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42 relations: Accident (fallacy), Adam de Wodeham, Affirming the consequent, Albert of Saxony, Antecedent (logic), Aristotelianism, Begging the question, Categories (Aristotle), Category of being, Charles Sanders Peirce, Complex question, Conditional sentence, Consequent, Equivocation, Fallacy of accent, Fallacy of composition, Fallacy of division, Irrelevant conclusion, Jean Buridan, Lambert of Auxerre, Liar paradox, Logic, Logical consequence, Material conditional, Nominalism, Philotheus Boehner, Porphyry (philosopher), Posterior Analytics, Predicable, Problem of universals, Proposition, Questionable cause, Secundum quid, Sophistical Refutations, Summa Theologica, Syllogism, Syntactic ambiguity, Terminology, Theory of obligationes, Thomas Aquinas, Topics (Aristotle), William of Ockham.
Accident (fallacy)
The informal fallacy of accident (also called destroying the exception or a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid) is a deductively valid but unsound argument occurring in statistical syllogisms (an argument based on a generalization) when an exception to a rule of thumb is ignored.
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Adam de Wodeham
Adam of Wodeham, OFM (1298–1358) was a philosopher and theologian.
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Affirming the consequent
Affirming the consequent, sometimes called converse error, fallacy of the converse or confusion of necessity and sufficiency, is a formal fallacy of inferring the converse from the original statement.
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Albert of Saxony
Albert (Frederick Augustus Albert Anton Ferdinand Joseph Karl Maria Baptist Nepomuk Wilhelm Xaver Georg Fidelis; 23 April 1828 – 19 June 1902) was a German King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.
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Antecedent (logic)
An antecedent is the first half of a hypothetical proposition, whenever the if-clause precedes the then-clause.
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Aristotelianism
Aristotelianism is a tradition of philosophy that takes its defining inspiration from the work of Aristotle.
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Begging the question
Begging the question is a logical fallacy which occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it.
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Categories (Aristotle)
The Categories (Greek Κατηγορίαι Katēgoriai; Latin Categoriae) is a text from Aristotle's Organon that enumerates all the possible kinds of things that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition.
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Category of being
In ontology, the different kinds or ways of being are called categories of being; or simply categories.
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Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce ("purse"; 10 September 1839 – 19 April 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".
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Complex question
A complex question, trick question, multiple question or plurium interrogationum (Latin, "of many questions") is a question that has a presupposition that is complex.
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Conditional sentence
Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences.
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Consequent
A consequent is the second half of a hypothetical proposition.
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Equivocation
In logic, equivocation ('calling two different things by the same name') is an informal fallacy resulting from the use of a particular word/expression in multiple senses throughout an argument leading to a false conclusion.
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Fallacy of accent
The fallacy of accent (also referred to as accentus, from its Latin denomination, and misleading accent) is a type of ambiguity that arises when the meaning of a sentence is changed by placing an unusual prosodic stress, or when, in a written passage, it is left unclear which word the emphasis was supposed to fall on.
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Fallacy of composition
The fallacy of composition arises when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole (or even of every proper part).
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Fallacy of division
A fallacy of division occurs when one reasons logically that something true for the whole must also be true of all or some of its parts.
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Irrelevant conclusion
Irrelevant conclusion, also known as ignoratio elenchi (an ignoring of a refutation) or missing the point, is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may or may not be logically valid and sound, but (whose conclusion) fails to address the issue in question.
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Jean Buridan
Jean Buridan (Latin: Johannes Buridanus; –) was an influential 14th century French philosopher.
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Lambert of Auxerre
Lambert of Auxerre was a medieval 13th century logician best known for writing the book "Summa Lamberti" or simply "Logica" in the mid 1250s which became an authoritative textbook on logic in the Western tradition.
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Liar paradox
In philosophy and logic, the classical liar paradox or liar's paradox is the statement of a liar who states that he or she is lying: for instance, declaring that "I am lying" or "everything I say is false".
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Logic
Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.
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Logical consequence
Logical consequence (also entailment) is a fundamental concept in logic, which describes the relationship between statements that hold true when one statement logically follows from one or more statements.
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Material conditional
The material conditional (also known as material implication, material consequence, or simply implication, implies, or conditional) is a logical connective (or a binary operator) that is often symbolized by a forward arrow "→".
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Nominalism
In metaphysics, nominalism is a philosophical view which denies the existence of universals and abstract objects, but affirms the existence of general or abstract terms and predicates.
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Philotheus Boehner
Philotheus Boehner (born Heinrich Boehner; February 17, 1901 – May 22, 1955) was a member of the Franciscan order known for medieval scholarship.
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Porphyry (philosopher)
Porphyry of Tyre (Πορφύριος, Porphýrios; فرفوريوس, Furfūriyūs; c. 234 – c. 305 AD) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre, in the Roman Empire.
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Posterior Analytics
The Posterior Analytics (Ἀναλυτικὰ Ὕστερα; Analytica Posteriora) is a text from Aristotle's Organon that deals with demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge.
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Predicable
Predicable (Lat. praedicabilis, that which may be stated or affirmed, sometimes called quinque voces or five words) is, in scholastic logic, a term applied to a classification of the possible relations in which a predicate may stand to its subject.
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Problem of universals
In metaphysics, the problem of universals refers to the question of whether properties exist, and if so, what they are.
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Proposition
The term proposition has a broad use in contemporary analytic philosophy.
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Questionable cause
The questionable cause—also known as causal fallacy, false cause, or non causa pro causa ("non-cause for cause" in Latin)—is a category of informal fallacies in which a cause is incorrectly identified.
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Secundum quid
Secundum quid (also called secundum quid et simpliciter, meaning " in a certain respect and absolutely") is a type of informal fallacy that occurs when the arguer fails to recognize the difference between rules of thumb (soft generalizations, heuristics that hold true as a general rule but leave room for exceptions) and categorical propositions, rules that hold true universally.
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Sophistical Refutations
Sophistical Refutations (Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι; De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies.
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Summa Theologica
The Summa Theologiae (written 1265–1274 and also known as the Summa Theologica or simply the Summa) is the best-known work of Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274).
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Syllogism
A syllogism (συλλογισμός syllogismos, "conclusion, inference") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
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Syntactic ambiguity
Syntactic ambiguity, also called amphiboly or amphibology, is a situation where a sentence may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous sentence structure.
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Terminology
Terminology is the study of terms and their use.
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Theory of obligationes
Obligationes or disputations de obligationibus were a medieval disputation format common in the 13th and 14th centuries.
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Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church.
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Topics (Aristotle)
The Topics (Τοπικά; Topica) is the name given to one of Aristotle's six works on logic collectively known as the Organon: The Topics constitutes Aristotle's treatise on the art of dialectic—the invention and discovery of arguments in which the propositions rest upon commonly held opinions or endoxa (ἔνδοξα in Greek).
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William of Ockham
William of Ockham (also Occam, from Gulielmus Occamus; 1287 – 1347) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher and theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey.
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Redirects here:
Sum of logic, Summa Logicae, Summa Totius Logicae, Summa logicae.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_Logic
