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Islamic Courts Union

Index Islamic Courts Union

The Islamic Courts Union (ICU; Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga; اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim al-islāmiyya) was a group of Sharia courts that united themselves to form a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia, with Sharif Sheikh Ahmed as their head. [1]

136 relations: Abdirahman Janaqow, Aden Adde International Airport, Aden Hashi Farah, Afghanistan, Afgooye, African Union, African Union Mission to Somalia, Airstrike, Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya, Al-Qaeda, Al-Shabaab (militant group), Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia, Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism, American University, Amputation, Arab League, Arabic, Associated Press, Baidoa, Balad, Somalia, Battle of Baidoa, Battle of Bandiradley, Battle of Beledweyne (2006), Battle of Jilib, Battle of Jowhar, Battle of Mogadishu (2006), Battle of Ras Kamboni, BBC, BBC News, BBC Online, Beledweyne, Benadir University, Blockade, Bollywood, Border guard, Bu'ale, Central Intelligence Agency, Chatham House, Chief of staff, Council on Foreign Relations, Crime, Demographics of Libya, East Africa, Education, Ethiopia, Ethiopian National Defense Force, Executive Order 13224, Fall of Kismayo, Fall of Mogadishu, ..., Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, Film, Fuad Qalaf, Galinsoor, Galmudug, George W. Bush, Greater Somalia, Guantánamo Bay, Guerrilla warfare, Hadith, Harardhere, Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki, Hassan Dahir Aweys, Hawiye, Health care, Hizbul Islam, Hobyo, Ibrahim Hassan Addou, International Crisis Group, IRIN, Jihad, Jilib, Journalist, Jowhar, Juba Valley Alliance, Judiciary, Kenya, Khartoum, Khat, Kibibyte, Kismayo, Kritarchy, Liberalism and progressivism within Islam, List of Schedule I drugs (US), Los Angeles Times, Lower Shabelle, Mecca, Military prison, Militia, Mogadishu, Mujahideen, Mukhtar Robow, North Eastern Province (Kenya), Ogaden, Operation Linda Nchi, PBS NewsHour, Peacekeeping, Piracy, Police, Pornography, Port, Presidency of George W. Bush, Propaganda, Puntland, Quran, Qutbism, Ras Kamboni, Salafi movement, Secularity, Shafi‘i, Shahada, Sharia, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Shura, Somali language, Somalia, Somaliland, Stockholm, Sudan, Sufism, Suicide attack, Sweden, Taliban, Tanzania, Terrorism financing, The Canadian Press, The New York Times, Transitional federal government, Republic of Somalia, Transitional federal parliament, Republic of Somalia, United States, Villa Somalia, Warlord, Western (genre), Withdrawal (military), Yusuf Mohammed Siad, 1998 United States embassy bombings. Expand index (86 more) »

Abdirahman Janaqow

Abdirahman Mahmud Farah Janaqow (Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faarax Janaqoow) is a Somali leader, and he was deputy chairman, and a member of the Islamic Courts Union of Somalia (ICU).

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Aden Adde International Airport

Aden Adde International Airport (Garoonka Caalamiga Ee Aadan Cadde, مطار آدم عدي الدولي), Aden Abdulle International Airport, formerly known as Mogadishu International Airport, is an international airport serving Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia.

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Aden Hashi Farah

Aden Hashi Farah Aero (Aaden Xaashi Faarax Ceyroow, عدن هاشي فرح) (died 1 May 2008) was the military commander of the Hizbul Shabaab, the armed wing of the Somali Islamic Courts Union (ICU).

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Afgooye

Afgooye (Afgooye, أفجويي) is a town in the southwestern Somalia Lower Shebelle (Shabellaha Hoose) region of Somalia.

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African Union

The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent, extending slightly into Asia via the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

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African Union Mission to Somalia

The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) is an active, regional peacekeeping mission operated by the African Union with the approval of the United Nations in Somalia.

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Airstrike

An airstrike or air strike is an offensive operation carried out by attack aircraft.

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Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya

Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (lit), or AIAI, was an Islamist militant group in Somalia.

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Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda (القاعدة,, translation: "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament" and alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qæda and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988.

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Al-Shabaab (militant group)

Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM; حركة الشباب المجاهدين,; Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab, lit. "Mujahideen Youth Movement" or "Movement of Striving Youth"), more commonly known as al-Shabaab (lit), is a jihadist fundamentalist group based in East Africa.

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Ali Mohammed Ghedi

Ali Mohamed Gedi (Cali Maxamed Geedi, علي محمد جيدي) (born 2 October 1952) was the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia from 2004 to 2007.

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Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia

The Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) was a Somali political party.

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Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism

The Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) (Isbaheysiga Ladagaalanka Argagaxisadda) was a Somali alliance created by various warlords and businesspeople.

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American University

The American University (AU or American) is a private United Methodist-affiliated research university in Washington, D.C., United States.

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Amputation

Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.

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Arab League

The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization of Arab states in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa and Arabia.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Baidoa

Baidoa (Baydhabo), is capital in the southwestern Bay region of Somalia.

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Balad, Somalia

Bal'ad District (italic) is one of the districts of Middle Shabelle region of Somalia.

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Battle of Baidoa

The Battle of Baidoa began on December 20, 2006 when the Somali Transitional Federal Government's forces (TFG) allied with Ethiopian forces stationed there attacked advancing Islamic Courts Union (ICU) forces along with 500 alleged Eritrean troops and mujahideen arrayed against them.

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Battle of Bandiradley

The Battle of Bandiradley in Somalia began on December 23, 2006, when Puntland and Ethiopian forces, along with faction leader Abdi Qeybdid, fought Islamic Courts Union (ICU) militants defending Bandiradley.

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Battle of Beledweyne (2006)

The Battle of Beledweyne occurred on December 24 to December 25, 2006 when Ethiopian troops seized that Somalian town from Islamic Courts Union fighters, according to some news agencies.

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Battle of Jilib

The Battle of Jilib was a battle in the 2006 Somali War fought by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and affiliated militias against Ethiopian and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces for control of the town of Jilib.

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Battle of Jowhar

The Battle of Jowhar was a battle in the 2006 Somali War fought between the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and affiliated militias against Ethiopian and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces for control of the town of Jowhar (located at). It began on December 27, 2006, when retreating ICU forces regrouped near their stronghold of Jowhar.

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Battle of Mogadishu (2006)

The Second Battle of Mogadishu was a battle fought for control of Somalia's capital city, Mogadishu.

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Battle of Ras Kamboni

The Battle of Ras Kamboni was a battle in the 2006-2007 Somali War fought by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and affiliated militias against Ethiopian and the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces for control of Ras Kamboni, a town near the Kenyan border which once served as a training camp for the militant Islamist group Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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BBC Online

BBC Online, formerly known as BBCi, is the BBC's online service.

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Beledweyne

Beledweyne (Beletweeyne, بلد وين, Belet Uen) is a city in south-central Somalia.

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Benadir University

Benadir University (BU) (Jaamacadda Banadir, جامعـــة بنـــادر), also known as the University of Benadir, is a private university located in Mogadishu, Somalia.

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Blockade

A blockade is an effort to cut off supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally.

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Bollywood

Hindi cinema, often metonymously referred to as Bollywood, is the Indian Hindi-language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.

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Border guard

A border guard of a country is a national security agency that performs border control, i.e., enforces the security of the country's national borders.

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Bu'ale

Bu'ale is a town in the Middle Juba (Jubbada Dhexe) region of Somalia.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Chatham House

The Royal Institute of International Affairs, commonly known as Chatham House, is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation based in London whose mission is to analyse and promote the understanding of major international issues and current affairs.

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Chief of staff

The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide-de-camp to an important individual, such as a president or a senior military officer.

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Council on Foreign Relations

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), founded in 1921, is a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Crime

In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.

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Demographics of Libya

Demographics of Libya include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the Libyan population.

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East Africa

East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.

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Ethiopian National Defense Force

The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) is the military of Ethiopia.

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Executive Order 13224

Executive Order 13224 is an executive order issued by U.S. President George W. Bush on September 23, 2001, as a response to the attacks on September 11, 2001.

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Fall of Kismayo

The Fall of Kismayo occurred on January 1, 2007, when the troops of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian forces entered the Somali city of Kismayo unopposed.

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Fall of Mogadishu

The Fall of Mogadishu occurred on December 28, 2006, when the militaries of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian troops entered the Somali capital unopposed.

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Fazul Abdullah Mohammed

Fazul Abdullah Mohammed (فاضل عبدالله محمد) (25 August 1972, 25 February 1974, or 25 December 1974 – 8 June 2011), also known as Fadil Harun, was a member of al-Qaeda, and the leader of its presence in East Africa.

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Film

A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving pícture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a screen, create the illusion of moving images.

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Fuad Qalaf

Fuad Mohamed Qalaf (Fu'aad Maxamed Khalaf, فؤاد محمد خلف) (born 28 March 1965), also known as Fuad Shangole, is a Somali-Swedish militant Islamist.

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Galinsoor

Galinsoor, also spelled Gelinsoor, is a town in Galmudug state of Somalia, Located in the North-central Mudug region.

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Galmudug

Galmudug, officially Galmudug State, is an autonomous region in central Somalia.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Greater Somalia

Greater Somalia (Soomaaliweyn, الصومال الكبير) comprises the regions in or near the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live and have historically inhabited.

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Guantánamo Bay

Guantánamo Bay (Bahía de Guantánamo) is a bay located in Guantánamo Province at the southeastern end of Cuba.

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Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

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Hadith

Ḥadīth (or; حديث, pl. Aḥādīth, أحاديث,, also "Traditions") in Islam refers to the record of the words, actions, and the silent approval, of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Harardhere

Harardhere (Xarardheere, is a historic town in the Mudug province of Somalia. It is situated in the autonomous Galmudug state and serves as the capital of the Harardhere District. Harardhere's name comes from tall trees called "Xarar", the name means "The place with the tall Xarar or Harar trees". Harardhere is considered to be the main hub of piracy in Somalia.

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Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki

Sheikh Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki (Hassan Abdullah Hirsii al-Turki, حسن عبد الله حرسي التركي الجامعة, born – died May 27, 2015), or "Al-Turki"–"The Turk", was a Somali Islamist and was military leader in the Islamic Courts Union and previously Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya.

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Hassan Dahir Aweys

Hassan Dahir Aweys (Xasan Daahir Aweys, حسن طاهر أويس) (born 1945)Winter, Joseph,, BBC News, 27 June 2006) is a Somali political figure who was added to the U.S. government's list of terrorists in 2001. Aweys was the head of the 90-member shura council of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) of Somalia, Integrated Regional Information Networks, 26 June 2006 and was viewed as one of the more radical leaders of the Union, which promoted shari'a and directed the militias that took control of the Somali capital of Mogadishu in June 2006. An eight-member executive committee was headed by the more moderate Sharif Sheikh Ahmed,. The BBC stated "It is still not clear which man is more powerful. ". Aweys resigned from the ICU on 28 December 2006, at the end of ICU rule in Mogadishu. He hails from the Habargidir/Ayr subclan within the Hawiye clan.

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Hawiye

The Hawiye (Hawiye, بنو هوية) is a Somali clan.

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Health care

Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.

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Hizbul Islam

Hizbul Islam ("Islamic Party"), also known as Hizbul Islaami, Hisbi Islam, or Hezb-ul Islam, was a Somali Islamist insurgent group.

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Hobyo

Hobyo (Hobyo, also known as Obbia), is an ancient port city in Galmudug state in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia.

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Ibrahim Hassan Addou

Ibraahin Hassan Addow (Ibraahin Xasan Caddoow, ابراهيم حسن ادو) (died December 3, 2009) (M.Ed, PHD) was a Somali scholar and politician.

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International Crisis Group

The International Crisis Group (ICG; also simply known as the Crisis Group) is a transnational non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 1995 that carries out field research on violent conflict and advances policies to prevent, mitigate or resolve conflict.

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IRIN

IRIN (formerly Integrated Regional Information Networks) is a news agency focusing on humanitarian stories in regions that are often forgotten, under-reported, misunderstood or ignored.

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Jihad

Jihad (جهاد) is an Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy aim.

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Jilib

Jilib (other names: Gilib, Gelib, Jillib, Jillio) is a town in Somalia, with an estimated population of approximately 125.000 Mainly subclan of Darod Marehan and other minority clans.

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Journalist

A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information to the public.

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Jowhar

Jowhar (Jowhaar, جوهر, Giohar, formerly Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi or simply Villabruzzi) is the capital city of Hirshabelle state of Somalia.

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Juba Valley Alliance

The Juba Valley Alliance (JVA; Somali: Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba) is a political faction of the Somali Civil War.

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Judiciary

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa with its capital and largest city in Nairobi.

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Khartoum

Khartoum is the capital and largest city of Sudan.

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Khat

Khat or qat (Catha edulis, qat from القات) is a flowering plant native to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

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Kibibyte

The kibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for quantities of digital information.

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Kismayo

Kismayo (Kismaayo; كيسمايو,; Italian: Chisimaio) is a port city in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) province of Somalia.

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Kritarchy

Kritarchy, also called kritocracy, is a system of rule by judges (שופטים, shoftim) in the tribal confederacy of ancient Israel during the period of time described in the Book of Judges, following Joshua's conquest of Canaan and prior to the united monarchy under Saul.

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Liberalism and progressivism within Islam

Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have produced a considerable body of liberal thought on the re-interpretation and reform of Islamic understanding and practice.

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List of Schedule I drugs (US)

This is the list of Schedule I drugs as defined by the United States Controlled Substances Act.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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Lower Shabelle

Lower Shabelle (Shabeellaha Hoose, شبيلي السفلى) is an administrative region (gobol) in southern Somalia.

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Mecca

Mecca or Makkah (مكة is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level, and south of Medina. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj (حَـجّ, "Pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah (ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة). As the birthplace of Muhammad, and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran (specifically, a cave from Mecca), Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, by majority description Islam's holiest site, as well as being the direction of Muslim prayer. Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. It was conquered by Ibn Saud in 1925. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, home to structures such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area. During this expansion, Mecca has lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the Muslim world,Fattah, Hassan M., The New York Times (20 January 2005). even though non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.

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Military prison

A military prison is a prison operated by the military.

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Militia

A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai).

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Mogadishu

Mogadishu (Muqdisho), known locally as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most populous city of Somalia.

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Mujahideen

Mujahideen (مجاهدين) is the plural form of mujahid (مجاهد), the term for one engaged in Jihad (literally, "holy war").

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Mukhtar Robow

Sheikh Mukhtar Robow (Mukhtaar Rooboow, مختار روبوو), also known as Abu Mansur, was a deputy leader and former spokesman of the Somali militant group Al-Shabaab.

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North Eastern Province (Kenya)

The North Eastern Province (Gobolka Woqooyi Bari) is one of the former Provinces in Kenya.

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Ogaden

Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled Ogadēn; Ogaadeen) is the unofficial name of the Somali Region, the territory comprising the eastern portion of Ethiopia.

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Operation Linda Nchi

Operation Linda Nchi ("Protect the country"; Linda Nchi) is the codename for a co-ordinated military operation between the Kenyan military and the Somali military that began on 16 October 2011, when troops from Kenya crossed the border into the conflict zones of southern Somalia.

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PBS NewsHour

The PBS NewsHour is an American daily evening television news program that is broadcast on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), airing seven nights a week on more than 350 of the public broadcaster's member stations.

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Peacekeeping

Peacekeeping refers to activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace.

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Piracy

Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties.

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Police

A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by a state to enforce the law, to protect people and property, and to prevent crime and civil disorder.

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Pornography

Pornography (often abbreviated porn) is the portrayal of sexual subject matter for the exclusive purpose of sexual arousal.

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Port

A port is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo.

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Presidency of George W. Bush

The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009.

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Propaganda

Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is presented.

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Puntland

Puntland (Puntlaand, أرض البنط), officially the Puntland State of Somalia (Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, بونتلاند دولة الصومال), is a region in northeastern Somalia.

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Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

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Qutbism

Qutbism (also called Kotebism, Qutbiyya, or Qutbiyyah) is an Islamist ideology developed by Sayyid Qutb, the figurehead of the Muslim Brotherhood.

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Ras Kamboni

Ras Kamboni (Raas kambooni) is a town in the Badhaadhe district of Lower Juba region, Somalia, which lies on a peninsula near the border with Kenya.

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Salafi movement

The Salafi movement or Salafist movement or Salafism is a reform branch or revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that developed in Egypt in the late 19th century as a response to European imperialism.

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Secularity

Secularity (adjective form secular, from Latin saeculum meaning "worldly", "of a generation", "temporal", or a span of about 100 years) is the state of being separate from religion, or of not being exclusively allied with or against any particular religion.

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Shafi‘i

The Shafi‘i (شافعي, alternative spelling Shafei) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam.

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Shahada

The Shahada (الشهادة,"the testimony").

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Sharia

Sharia, Sharia law, or Islamic law (شريعة) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition.

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Sharif Sheikh Ahmed

Sharif Sheikh Ahmed (Shariif Sheekh Axmed, شريف شيخ أحمد.; born 25 July 1964) is a Somali diplomat and politician.

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Shura

Shura (شورى shūrā) is an Arabic word for "consultation".

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Somali language

Somali Retrieved on 21 September 2013 (Af-Soomaali) is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch.

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Somalia

Somalia (Soomaaliya; aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the.

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Somaliland

Somaliland (Somaliland; صوماليلاند, rtl), officially the Republic of Somaliland (Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, جمهورية صوماليلاند Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd), is a self-declared state internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.

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Sudan

The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.

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Sufism

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

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Suicide attack

A suicide attack is any violent attack in which the attacker expects their own death as a direct result of the method used to harm, damage or destroy the target.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Taliban

The Taliban (طالبان "students"), alternatively spelled Taleban, which refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), is a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within that country.

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Tanzania

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a sovereign state in eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

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Terrorism financing

Terrorism financing refers to activities that provide financing or financial support to individual terrorists or non state actors.

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The Canadian Press

The Canadian Press (CP; La Presse Canadienne) is a national news agency headquartered in Toronto, Canada.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Transitional federal government, Republic of Somalia

The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) (Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka, الحكومة الاتحادية الانتقالية) was the internationally recognized government of the Republic of Somalia until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended and the Federal Government of Somalia was inaugurated.

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Transitional federal parliament, Republic of Somalia

The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (TFP) (Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya) was the national parliament of Somalia from 2004 until 2012.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Villa Somalia

Villa Somalia (Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya, فيلا الصومال) is a building in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia.

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Warlord

A warlord is a leader able to exercise military, economic, and political control over a subnational territory within a sovereign state due to their ability to mobilize loyal armed forces.

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Western (genre)

The Western is a genre of various arts which tell stories set primarily in the later half of the 19th century in the American Old West, often centering on the life of a nomadic cowboy or gunfighter armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse.

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Withdrawal (military)

A withdrawal is a type of military operation, generally meaning retreating forces back while maintaining contact with the enemy.

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Yusuf Mohammed Siad

Yusuf Mohammed Siad, (Yuusuf Maxamed Siyaad "Indhacadde") aka "Inda'ade" (White Eyes) is a Somali islamist and former Minister.

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1998 United States embassy bombings

The 1998 United States embassy bombings were attacks that occurred on August 7, 1998, in which over 200 people were killed in nearly simultaneous truck bomb explosions in two East African cities, one at the United States Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, the other at the United States Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.

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Redirects here:

Conservative Council of Islamic Courts, Council of Islamic Courts, Executive Chairman of the Islamic Courts Union, Islamic Court Union, Islamic Courts militia, Islamic Courts of Somalia, Islamic court union, Ittihad al-mahakim al-islamiyya, Ittihād al-mahākim al-islāmiyya, Joint Islamic Courts, Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga, Mogadishu Islamic Courts, Muqaawama, Somali Council of Islamic Courts, Somali Islamic courts, Somalia Islamic Courts Council, Somalia's Council of Islamic Courts, Supreme Council of Islamic Courts, Supreme Islamic Courts Council, The Islamic Courts Union, Union of Islamic Courts, Union of islamic courts, United Islamic Courts, اتحاد المحاكم الإسلام.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union

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