαδέλφεια, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother") is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey.
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Albanians
The Albanians (Shqiptarët) are a European ethnic group that is predominantly native to Albania, Kosovo, western Macedonia, southern Serbia, southeastern Montenegro and northwestern Greece, who share a common ancestry, culture and language.
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Aleppo
Aleppo (ﺣﻠﺐ / ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, serving as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most-populous Syrian governorate.
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Alexios Apokaukos
Alexios Apokaukos (Ἀλέξιος Ἀπόκαυκος; died 1345), also Latinized as Alexius Apocaucus, was a leading Byzantine statesman and high-ranking military officer (megas doux) during the reigns of emperors Andronikos III Palaiologos (r. 1328–1341) and John V Palaiologos (r. 1341–1357).
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Alexios I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos (Ἀλέξιος Αʹ Κομνηνός., c. 1048 – 15 August 1118) was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118.
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Alexios III of Trebizond
Alexios III Megas Komnenos (translit, 5 October 1338 – 20 March 1390), or Alexius III, was Emperor of Trebizond from December 1349 until his death.
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Alexios Philanthropenos
Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos (Ἀλέξιος Δούκας Φιλανθρωπηνός) was a Byzantine nobleman and notable general.
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Alexios Raoul
Alexios Raoul (Ἀλέξιος Ῥαούλ; died circa 1258) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general of the Empire of Nicaea.
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Alexios Tzamplakon
Alexios Tzamplakon (Ἀλέξιος Τζαμπλάκων) was a Byzantine aristocrat and high official.
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Anatolia
Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.
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Andronikos II Palaiologos
Andronikos II Palaiologos (Ἀνδρόνικος Βʹ Παλαιολόγος; 25 March 1259 – 13 February 1332), usually Latinized as Andronicus II Palaeologus, was Byzantine emperor from 11 December 1282 to 23 or 24 May 1328.
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Andronikos III Palaiologos
Andronikos III Palaiologos (Ανδρόνικος Γʹ Παλαιολόγος; 25 March 1297 – 15 June 1341), commonly Latinized as Andronicus III Palaeologus, was Byzantine emperor from 1328 to 1341.
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Andronikos Palaiologos (died 1344)
Andronikos Palaiologos (Ἀνδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος; died July 1344) was a Byzantine aristocrat and military commander during the Byzantine civil war of 1341–47.
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Anglicisation
Anglicisation (or anglicization, see English spelling differences), occasionally anglification, anglifying, englishing, refers to modifications made to foreign words, names and phrases to make them easier to spell, pronounce, or understand in English.
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Anna of Savoy
Anna of Savoy, born Giovanna (1306–1365) was a Byzantine Empress consort, as the second spouse of Andronikos III Palaiologos.
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Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia je epi Oróntou; also Syrian Antioch)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ, "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη, "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiok; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; Hebrew: אנטיוכיה, Antiyokhya; Arabic: انطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.
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Apostasy in Islam
Apostasy in Islam (ردة or ارتداد) is commonly defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a Muslim in word or through deed.
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Ardabur (consul 427)
Ardabur or Ardaburius (Ἀρδαβούριος) served as magister militum in the East Roman army in the 420s, under Theodosius II.
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Asenovgrad
Asenovgrad (Асеновград, until 1934 Stanimaka, Станимака; Στενήμαχος) is a town in central southern Bulgaria, part of Plovdiv Province.
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Aspietes (general under Alexios I)
Aspietes (Ἀσπιέτης) was an Armenian nobleman who entered the service of the Byzantine Empire and served during much of the reign of Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1118).
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Bardas Skleros
Bardas Skleros (Greek: Βάρδας Σκληρός) or Sclerus was a Byzantine general who led a wide-scale Asian rebellion against Emperor Basil II in 976–979.
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Basil of Trebizond
Basil Megas Komnenos (Basileios Megas Komnēnos) (died 6 April 1340) was Emperor of Trebizond from August 1332 until his death in 1340.
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Basileopator
Basileopatōr (βασιλεοπάτωρ, literally "father of the basileus ") was one of the highest secular titles of the Byzantine Empire.
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Basilios Bessarion
Basilios (or Basilius) Bessarion (Greek: Βασίλειος Βησσαρίων; 2 January 1403 – 18 November 1472), a Roman Catholic Cardinal Bishop and the titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, was one of the illustrious Greek scholars who contributed to the great revival of letters in the 15th century.
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Battle of Pharsalus (1277)
The Battle of Pharsalus was fought in late 1277 at the plain of Pharsalus in Thessaly between an invading Byzantine army led by the megas stratopedarches John Synadenos and megas konostaulos Michael Kaballarios, and the forces of John I Doukas, ruler of Thessaly.
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Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.
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Brontochion Monastery
Brontochion Monastery (Βροντόχιον, Μονή Βροντοχίου) is a monastery in Mystras, Greece.
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Byzantine army
The Byzantine army or Eastern Roman army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine navy.
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Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
The Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 was a series of conflicts fought in the 1320s between the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos and his grandson Andronikos III Palaiologos over control of the Byzantine Empire.
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Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, sometimes referred to as the Second Palaiologan Civil War, was a conflict that broke out in the Byzantine Empire after the death of Andronikos III Palaiologos over the guardianship of his nine-year-old son and heir, John V Palaiologos.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Palaiologoi dynasty in a period spanning from 1261 to 1453 AD, from the restoration of Byzantine rule to Constantinople by the usurper Michael VIII Palaiologos following its recapture from the Latin Empire, founded after the Fourth Crusade (1204), up to the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire.
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Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty.
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Cappadocia (theme)
The Theme of Cappadocia (θέμα Καππαδοκίας) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) encompassing the southern portion of the namesake region from the early 9th to the late 11th centuries.
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Catalan Company
The Catalan Company or the Great Catalan Company (Catalan: Gran Companyia Catalana, Latin: Exercitus francorum, Societatis exercitus catalanorum, Societatis cathalanorum, Magna Societas Catalanorum) was a company of mercenaries led by Roger de Flor in the early 14th century and hired by the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos to combat the increasing power of the Turks.
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Chalkidiki
Chalkidiki, also spelt Chalkidike, Chalcidice or Halkidiki (Χαλκιδική, Chalkidikí), is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the Region of Central Macedonia in Northern Greece.
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Charsianon
Charsianon (Χαρσιανόν) was the name of a Byzantine fortress and the corresponding theme (a military-civilian province) in the region of Cappadocia in central Anatolia (modern Turkey).
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Chartoularios
The chartoularios or chartularius (χαρτουλάριος), Anglicized as chartulary, was a late Roman and Byzantine administrative official, entrusted with administrative and fiscal duties, either as a subaltern official of a department or province or at the head of various independent bureaus.
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Church History (Eusebius)
The Church History (Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ ἱστορία; Historia Ecclesiastica or Historia Ecclesiae) of Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea was a 4th-century pioneer work giving a chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from the 1st century to the 4th century.
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Cilicia
In antiquity, Cilicia(Armenian: Կիլիկիա) was the south coastal region of Asia Minor and existed as a political entity from Hittite times into the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia during the late Byzantine Empire.
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Constantine IX Monomachos
Constantine IX Monomachos, Latinized as Constantine IX Monomachus (translit; c. 1000 – 11 January 1055), reigned as Byzantine emperor from June 11, 1042 to January 11, 1055.
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Constantine Palaiologos (half-brother of Michael VIII)
Constantine Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Κωνσταντίνος Παλαιολόγος) (died 1271) was a Byzantine nobleman and the younger half-brother of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.
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Constantine XI Palaiologos
Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos, Latinized as Palaeologus (Κωνσταντῖνος ΙΑ' Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος, Kōnstantinos XI Dragasēs Palaiologos; 8 February 1405 – 29 May 1453) was the last reigning Byzantine Emperor, ruling as a member of the Palaiologos dynasty from 1449 to his death in battle at the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
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Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon was a church council held from October 8 to November 1, AD 451, at Chalcedon.
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Crossbow
A crossbow is a type of ranged weapon based on the bow and consisting of a horizontal bow-like assembly mounted on a frame which is handheld in a similar fashion to the stock of a gun.
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Cyprus
Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.
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Dardanelles
The Dardanelles (Çanakkale Boğazı, translit), also known from Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (Ἑλλήσποντος, Hellespontos, literally "Sea of Helle"), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally-significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.
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Demetrias
Demetrias (Δημητριάς) was an ancient Greek city in Magnesia (east central Greece), near the modern city of Volos.
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Demetrios Palaiologos Metochites
Demetrios Palaiologos Metochites (Δημήτριος Παλαιολόγος Μετοχίτης; died 29 May 1453) was a Byzantine nobleman and high-ranking governor and official, who served as the last Byzantine governor of Constantinople.
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Demetrios Tzamplakon
Demetrios Tzamplakon (Δημήτριος Τζαμπλάκων) was a Byzantine aristocrat and senior military leader.
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Despotate of the Morea
The Despotate of the Morea (Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μορέως) or Despotate of Mystras (Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μυστρᾶ) was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries.
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Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, Dionysios Alexandrou Halikarnasseus, "Dionysios son of Alexandros of Halikarnassos"; c. 60 BCafter 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Caesar Augustus.
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Domestic of the Schools
The office of the Domestic of the Schools (δομέστικος τῶν σχολῶν, domestikos tōn scholōn) was a senior military post of the Byzantine Empire, extant from the 8th century until at least the early 14th century.
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Doukas
Doukas, Latinized as Ducas (Δούκας; feminine: Doukaina/Ducaena, Δούκαινα; plural: Doukai/Ducae, Δοῦκαι), from the Latin tile dux ("leader", "general", Hellenized as δοὺξ), is the name of a Byzantine Greek noble family, whose branches provided several notable generals and rulers to the Byzantine Empire in the 9th–11th centuries.
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Dux
Dux (plural: ducēs) is Latin for "leader" (from the noun dux, ducis, "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic, dux could refer to anyone who commanded troops, including foreign leaders, but was not a formal military rank.
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Dvin (ancient city)
Dvin (label, reformed; Δούβιος, or Τίβιον,;; also Duin or Dwin in ancient sources) was a large commercial city and the capital of early medieval Armenia.
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Empire of Nicaea
The Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire was the largest of the three Byzantine GreekA Short history of Greece from early times to 1964 by W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C. M. Woodhouse (1967), page 55: "There in the prosperous city of Nicaea, Theodoros Laskaris, the son in law of a former Byzantine Emperor, establish a court that soon become the Small but reviving Greek empire." rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian forces during the Fourth Crusade.
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Enez
Enez is a town and a district of Edirne Province, in Thrace, Turkey.
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Epi tes trapezes
The epi tēs trapezēs (ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης, "the one in charge of the table") was a Byzantine court post, responsible for the imperial banquets.
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Escorial Taktikon
The Escorial Taktikon (other spellings: Escurial Taktikon, Escorial Tacticon, Escurial Tacticon), also known as the Taktikon Oikonomides after Nicolas Oikonomides who first edited it, is a list of Byzantine offices, dignities, and titles composed in Constantinople during the 970s (971–975 or 975–979).
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Eumathios Philokales
Eumathios Philokales (Εὐμάθιος ὁ Φιλοκάλης) was a high-ranking Byzantine military leader and administrator during the reign of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118), most notably as governor of Cyprus for twenty years, from 1093 to ca.
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Eunapius
Eunapius (Εὐνάπιος; fl. 4th–5th century AD) was a Greek sophist and historian of the 4th century AD.
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Eunuch
The term eunuch (εὐνοῦχος) generally refers to a man who has been castrated, typically early enough in his life for this change to have major hormonal consequences.
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Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας, Eusébios tés Kaisareías; 260/265 – 339/340), also known as Eusebius Pamphili (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμϕίλου), was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima about 314 AD. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon and is regarded as an extremely learned Christian of his time. He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Biblical text. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. During the Council of Antiochia (325) he was excommunicated for subscribing to the heresy of Arius, and thus withdrawn during the First Council of Nicaea where he accepted that the Homoousion referred to the Logos. Never recognized as a Saint, he became counselor of Constantine the Great, and with the bishop of Nicomedia he continued to polemicize against Saint Athanasius of Alexandria, Church Fathers, since he was condemned in the First Council of Tyre in 335.
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Eustathius of Thessalonica
Eustathius of Thessalonica (or Eustathios of Thessalonike; Εὐστάθιος Θεσσαλονίκης; c. 1115 – 1195/6) was a Greek scholar and Archbishop of Thessalonica.
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Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople (Ἅλωσις τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Halōsis tēs Kōnstantinoupoleōs; İstanbul'un Fethi Conquest of Istanbul) was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading Ottoman army on 29 May 1453.
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Fanari, Karditsa
Fanari (Φανάρι) or Fanarion (Φανάριον) is a village in Karditsa, Greece, with a population of 433 (2011 census).
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Garrison
Garrison (various spellings) (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip") is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base.
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George Choumnos
George Choumnos (Γεώργιος Χοῦμνος, died after 1342) was a Byzantine statesman.
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George Kodinos
George Kodinos or Codinus (Γεώργιος Κωδινός), also Pseudo-Kodinos, kouropalates in the Byzantine court, is the reputed 14th-century author of three extant works in late Byzantine literature.
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George Mouzalon
George Mouzalon (Γεώργιος Μουζάλων, Geōrgios Mouzalōn; ca. 1220 – 25 August 1258) was a high official of the Empire of Nicaea - an empire that covered part of what is now Turkey - under Theodore II Laskaris (r. 1254–1258).
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George Tagaris
George Tagaris (Γεώργιος Τάγαρις) was a Byzantine general of the middle 14th century, who rose to the rank of megas stratopedarches.
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Golden bull
A golden bull or chrysobull was a decree issued by Byzantine Emperors and later by monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, most notably by the Holy Roman Emperors.
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Grand Domestic
The title of Grand Domestic (μέγας δομέστικος, mégas doméstikos) was given in the 11th–15th centuries to the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army, directly below the Byzantine Emperor.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia (from the Greek Αγία Σοφία,, "Holy Wisdom"; Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia; Ayasofya) is a former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal basilica (church), later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya Müzesi) in Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hamdanid dynasty
The Hamdanid dynasty (حمدانيون Ḥamdānyūn) was a Shi'a Muslim Arab dynasty of northern Iraq (al-Jazirah) and Syria (890-1004).
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Hellenistic period
The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
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Intendant
The title of intendant (intendant, Portuguese and intendente) has been used in several countries through history.
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Irene Palaiologina of Trebizond
Irene Palaiologina (Greek: Ειρήνη Παλαιολογίνα, Eirēnē Palaiologina), (c. 1315 – after 1341) was Empress of Trebizond from April 6, 1340 to July 17, 1341.
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Isaac I Komnenos
Isaac I Komnenos (or Comnenus) (Ισαάκιος A' Κομνηνός, Isaakios I Komnēnos; c. 1007 – 1060/61) was Byzantine Emperor from 1057 to 1059, the first reigning member of the Komnenos dynasty.
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Isaac Komnenos (brother of Alexios I)
Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός, Isaakios Komnēnos; – 1102/1104) was a notable Byzantine aristocrat and military commander in the 1070s.
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Isaac Komnenos (son of Alexios I)
Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός, Isaakios Komnēnos; 16 January 1093 – after 1152) was the third son of Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) and Empress Irene Doukaina.
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Joannes Zonaras
Joannes or John Zonaras (Ἰωάννης Ζωναρᾶς, Iōánnēs Zōnarâs; fl. 12th century) was a Byzantine chronicler and theologian who lived in Constantinople.
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John Choumnos
John Komnenos Choumnos (Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Χοῦμνος, before 1290 – before 1339) was a Byzantine general, scholar and statesman.
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John Eugenikos
John Eugenikos (Ἰωάννης Εὐγενικός, Constantinople, after 1394 – Laconia, after 1454/5) was a late Byzantine cleric and writer.
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John I Doukas of Thessaly
John I Doukas (Ἰωάννης Δούκας, Iōannēs Doukas), Latinized as Ducas, was an illegitimate son of Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Despot of Epirus in –1268.
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John I Tzimiskes
John I Tzimiskes (Iōánnēs I Tzimiskēs; c. 925 – 10 January 976) was the senior Byzantine Emperor from 11 December 969 to 10 January 976.
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John II Komnenos
John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Ίωάννης Βʹ Κομνηνός, Iōannēs II Komnēnos; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was Byzantine Emperor from 1118 to 1143.
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John III Doukas Vatatzes
John III Doukas Vatatzes, Latinized as Ducas Vatatzes (Ιωάννης Γ΄ Δούκας Βατάτζης, Iōannēs III Doukas Vatatzēs, c. 1193, Didymoteicho – 3 November 1254, Nymphaion), was Emperor of Nicaea from 1222 to 1254.
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John Synadenos (megas konostaulos)
John Komnenos Doukas Palaiologos Synadenos (Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Δούκας Παλαιολόγος Συναδηνός) was a Byzantine noble and military leader in the early 14th century, holding the court title of megas konostaulos.
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John Synadenos (megas stratopedarches)
John Komnenos Angelos Doukas Synadenos (Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός Ἄγγελος Δούκας Συναδηνός) was a Byzantine noble and military leader with the rank of megas stratopedarches during the reigns of Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282) and Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328).
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John V Palaiologos
John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Ίωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος, Iōannēs V Palaiologos; 18 June 1332 – 16 February 1391) was a Byzantine emperor, who succeeded his father in 1341 at age of eight.
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John Vatatzes (megas stratopedarches)
John Vatatzes or Batatzes (Ἰωάννης Βατάτζης, died 1345) was a Byzantine official and magnate active in the second quarter of the 14th century, playing a prominent role in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347.
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John VI Kantakouzenos
John VI Kantakouzenos, Cantacuzenus, or Cantacuzene (Ἰωάννης ΣΤʹ Καντακουζηνός, Iōannēs ST′ Kantakouzēnos; Johannes Cantacuzenus; – 15 June 1383) was a Greek nobleman, statesman, and general.
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John VIII Palaiologos
John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Iōannēs Palaiologos; 18 December 1392 – 31 October 1448) was the penultimate reigning Byzantine Emperor, ruling from 1425 to 1448.
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John XIV of Constantinople
John XIV, surnamed Kalekas (Ίωάννης ΙΔ' Καλέκας), (c. 1282 – 29 December 1347) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1334 to 1347.
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Josephus
Titus Flavius Josephus (Φλάβιος Ἰώσηπος; 37 – 100), born Yosef ben Matityahu (יוסף בן מתתיהו, Yosef ben Matityahu; Ἰώσηπος Ματθίου παῖς), was a first-century Romano-Jewish scholar, historian and hagiographer, who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.
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Jovian (emperor)
Jovian (Flavius Jovianus Augustus; Ἰοβιανός; 331 – 17 February 364) was Roman Emperor from 363 to 364.
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Kabbadion
The kabbadion (καββάδιον) was a caftan-like garment, of oriental origin, which became a standard part of court costume in the last centuries of the Byzantine Empire.
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Karasids
The Karasids or Karasid dynasty (Ottoman قرا صي; Modern Turkish Karesioğulları, Karesioğulları Beyliği), also known as the Principality of Karasi and Beylik of Karasi (Karasi Beyliği or Karesi Beyliği), was an Anatolian beylik in the area of classical Mysia (modern Balıkesir and Çanakkale provinces) from ca.
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Kavala
Kavala (Καβάλα) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit.
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Laconia
Laconia (Λακωνία, Lakonía), also known as Lacedaemonia, is a region in the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula.
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Lemnos
Lemnos (Λήμνος) is a Greek island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea.
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Leo I the Thracian
Leo I (Flavius Valerius Leo Augustus; 401 – 18 January 474) was an Eastern Roman Emperor from 457 to 474.
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Limnia (Pontus)
Limnia (τα Λιμνία) was the westernmost subdivision of the medieval Empire of Trebizond, consisting of the southern coastline of the Black Sea around the mouth of the Yeşilırmak River.
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Macedonia (region)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe.
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Magister militum
Magister militum (Latin for "Master of the Soldiers", plural magistri militum) was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great.
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Malagina
Malagina (Μαλάγινα), in later times Melangeia (Μελάγγεια), was a Byzantine district in the valley of the Sangarius river in northern Bithynia, which served as a major encampment and fortified staging area (aplekton) for the Byzantine army.
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Manuel Philes
Manuel Philes (c. 1275–1345), of Ephesus, Byzantine poet.
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Manuel Tagaris
Manuel Tagaris (Μανουήλ Τάγαρις) was a distinguished Byzantine general of the early 14th century, who rose to the rank of megas stratopedarches.
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Marines
Marines, also known as a marine corps or naval infantry, are typically an infantry force that specializes in the support of naval and army operations at sea and on land, as well as the execution of their own operations.
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Markos Palaiologos Iagaris
Markos Palaiologos Iagaris or Iagros (Μάρκος Παλαιολόγος Ἰάγαρης/Ἴαγρος) was a Byzantine aristocrat and diplomatic envoy.
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Megas doux
The megas doux (μέγας δούξ; grand duke) was one of the highest positions in the hierarchy of the later Byzantine Empire, denoting the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine navy.
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Michael IX Palaiologos
Michael IX Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Μιχαήλ Θ΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl IX Palaiologos), (17 April 1277 – 12 October 1320, Thessalonica, reigned as Byzantine co-emperor with full imperial style 1294/1295–1320. Michael IX was the eldest son of Andronikos II Palaiologos and Anna of Hungary, daughter of Stephen V of Hungary.
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Michael Shishman of Bulgaria
Michael Asen III (Михаил Асен III, Mihail Asen III, commonly called Michael Shishman (Михаил Шишман, Mihail Šišman)), ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1323 to 1330.
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Michael VII Doukas
Michael VII Doukas or Dukas/Ducas (Μιχαήλ Ζ΄ Δούκας, Mikhaēl VII Doukas), nicknamed Parapinakes (Παραπινάκης, lit. "minus a quarter", with reference to the devaluation of the Byzantine currency under his rule), was Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078.
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Michael VIII Palaiologos
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Μιχαὴλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl VIII Palaiologos; 1223 – 11 December 1282) reigned as Byzantine Emperor 1259–1282.
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Mitato
Mitato (Μιτάτο, archaic form: μιτᾶτον or μητᾶτον, from metor, "to measure off/to pitch camp") is a term meaning "shelter" or "lodging" in Greek.
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Morea
The Morea (Μορέας or Μοριάς, Moreja, Morée, Morea, Mora) was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period.
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Mount Athos
Mount Athos (Άθως, Áthos) is a mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece and an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism.
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Mystras
Mystras or Mistras (Μυστρᾶς/Μιστρᾶς), also known as Myzithras (Μυζηθρᾶς) in the Chronicle of the Morea, is a fortified town and a former municipality in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece.
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Nea Zichni
Nea Zichni (Νέα Ζίχνη) is a municipality in the Serres regional unit, of Central Macedonia region, Greece.
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Near East
The Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia.
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Neokastra
Neokastra (Νεόκαστρα, "new fortresses", formally θέμα Νεοκάστρων; in Latin sources Neocastri or Neochastron) was a Byzantine province (theme) of the 12th–13th centuries in north-western Asia Minor (modern Turkey).
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Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger
Nikephoros Bryennios (or Nicephorus Bryennius; Greek: Νικηφόρος Βρυέννιος, Nikēphoros Bryennios; 1062–1137) was a Byzantine general, statesman and historian.
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Nikephoros II Phokas
Nikephoros II Phokas (Latinized: Nicephorus II Phocas; Νικηφόρος Β΄ Φωκᾶς, Nikēphóros II Phōkãs; c. 912 – 11 December 969) was Byzantine Emperor from 963 to 969.
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Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes
Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes (Νικηφόρος Ταρχανειώτης) was a 13th-century Byzantine aristocrat and general.
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Niketas Scholares
Niketas Scholares (Νικήτας Σχολάρης, fl. 1341–1361), was a Byzantine Greek aristocrat and one of the leading officials of the Empire of Trebizond, eventually becoming megas doux.
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Nikolaos Oikonomides
Nikolaos or Nikos Oikonomides (Νικόλαος Οικονομίδης, 14 February 1934 – 31 May 2000) was a Greek-Canadian Byzantinist, and one of the leading experts in the field of Byzantine administration.
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Olympiodorus of Thebes
Olympiodorus of Thebes (Ὀλυμπιόδωρος ὁ Θηβαῖος; born c. 380, fl. c. 412–425) was an historical writer of classical education, a "poet by profession" as he says of himself, who was born at Thebes in Egypt, and was sent on a mission to the Huns on the Black Sea by Emperor Honorius about 412, and later lived at the court of Theodosius II, to whom his History was dedicated.
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Orphanotrophos
Orphanotrophos (ὀρφανοτρόφος) was a Byzantine title for the curator of an orphanage (ὀρφανοτροφεῖον, orphanotropheion).
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Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks (or Osmanlı Turks, Osmanlı Türkleri) were the Turkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes.
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Pantokratoros Monastery
Pantokratoros monastery (Μονή Παντοκράτορος) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery at the monastic state of Mount Athos in Greece.
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Parakoimomenos
The parakoimōmenos (παρακοιμώμενος, literally "the one who sleeps beside ") was a Byzantine court position, usually reserved for eunuchs.
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Patrician (ancient Rome)
The patricians (from patricius) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome.
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Pechenegs
The Pechenegs or Patzinaks were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia speaking the Pecheneg language which belonged to the Oghuz branch of Turkic language family.
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Peter (stratopedarches)
Peter (Πέτρος, died 977) was a Byzantine eunuch general.
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Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Pope Innocent VI
Pope Innocent VI (Innocentius VI; 1282 or 1295 – 12 September 1362), born Étienne Aubert, was Pope from 18 December 1352 to his death in 1362.
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Praefectus castrorum
The praefectus castrorum ("camp prefect") was, in the Roman army of the early Empire, the third most senior commander of the Roman legion after the legate (legatus) and the senior military tribune (tribunus laticlavius).
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Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetorianae) was an elite unit of the Imperial Roman army whose members served as personal bodyguards to the Roman emperors.
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Praetorian prefect
The praetorian prefect (praefectus praetorio, ἔπαρχος/ὕπαρχος τῶν πραιτωρίων) was a high office in the Roman Empire.
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Primicerius
The Latin term primicerius, hellenized as primikērios (πριμικήριος), was a title applied in the later Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire to the heads of administrative departments, and also used by the Church to denote the heads of various colleges.
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Primus pilus
The Primus pilus or Primipilus was the senior centurion of a Roman legion.
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Proedros
Proedros (πρόεδρος, "president") was a senior Byzantine court and ecclesiastic title in the 10th to mid-12th centuries.
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Protokynegos
The prōtokynēgos (πρωτοκυνηγός, "first huntsman") was a Byzantine court office and honorific title in the 13th–15th centuries, who was the chief huntsman of the Byzantine emperors.
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Protosebastos
The title of protosebastos (πρωτοσέβαστος, prōtosésbatos, "first sebastos") was a high Byzantine court title created by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
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Protospatharios
Prōtospatharios (πρωτοσπαθάριος) was one of the highest court dignities of the middle Byzantine period (8th to 12th centuries), awarded to senior generals and provincial governors, as well as to foreign princes.
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Protostrator
Prōtostratōr (πρωτοστράτωρ) was a Byzantine court office, originating as the imperial stable master.
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Protovestiarios
Protovestiarios (πρωτοβεστιάριος, "first vestiarios") was a high Byzantine court position, originally reserved for eunuchs.
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Quartermaster
Quartermaster is a military or naval term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service.
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Rhaiktor
The rhaiktōr (ῥαίκτωρ, the hellenized form of Latin rector) was a high-ranking court position of the middle Byzantine Empire.
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Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (Родопи, Rodopi; Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece.
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Rodolphe Guilland
Rodolphe Joseph Guilland (Lons-le-Saunier, 1888 – Saint-Marcellin, Isère, 5 October 1981) was a French Byzantinist.
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Roman legion
A Roman legion (from Latin legio "military levy, conscription", from legere "to choose") was a large unit of the Roman army.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Sarukhanids
The Sarukhanids or Sarukhanid dynasty (Modern Turkish: Saruhanoğulları, Saruhanoğulları Beyliği), also known as the Principality of Saruhan and Beylik of Saruhan (Saruhan Beyliği), was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in Manisa.
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Sebastokrator
Sebastokrator (σεβαστοκράτωρ, sebastokrátor; Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: севастократор; both pronounced sevastokrator), was a senior court title in the late Byzantine Empire.
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Sebastos
Sebastos (σεβαστός, "venerable one", plural σεβαστοί, sebastoi) was an honorific used by the ancient Greeks to render the Roman imperial title of Augustus.
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Serres
Sérres (Σέρρες) is a city in Macedonia, Greece, capital of the Serres regional unit and second largest city in the region of Central Macedonia, after Thessaloniki.
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Shaddadids
The Shaddadids were a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 to 1174 AD.
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Sicily (theme)
The Theme of Sicily (θέμα Σικελίας, thema Sikelias) was a Byzantine province (theme) existing from the late 7th to the 10th century, encompassing the island of Sicily and the region of Calabria in the Italian mainland.
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Siege of Antioch (968–969)
The Siege of Antioch (968–969) was a successful military offensive undertaken by leading commanders of the Byzantine Empire in order to reconquer the strategically important city of Antioch from the Hamdanid Dynasty.
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Siege of Berat (1280–1281)
The Siege of Berat in Albania by the forces of the Angevin Kingdom of Sicily against the Byzantine garrison of the city took place in 1280–1281.
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Siege of Dorostolon
The Battle of Dorostolon was fought in 971 between the Byzantine Empire and forces of Kievan Rus'.
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Sphrantzes Palaiologos
Sphrantzes Palaiologos (Σφραντζῆς Παλαιολόγος) was a Byzantine aristocrat and commander active in the 1330s.
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Stefan Dušan
Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Стефан Урош IV Душан), known as Dušan the Mighty (Душан Силни/Dušan Silni; 1308 – 20 December 1355), was the King of Serbia from 8 September 1331 and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks from 16 April 1346 until his death.
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Strategos
Strategos or Strategus, plural strategoi, (στρατηγός, pl.; Doric Greek: στραταγός, stratagos; meaning "army leader") is used in Greek to mean military general.
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Stratelates
Stratēlatēs (στρατηλάτης, "driver/leader of the army") was a Greek term designating a general, which also became an honorary dignity in the Byzantine Empire.
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Struma (river)
The Struma or Strymónas (Струма; Στρυμόνας; (Struma) Karasu, 'black water') is a river in Bulgaria and Greece.
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Strumica
Strumica (Струмица) is the largest city in English and Macedonian (PDF) in eastern Republic of Macedonia, near the Novo Selo-Petrich border crossing with Bulgaria.
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Synod
A synod is a council of a church, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application.
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Syrgiannes Palaiologos
Syrgiannes Palaiologos Philanthropenos (Συργιάννης Παλαιολόγος Φιλανθρωπηνός, – 1334) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general of mixed Cuman and Greek descent, who was involved in the civil war between Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos and his grandson Andronikos III.
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Tancred, Prince of Galilee
Tancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch.
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Thasos
Thasos or Thassos (Θάσος) is a Greek island, geographically part of the North Aegean Sea, but administratively part of the Kavala regional unit.
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The Jewish War
The Jewish War or Judean War (in full Flavius Josephus's Books of the History of the Jewish War against the Romans, Φλαυίου Ἰωσήπου ἱστορία Ἰουδαϊκοῦ πολέμου πρὸς Ῥωμαίους βιβλία, Phlauiou Iōsēpou historia Ioudaikou polemou pros Rōmaious biblia), also referred to in English as The Wars of the Jews, is a book written by Josephus, a Roman-Jewish historian of the 1st century.
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Theme (Byzantine district)
The themes or themata (θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main administrative divisions of the middle Eastern Roman Empire.
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Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century)
Theodora Porphyrogenita (Θεοδώρα, Theodōra; AD 980 – 31 August 1056) was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years.
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Theodore II Laskaris
Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Θεόδωρος Β΄ Δούκας Λάσκαρις, Theodōros II Doukas Laskaris) (1221/1222 – August 18, 1258) was Emperor of Nicaea from 1254 to 1258.
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Theodore Metochites
Theodore Metochites (Θεόδωρος Μετοχίτης; 1270–1332) was a Byzantine statesman, author, gentleman philosopher, and patron of the arts.
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Theodore Pileles Doranites
Theodore Doranites (Θεόδωρος Δωρανίτης; died July 1352) also known as Pileles (Πιλέλης), was a Byzantine Greek aristocrat and military leader in the Empire of Trebizond.
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Theodore Synadenos
Theodore Komnenos Doukas Palaiologos Synadenos (Θεόδωρος Κομνηνός Δούκας Παλαιολόγος Συναδηνός,. Συναδηνός, Θεόδωρος ∆ούκας Παλαιολόγος Κομνηνός ca. 1277 – ca. 1346), usually simply Theodore Synadenos, was a Byzantine magnate, senior official and military leader of the early 14th century, who played an important role in the civil wars of the period.
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Theodore the Studite
Theodore the Studite (also known as Theodorus Studita, St. Theodore of Stoudios, and St. Theodore of Studium; 759–826) was a Byzantine Greek monk and abbot of the Stoudios Monastery in Constantinople.
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Theophanes the Confessor
Saint Theophanes the Confessor (Θεοφάνης Ὁμολογητής; c. 758/760 – March 12, 817/818) was a member of the Byzantine aristocracy, who became a monk and chronicler.
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Theophilos (emperor)
Theophilos (Θεόφιλος; sometimes Latinized or Anglicized as Theophilus; 800-805 20 January 842 AD) was the Byzantine Emperor from 829 until his death in 842.
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Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη, Thessaloníki), also familiarly known as Thessalonica, Salonica, or Salonika is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.
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Thessaly
Thessaly (Θεσσαλία, Thessalía; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name.
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Thracesian Theme
The Thracesian Theme (Θρᾳκήσιον θέμα, Thrakēsion thema), more properly known as the Theme of the Thracesians (θέμα Θρᾳκησίων, thema Thrakēsiōn, often simply Θρᾳκήσιοι, Thrakēsioi), was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in western Asia Minor (modern Turkey).
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Trabzon
Trabzon, historically known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province.
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Trapezuntine Civil War
The Trapezuntine Civil War was a series of conflicts fought in the 1340s for the succession of the throne of the Empire of Trebizond.
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Trikala
Trikala (Τρίκαλα) is a city in northwestern Thessaly, Greece, and the capital of the Trikala regional unit.
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Tsakonia
Tsakonia (Τσακωνιά) or the Tsakonian region (Τσακωνικός χώρος) refers to the small area in the eastern Peloponnese where the Tsakonian language is spoken.
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Typhus
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus and murine typhus.
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Vestiaritai
The Vestiaritai (βεστιαρῖται, singular: βεστιαρίτης) were a corps of imperial bodyguards and fiscal officials in the Byzantine Empire, attested from the 11th to the 15th centuries.
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Zeno (consul 448)
Flavius Zeno (floruit 447-451) was an influential general and politician of the Eastern Roman Empire, of Isaurian origin, who served as magister militum per Orientem, and became consul and patricius.
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Redirects here:
Megas stratopedarches, Stratopedarch.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratopedarches
