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66 relations: Angiotensin, Appetite, Area postrema, Atrial natriuretic peptide, Atropine, Autonomic nervous system, Axon, Baroreceptor, Blood, Blood pressure, Blood volume, Blood–brain barrier, Brain, Brainstem, Calcium channel, Capillary, Carbachol, Cerebrospinal fluid, Circulatory system, Circumventricular organs, Coronal plane, Downregulation and upregulation, Efferent nerve fiber, Endothelin, Energy, Fluid balance, Forebrain, Fornix (neuroanatomy), Gene, Glucose, Heart, Heart rate, Homeostasis, Hormone, Hunger (motivational state), Hypertension, Hypothalamus, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Interventricular foramina (neuroanatomy), Kidney, Leptin, Messenger RNA, Neuroglia, Neuron, Neurotransmitter, Osmoreceptor, Osmotic pressure, Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, Peptide, Preoptic area, ..., Rat, Receptor antagonist, Relaxin, Sagittal plane, Serotonin, Stimulation, Supraoptic nucleus, Synapse, Third ventricle, Thirst, Thyroid, Topography, Urine, Vascular organ of lamina terminalis, Vasoconstriction, Vasopressin. Expand index (16 more) »
Angiotensin
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.
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Appetite
Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger.
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Area postrema
The area postrema is a medullary structure in the brain that controls vomiting.
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Atrial natriuretic peptide
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a peptide hormone which reduces an expanded extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by increasing renal sodium excretion.
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Atropine
Atropine is a medication to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate and to decrease saliva production during surgery.
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Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies smooth muscle and glands, and thus influences the function of internal organs.
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Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body.
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Baroreceptor
Baroreceptors (or archaically, pressoreceptors) are sensors located in the blood vessels of all vertebrate animals.
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Blood
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
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Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.
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Blood volume
Blood volume is the volume of blood (both red blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual.
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Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Brainstem
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
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Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions.
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Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel from 5 to 10 micrometres (µm) in diameter, and having a wall one endothelial cell thick.
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Carbachol
Carbachol (Carbastat, Carboptic, Isopto Carbachol, Miostat), also known as carbamylcholine, is a cholinomimetic drug that binds and activates acetylcholine receptors.
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Circumventricular organs
Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain characterized by their extensive vasculature and highly permeable capillaries unlike those in the rest of the brain where there exists a blood brain barrier (BBB).
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Coronal plane
A coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections.
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Downregulation and upregulation
In the biological context of organisms' production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the quantity of a cellular component, such as RNA or protein, in response to an external stimulus.
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Efferent nerve fiber
In the peripheral nervous system, an efferent nerve fiber is the axon of a motor neuron.
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Endothelin
Endothelins are peptides with receptors and effects in many body organs.
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Energy
In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.
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Fluid balance
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
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Forebrain
In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the forebrain or prosencephalon is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain.
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Fornix (neuroanatomy)
The fornix (arch) is a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that acts as the major output tract of the hippocampus.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heart rate
Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm).
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Hunger (motivational state)
Hunger and satiety are sensations.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
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Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.
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Interventricular foramina (neuroanatomy)
In the brain, the interventricular foramina (or foramina of Monro) are channels that connect the paired lateral ventricles with the third ventricle at the midline of the brain.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Leptin
Leptin (from Greek λεπτός leptos, "thin"), "the hormone of energy expenditure", is a hormone predominantly made by adipose cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Neuroglia
Neuroglia, also called glial cells or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Osmoreceptor
An osmoreceptor is a sensory receptor primarily found in the hypothalamus of most homeothermic organisms that detects changes in osmotic pressure.
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Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane.
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Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN, PVA, or PVH) is a nucleus in the hypothalamus.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Preoptic area
The preoptic area is a region of the hypothalamus.
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Rat
Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Relaxin
Relaxin is a protein hormone of about 6000 Da first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.
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Sagittal plane
A sagittal plane or longitudinal plane is an anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts.
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Stimulation
Stimulation is the encouragement of development or the cause of activity generally.
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Supraoptic nucleus
The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain.
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Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target efferent cell.
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Third ventricle
The third ventricle is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the mammalian brain.
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Thirst
Thirst is the craving for fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink.
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Thyroid
The thyroid gland, or simply the thyroid, is an endocrine gland in the neck, consisting of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
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Topography
Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Vascular organ of lamina terminalis
The vascular organ of lamina terminalis (VOLT), organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), or supraoptic crest is one of the four sensory circumventricular organs of the brain, the others being the subfornical organ, the median eminence, and the area postrema in the brainstem.
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Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
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Vasopressin
Vasopressin, also named antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfornical_organ
