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832 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Aftonbladet, AGA AB, Agenda (Swedish TV program), Agenda 21, Agriculture, Agriculture in Sweden, Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Akvavit, Alder, Alfred Nobel, Allies of World War I, Alternating current, Anders Celsius, Andreas Norlén, Ansgar, Arab Spring, Arabic, Arboga, Arctic Circle, Area and population of European countries, Assassination of Olof Palme, Association football, AstraZeneca, Astrid Lindgren, Atlas Copco, August Strindberg, Augustus II the Strong, Autocracy, Automatic identification system, Avicii Arena, Axel Oxenstierna, Åland, Æsir, Öland, Östergötland, Øresund, Øresund Bridge, Øresund Region, Świnoujście, Baghdad, Balkan Romani, Balkans, Baltic Sea, Baltic states, Baltiysk, Bandy, Bandy World Championship, Barents Sea, Baroque architecture, ... Expand index (782 more) »
- Countries and territories where Swedish is an official language
- Former Christian states
- Kingdom of Sweden
- Member states of NATO
- Member states of the European Union
- Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Members of the Nordic Council
- OECD members
- Scandinavian countries
- States and territories established in the 12th century
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Sweden and Abbasid Caliphate
Aftonbladet
(lit. "The evening paper") is a Swedish daily tabloid newspaper published in Stockholm, Sweden.
AGA AB
AGA AB, previously AB Gasaccumulator and AB Svenska Gasaccumulator, was a Swedish industrial gas company founded in 1904.
Agenda (Swedish TV program)
Agenda is a Swedish current events television program broadcast on Sveriges Television.
See Sweden and Agenda (Swedish TV program)
Agenda 21
Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development.
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
Agriculture in Sweden
Agriculture in Sweden differs by region.
See Sweden and Agriculture in Sweden
Ahmad ibn Fadlan
Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān ibn al-ʿAbbās ibn Rāshid ibn Ḥammād, (أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حماد; commonly known as Ahmad ibn Fadlan (or Ibn Foszlan in older European literature), was a 10th-century traveler from Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate, famous for his account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Abbasid caliph, al-Muqtadir of Baghdad, to the king of the Volga Bulgars, known as his i ("account" or "journal").
See Sweden and Ahmad ibn Fadlan
Akvavit
Akvavit or aquavit (also akevitt in Norwegian; aquavit in English) is a distilled spirit that is principally produced in Scandinavia, where it has been produced since the 15th century.
Alder
Alders are trees that compose the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae.
See Sweden and Alder
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman.
Allies of World War I
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
See Sweden and Allies of World War I
Alternating current
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time, in contrast to direct current (DC), which flows only in one direction.
See Sweden and Alternating current
Anders Celsius
Anders Celsius (27 November 170125 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician.
Andreas Norlén
Per Olof Andreas Norlén (born 6 May 1973) is a Swedish politician and member of the Moderate Party who has served as Speaker of the Riksdag since September 2018.
Ansgar
Ansgar (8 September 801 – 3 February 865), also known as Anskar, Saint Ansgar, Saint Anschar or Oscar, was Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen in the northern part of the Kingdom of the East Franks.
Arab Spring
The Arab Spring (ar-rabīʻ al-ʻarabī) or the First Arab Spring (to distinguish from the Second Arab Spring) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arboga
Arboga is a locality and the seat of Arboga Municipality in Västmanland County, Sweden with 10,989 inhabitants in 2020.
Arctic Circle
The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth at about 66° 34' N. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle.
Area and population of European countries
This is a list of countries and territories in Europe by population density.
See Sweden and Area and population of European countries
Assassination of Olof Palme
On 28 February 1986, at 23:21 CET (22:21 UTC), Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden, was fatally wounded by a single gunshot while walking home from a cinema with his wife Lisbeth Palme on the central Stockholm street Sveavägen.
See Sweden and Assassination of Olof Palme
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Sweden and Association football
AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca plc (AZ) is a British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with its headquarters at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus in Cambridge, England.
Astrid Lindgren
Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren (14 November 1907 – 28 January 2002) was a Swedish writer of fiction and screenplays.
See Sweden and Astrid Lindgren
Atlas Copco
Atlas Copco (Copco from Compagnie Pneumatique Commerciale), also known as Atlas Kopkou, is a Swedish multinational industrial company that was founded in 1873.
August Strindberg
Johan August Strindberg (22 January 184914 May 1912) was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist, and painter.
See Sweden and August Strindberg
Augustus II the Strong
Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733.
See Sweden and Augustus II the Strong
Autocracy
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.
Automatic identification system
The automatic identification system (AIS) is an automatic tracking system that uses transceivers on ships and is used by vessel traffic services (VTS).
See Sweden and Automatic identification system
Avicii Arena
Avicii Arena, originally known as Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as Ericsson Globe, but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen, is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City, Johanneshov district of Stockholm, Sweden.
Axel Oxenstierna
Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna (1583–1654) was a Swedish statesman and Count of Södermöre.
See Sweden and Axel Oxenstierna
Åland
Åland (Ahvenanmaa) is an autonomous and demilitarised region of Finland. Sweden and Åland are countries and territories where Swedish is an official language and members of the Nordic Council.
See Sweden and Åland
Æsir
Æsir (Old Norse; singular: áss) or ēse (Old English; singular: ōs) are gods in Germanic paganism.
See Sweden and Æsir
Öland
Öland (sometimes written Oland internationally; Oelandia) is the second-largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden.
See Sweden and Öland
Östergötland
Östergötland (English exonym: East Gothland) is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish) in the south of Sweden.
Øresund
Øresund or Öresund (Øresund; Öresund), commonly known in English as the Sound, is a strait which forms the Danish–Swedish border, separating Zealand (Denmark) from Scania (Sweden).
Øresund Bridge
The Øresund or Öresund Bridge is a combined railway and motorway cable-stayed bridge across the Øresund strait between Denmark and Sweden.
Øresund Region
The Øresund Region (Øresundsregionen; Öresundsregionen), also known as the Greater Copenhagen Region, is a transnational metropolitan region encompassing the Capital Region and Region Zealand in eastern Denmark and Region Skåne and Region Halland in southern Sweden.
Świnoujście
Świnoujście (Swinemünde; Swienemünn; all three meaning "Świna mouth"; Swina) is a city in Western Pomerania and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland.
Baghdad
Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.
Balkan Romani
Balkan Roma, Balkaniko Romanes, or Balkan Gypsy is a specific non-Vlax dialect of the Romani language, spoken by groups within the Balkans, which include countries such as Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey etc.
Balkans
The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.
Baltic states
The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
Baltiysk
Baltiysk (Балти́йск; Pillau; Old Prussian: Pillawa; Piliava; Yiddish: פּילאַווע, Pilave) is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay.
Bandy
Bandy is a winter sport and ball sport played by two teams wearing ice skates on a large ice surface (either indoors or outdoors) while using sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.
See Sweden and Bandy
Bandy World Championship
The Bandy World Championship is a competition for the men's teams of bandy-playing nations.
See Sweden and Bandy World Championship
Barents Sea
The Barents Sea (also; Barentshavet,; Barentsevo More) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia and divided between Norwegian and Russian territorial waters.
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe.
See Sweden and Baroque architecture
Basic Laws of Sweden
The Basic Laws of Sweden (Sveriges grundlagar) are the four constitutional laws of the Kingdom of Sweden that regulate the Swedish political system, acting in a similar manner to the constitutions of most countries.
See Sweden and Basic Laws of Sweden
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)
The Battle of Breitenfeld (Schlacht bei Breitenfeld; Slaget vid Breitenfeld) or First Battle of Breitenfeld (in older texts sometimes known as Battle of Leipzig), was fought at a crossroads near Breitenfeld approximately 8 km north-west of the walled city of Leipzig on 17 September (Gregorian calendar), or 7 September (Julian calendar, in wide use at the time), 1631.
See Sweden and Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)
Battle of Kliszów
The Battle of Kliszów (also spelled Klissow or Klezow) took place on July 19, 1702, near the village of Kliszów in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Great Northern War.
See Sweden and Battle of Kliszów
Battle of Lützen (1632)
The Battle of Lützen, fought on 6 November 1632, is considered one of the most important battles of the Thirty Years' War.
See Sweden and Battle of Lützen (1632)
Battle of Leipzig
The Battle of Leipzig (Bataille de Leipsick; Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig,; Slaget vid Leipzig), also known as the Battle of the Nations, was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813 at Leipzig, Saxony.
See Sweden and Battle of Leipzig
Battle of Narva (1700)
The Battle of Narva (Slaget vid Narva) on (20 November in the Swedish transitional calendar) was an early battle in the Great Northern War.
See Sweden and Battle of Narva (1700)
Battle of Nördlingen (1634)
The Battle of Nördlingen took place on 6 September 1634 during the Thirty Years' War.
See Sweden and Battle of Nördlingen (1634)
Battle of Poltava
The Battle of Poltava (8 July 1709) was the decisive and largest battle of the Great Northern War.
See Sweden and Battle of Poltava
Bølling–Allerød Interstadial
The Bølling–Allerød Interstadial, also called the Late Glacial Interstadial (LGI), was an interstadial period which occurred from 14,690 to c. 12,890 years Before Present, during the final stages of the Last Glacial Period.
See Sweden and Bølling–Allerød Interstadial
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Beech
Beech (Fagus) is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Eurasia and North America.
See Sweden and Beech
Beowulf
Beowulf (Bēowulf) is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines.
Biofuel
Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels such as oil.
Birch
A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.
See Sweden and Birch
Birka
Birka (Birca in medieval sources), on the island of Björkö (lit. "Birch Island") in present-day Sweden, was an important Viking Age trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as many parts of the European continent and the Orient.
See Sweden and Birka
Björkö (Ekerö)
Björkö (Swedish for "Birch Island") is an island in Lake Mälaren in eastern-central Sweden.
Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.
Borgholm Castle
Borgholm Castle (Borgholms slott) in Borgholm, Sweden, is today only a ruin of the fortress that was first built in the second half of the 13th century and rebuilt many times in later centuries.
See Sweden and Borgholm Castle
Bornholm
Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. Sweden and Bosnia and Herzegovina are countries in Europe, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean and member states of the United Nations.
See Sweden and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bourgeoisie
The bourgeoisie are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between peasantry and aristocracy.
Bow (watercraft)
The bow is the forward part of the hull of a ship or boat, the point that is usually most forward when the vessel is underway.
See Sweden and Bow (watercraft)
Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.
Bromme culture
The Bromme culture (Brommekultur) is a late Upper Paleolithic culture dated to c. 11,600 to 9,800 cal BC, which corresponds to the second half of the Allerød Oscillation.
Burlesque
A burlesque is a literary, dramatic or musical work intended to cause laughter by caricaturing the manner or spirit of serious works, or by ludicrous treatment of their subjects.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Sweden and Byzantine Empire are former Christian states.
See Sweden and Byzantine Empire
Cabinet collective responsibility
Cabinet collective responsibility, also known as collective ministerial responsibility, is a constitutional convention in parliamentary systems and a cornerstone of the Westminster system system of government, that members of the cabinet must publicly support all governmental decisions made in Cabinet, even if they do not privately agree with them.
See Sweden and Cabinet collective responsibility
Capital city
A capital city or just capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational division, usually as its seat of the government.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
Carbon price
Carbon pricing (or pricing) is a method for governments to mitigate climate change, in which a monetary cost is applied to greenhouse gas emissions in order to encourage polluters to reduce fossil fuel combustion, the main driver of climate change.
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
Carl Michael Bellman
Carl Michael Bellman (4 February 1740 – 11 February 1795) was a Swedish songwriter, composer, musician, poet, and entertainer.
See Sweden and Carl Michael Bellman
Carl XVI Gustaf
Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden.
See Sweden and Carl XVI Gustaf
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Sweden and Catholic Church
Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year.
See Sweden and Central European Summer Time
Central European Time
Central European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
See Sweden and Central European Time
Central heating
A central heating system provides warmth to a number of spaces within a building from one main source of heat.
See Sweden and Central heating
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Sweden and Central Intelligence Agency
Centre Party (Sweden)
The Centre Party (Centerpartiet, C) is a liberal political party in Sweden, founded in 1913.
See Sweden and Centre Party (Sweden)
Centre-right politics
Centre-right politics is the set of right-wing political ideologies that lean closer to the political centre.
See Sweden and Centre-right politics
Charles IX of Sweden
Charles IX, also Carl (Karl IX; 4 October 1550 – 30 October 1611), reigned as King of Sweden from 1604 until his death.
See Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden
Charles X Gustav
Charles X Gustav, also Carl X Gustav (Karl X Gustav; 8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death.
See Sweden and Charles X Gustav
Charles XI of Sweden
Charles XI or Carl (Karl XI) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1721).
See Sweden and Charles XI of Sweden
Charles XII of Sweden
Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII (Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718.
See Sweden and Charles XII of Sweden
Charles XIII
Charles XIII, or Carl XIII (Karl XIII, 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death.
Charles XIV John
Charles XIV John (Karl XIV Johan; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty.
See Sweden and Charles XIV John
Children's Food Trust
The Children's Food Trust (formerly known as the School Food Trust, renamed in 2012) was a charity in the United Kingdom that sought to promote healthy eating for children.
See Sweden and Children's Food Trust
Christian Democrats (Sweden)
The Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna; KD) is a Christian-democratic political party in Sweden founded in March 1964.
See Sweden and Christian Democrats (Sweden)
Christian denomination
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity that comprises all church congregations of the same kind, identifiable by traits such as a name, particular history, organization, leadership, theological doctrine, worship style and, sometimes, a founder.
See Sweden and Christian denomination
Christian II of Denmark
Christian II (1 July 1481 – 25 January 1559) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union who reigned as King of Denmark and Norway, from 1513 until 1523, and Sweden from 1520 until 1521.
See Sweden and Christian II of Denmark
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christianization of Scandinavia
The Christianization of Scandinavia, as well as other Nordic countries and the Baltic countries, took place between the 8th and the 12th centuries.
See Sweden and Christianization of Scandinavia
Church of Sweden
The Church of Sweden (Svenska kyrkan) is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden.
See Sweden and Church of Sweden
Cipher
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
City commission government
City commission government is a form of local government in the United States.
See Sweden and City commission government
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation (or decarbonisation) is action to limit the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause climate change.
See Sweden and Climate change mitigation
Climate of Sweden
The south of Sweden has a temperate climate, despite its northern latitude, with largely four distinct seasons and mild temperatures throughout the year.
See Sweden and Climate of Sweden
Coat of arms of Sweden
The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Sweden (Sveriges riksvapen) is the arms of dominion of the King of Sweden.
See Sweden and Coat of arms of Sweden
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Conscription
Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.
Consolidation of Sweden
The consolidation of Sweden involved an extensive process during which the loosely organized social system consolidated under the power of the king.
See Sweden and Consolidation of Sweden
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.
See Sweden and Constitutional monarchy
Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II.
See Sweden and Continuation War
Convention of Moss
The Convention of Moss (Mossekonvensjonen) was a ceasefire agreement signed on 14 August 1814 between the King of Sweden and the Norwegian government.
See Sweden and Convention of Moss
Copenhagen Airport
Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup (Københavns Lufthavn, Kastrup) is an international airport serving Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, as well as Zealand, the Øresund Region, and southern Sweden including Scania.
See Sweden and Copenhagen Airport
Copenhagen Malmö Port
Copenhagen Malmö Port AB (CMP) operates the ports in Denmark's capital Copenhagen and in Sweden's third largest city, Malmö.
See Sweden and Copenhagen Malmö Port
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
Cornus sanguinea
Cornus sanguinea, the common dogwood or bloody dogwood, is a species of dogwood native to most of Europe and western Asia, from England and central Scotland east to the Caspian Sea.
See Sweden and Cornus sanguinea
Corporal punishment
A corporal punishment or a physical punishment is a punishment which is intended to cause physical pain to a person.
See Sweden and Corporal punishment
Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Europe and Western Asia.
See Sweden and Corylus avellana
Cossacks
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.
Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
See Sweden and Council of Europe
Council on Legislation (Sweden)
The Council on Legislation (Lagrådet) is a Swedish government agency composed of current and former justices of the Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court.
See Sweden and Council on Legislation (Sweden)
Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time.
See Sweden and Counter-Reformation
Counterintelligence
Counterintelligence (counter-intelligence) or counterespionage (counter-espionage) is any activity aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service.
See Sweden and Counterintelligence
Counties of Sweden
The counties of Sweden (Sveriges län) are the administrative subdivisions of Sweden.
See Sweden and Counties of Sweden
County administrative boards of Sweden
A county administrative board (länsstyrelse) is a Swedish Government Agency in each of the counties of Sweden, led by a vice-regal governor (landshövding) appointed by the government for a term of six years.
See Sweden and County administrative boards of Sweden
Crayfish
Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the infraorder Astacidea, which also contains lobsters.
Crayfish party
A crayfish party is a traditional summertime eating and drinking celebration in the Nordic countries.
Credit Suisse
Credit Suisse Group AG is a global investment bank and financial services firm founded and based in Switzerland as a standalone firm but now a subsidiary of UBS.
Crime statistics
Crime statistics refer to systematic, quantitative results about crime, as opposed to crime news or anecdotes.
See Sweden and Crime statistics
Crispbread
Crispbread is a flat and dry type of bread, containing mostly rye flour.
Curling
Curling is a sport in which players slide stones on a sheet of ice toward a target area which is segmented into four concentric circles.
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sweden and Cyprus are countries in Europe, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean and member states of the United Nations.
Dagen H
Dagen H (H-day), today usually called "Högertrafikomläggningen", was on 3 September 1967, the day in which Sweden switched from driving on the left-hand side of the road to the right.
Dagens Nyheter
(), abbreviated DN, is a daily newspaper in Sweden.
Dairy product
Dairy products or milk products, also known as lacticinia, are food products made from (or containing) milk.
Dalby, Lund Municipality
Dalby is a locality and short-lived (11th century) former Latin Catholic diocese situated in Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 6732 inhabitants in 2019.
See Sweden and Dalby, Lund Municipality
Danderyd Municipality
Danderyd Municipality (Danderyds kommun) is a municipality north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden.
See Sweden and Danderyd Municipality
Danish cuisine
Danish cuisine originated from the peasant population's own local produce and was enhanced by cooking techniques developed in the late 19th century and the wider availability of goods during and after the Industrial Revolution.
Danish language
Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark.
See Sweden and Danish language
De facto
De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.
Deluge (history)
The Deluge (potop szwedzki; švedų tvanas) was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
See Sweden and Deluge (history)
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Denmark–Norway
Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark–Norge) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including the then Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and other possessions), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein.
Department of Health and Aged Care
The Department of Health and Aged Care (DHAC), formerly the Department of Health, is a department of the Australian Government responsible for health research, funding, promotion and regulation in Australia.
See Sweden and Department of Health and Aged Care
Deregulation
Deregulation is the process of removing or reducing state regulations, typically in the economic sphere.
Digital terrestrial television in Sweden
Digital terrestrial television was launched in Sweden in 1999.
See Sweden and Digital terrestrial television in Sweden
Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
The Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (DG EMPL) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission.
See Sweden and Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion
Dissenter Acts (Sweden)
Dissenter Acts (Dissenterlagarna) were laws, enacted by the King of Sweden with the consent of the Swedish Parliament, which gave nonconformists who wanted to leave the then established Church of Sweden the right to do so, provided that the dissenters then joined one of the state-approved denominations.
See Sweden and Dissenter Acts (Sweden)
District heating
District heating (also known as heat networks) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location through a system of insulated pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating and water heating.
See Sweden and District heating
Domestic partnership
A domestic partnership is an intimate relationship between people, usually couples, who live together and share a common domestic life but who are not married (to each other or to anyone else).
See Sweden and Domestic partnership
Dominium maris baltici
The establishment of a dominium maris baltici,.
See Sweden and Dominium maris baltici
Drinking water
Drinking water or potable water is water that is safe for ingestion, either when drunk directly in liquid form or consumed indirectly through food preparation.
Drottningholm Palace
Drottningholm Palace (Drottningholms slott), or Drottningholm, one of Sweden's Royal Palaces, situated near Sweden's capital Stockholm, is the private residence of the Swedish royal family.
See Sweden and Drottningholm Palace
Du gamla, du fria
"Du gamla, du fria" is the de facto national anthem of Sweden.
See Sweden and Du gamla, du fria
Duchy of Prussia
The Duchy of Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen, Księstwo Pruskie, Prūsijos kunigaikštystė) or Ducal Prussia (Herzogliches Preußen; Prusy Książęce) was a duchy in the region of Prussia established as a result of secularization of the Monastic Prussia, the territory that remained under the control of the State of the Teutonic Order until the Protestant Reformation in 1525.
See Sweden and Duchy of Prussia
Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles.
See Sweden and Dutch elm disease
Dutch Language Union
The Dutch Language Union (Dutch:, NTU) is an international regulatory institution that governs issues regarding the Dutch language.
See Sweden and Dutch Language Union
Dynamite
Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and stabilizers.
Early Modern English
Early Modern English (sometimes abbreviated EModEFor example, or EMnE) or Early New English (ENE) is the stage of the English language from the beginning of the Tudor period to the English Interregnum and Restoration, or from the transition from Middle English, in the late 15th century, to the transition to Modern English, in the mid-to-late 17th century.
See Sweden and Early Modern English
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.
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Econ Journal Watch
Econ Journal Watch is a semiannual peer-reviewed electronic journal established in 2004.
See Sweden and Econ Journal Watch
Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
The economic and monetary union (EMU) of the European Union is a group of policies aimed at converging the economies of member states of the European Union at three stages.
See Sweden and Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
Economy of Sweden
The economy of Sweden is a highly developed export-oriented economy, aided by timber, hydropower, and iron ore.
See Sweden and Economy of Sweden
Education Index
An Education index is a component of the Human Development Index published every year by the United Nations Development Programme.
See Sweden and Education Index
Edwin O. Reischauer
Edwin Oldfather Reischauer (October 15, 1910 – September 1, 1990) was an American diplomat, educator, and professor at Harvard University.
See Sweden and Edwin O. Reischauer
Eel
Eels are ray-finned fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of eight suborders, 20 families, 164 genera, and about 1000 species.
See Sweden and Eel
Eketorp
Eketorp is an Iron Age fort, located in southeastern Öland, Sweden, and extensively reconstructed and enlarged in the Middle Ages.
Elbląg
Elbląg (Elbing; script) is a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, located in the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 127,390 inhabitants, as of December 2021.
Election Authority (Sweden)
The Swedish Election Authority (Valmyndigheten) is a government agency responsible for organizing national elections and referendums in Sweden.
See Sweden and Election Authority (Sweden)
Elections in Sweden
Elections in Sweden are held once every four years.
See Sweden and Elections in Sweden
Electrolux
Electrolux AB is a Swedish multinational home appliance manufacturer, headquartered in Stockholm.
Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the family Ulmaceae.
See Sweden and Elm
Elsevier
Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.
Emil i Lönneberga
Emil of Lönneberga (from Swedish: Emil i Lönneberga) is a series of children's novels, written by Astrid Lindgren in 1963, 1966 and 1970 respectively, about the prankster Emil Svensson who lives on a farm in the Lönneberga parish of Småland, Sweden.
See Sweden and Emil i Lönneberga
Enclosure
Enclosure or inclosure is a term, used in English landownership, that refers to the appropriation of "waste" or "common land" enclosing it and by doing so depriving commoners of their rights of access and privilege.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Sweden and Encyclopædia Britannica
Energy tax
An energy tax is a tax that increases the price of energy.
England runestones
The England runestones (Swedish: Englandsstenarna) are a group of about 30 runestones in Scandinavia which refer to Viking Age voyages to England.
See Sweden and England runestones
Environmental policy
Environmental policy is the commitment of an organization or government to the laws, regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental issues.
See Sweden and Environmental policy
Equal opportunity
Equal opportunity is a state of fairness in which individuals are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers, prejudices, or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.
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Equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics
The equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics were held in Stockholm due to the Australian quarantine regulations and included dressage, eventing, and show jumping.
See Sweden and Equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Eric Chronicle
The Eric Chronicle (Swedish: Erikskrönikan, the 2012 English translation: The Chronicle of Duke Erik) is the oldest surviving Swedish chronicle.
Ericsson
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, commonly known as Ericsson, is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm.
Erik Wallenberg
Erik Wallenberg (25 December 1915 – 18 October 1999) was a Swedish engineer.
See Sweden and Erik Wallenberg
Estates of the realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe.
See Sweden and Estates of the realm
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. Sweden and Estonia are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Estonian language
Estonian (eesti keel) is a Finnic language of the Uralic family.
See Sweden and Estonian language
Euonymus europaeus
Euonymus europaeus, the spindle, European spindle, or common spindle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae, native to much of Europe, where it inhabits the edges of forest, hedges and gentle slopes, tending to thrive on nutrient-rich, chalky and salt-poor soils.
See Sweden and Euonymus europaeus
Eurobarometer
Eurobarometer is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the European Commission and other EU institutions since 1973.
European balance of power
The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe.
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European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).
See Sweden and European Commission
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.
See Sweden and European Economic Community
European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions.
See Sweden and European Parliament
European Spallation Source
The European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS) is a multi-disciplinary research facility currently under construction in Lund, Sweden.
See Sweden and European Spallation Source
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
Eurostat
Eurostat ('European Statistical Office'; DG ESTAT) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism, also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity, being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion, as authoritatively guided by the Bible, God's revelation to humanity.
Executive arrangements
In England, local authorities are required to adopt one of three types of executive arrangements, having an "elected mayor and cabinet", a "leader and cabinet", or a "committee system".
See Sweden and Executive arrangements
Expressen
(The Express) is one of two nationwide evening newspapers in Sweden.
Far-right politics
Far-right politics, or right-wing extremism, is a spectrum of political thought that tends to be radically conservative, ultra-nationalist, and authoritarian, often also including nativist tendencies.
See Sweden and Far-right politics
Feminist Initiative (Sweden)
Feminist Initiative (Feministiskt initiativ; abbreviated FI, Fi, or F!) is a radical feminist political party in Sweden.
See Sweden and Feminist Initiative (Sweden)
Feminist movement
The feminist movement, also known as the women's movement, refers to a series of social movements and political campaigns for radical and liberal reforms on women's issues created by inequality between men and women.
See Sweden and Feminist movement
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.
FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often called the World Cup, is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
Figure skating
Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice.
Financialization
Financialization (or financialisation in British English) is a term sometimes used to describe the development of financial capitalism during the period from 1980 to present, in which debt-to-equity ratios increased and financial services accounted for an increasing share of national income relative to other sectors.
See Sweden and Financialization
Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. Sweden and Finland are countries and territories where Swedish is an official language, countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, members of the Nordic Council and OECD members.
Finnic languages
The Finnic or Baltic Finnic languages constitute a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by the Baltic Finnic peoples.
See Sweden and Finnic languages
Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland) during the country's transition from a grand duchy ruled by the Russian Empire to a fully independent state.
See Sweden and Finnish Civil War
Finnish cuisine
Finnish cuisine is notable for generally combining traditional country fare and haute cuisine with contemporary continental-style cooking.
See Sweden and Finnish cuisine
Finnish language
Finnish (endonym: suomi or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland.
See Sweden and Finnish language
Finnish War
The Finnish War (Finska kriget, Финляндская война, Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars.
First Swedish Crusade
The First Swedish Crusade was a possibly mythical military expedition in the 1150s to Southwestern Finland by Swedish King Eric IX and English Bishop Henry of Uppsala.
See Sweden and First Swedish Crusade
Flag flying days in Sweden
By an ordinance issued by the Government of Sweden, a number of days of the calendar year are designated as official flag flying days.
See Sweden and Flag flying days in Sweden
Flint
Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone.
See Sweden and Flint
Floorball
Floorball (also known by other names) is a type of floor hockey with five players and a goalkeeper in each team.
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsOrganisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura.
See Sweden and Food and Agriculture Organization
Foreign relations of Sweden
The foreign policy of Sweden was formerly based on the premise that national security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain a neutral country in the event of war, with this policy lasting from 1814 in the context of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars until the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine.
See Sweden and Foreign relations of Sweden
Frangula alnus
Frangula alnus, commonly known as alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, or breaking buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family Rhamnaceae.
Franz Berwald
Franz Adolf Berwald (23 July 1796 – 3 April 1868) was a Swedish Romantic composer and violinist.
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, known as the ash, or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash, is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae.
See Sweden and Fraxinus excelsior
Frederikshavn
Frederikshavn is a Danish town in Frederikshavn municipality, Region Nordjylland, on the northeast coast of the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark.
Free church
A free church is any Christian denomination that is intrinsically separate from government (as opposed to a state church).
Free trade
Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports.
Free trade areas in Europe
At present, there are six multi-lateral free trade areas in Europe, and one former free trade area in recent history.
See Sweden and Free trade areas in Europe
Freedom in the World
Freedom in the World is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world.
See Sweden and Freedom in the World
Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
See Sweden and Freedom of religion
Functionalism (architecture)
In architecture, functionalism is the principle that buildings should be designed based solely on their purpose and function.
See Sweden and Functionalism (architecture)
Göta älv
The ("River of (the) Geats") is a river that drains lake Vänern into the Kattegat, at the city of Gothenburg, on the western coast of Sweden.
Göta Canal
The Göta Canal (Göta kanal) is a Swedish canal constructed in the early 19th century.
Götaland
Götaland (also Gothia, Gothland, Gothenland or Gautland) is one of three lands of Sweden and comprises ten provinces.
Göteborg Landvetter Airport
Göteborg Landvetter Airport is an international airport serving the Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg) region in Sweden.
See Sweden and Göteborg Landvetter Airport
Göteborgs-Posten
(lit. "The Gothenburg Post"), abbreviated GP, is a major Swedish language daily newspaper published in Gothenburg, Sweden.
See Sweden and Göteborgs-Posten
Geats
The Geats (gēatas; gautar; götar), sometimes called Goths, were a large North Germanic tribe who inhabited italic ("land of the Geats") in modern southern Sweden from antiquity until the Late Middle Ages.
See Sweden and Geats
Gender equality
Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, regardless of gender.
See Sweden and Gender equality
Georg Stiernhielm
Georg Stiernhielm (August 7, 1598 – April 22, 1672) was a Swedish civil servant, mathematician, linguist and poet.
See Sweden and Georg Stiernhielm
German Empire
The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.
Germania (book)
The Germania, written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 AD and originally entitled On the Origin and Situation of the Germans (De origine et situ Germanorum), is a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic peoples outside the Roman Empire.
See Sweden and Germania (book)
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa.
See Sweden and Germanic languages
Ghent system
The Ghent system is the name given to an arrangement in some countries whereby the main responsibility for welfare payments, especially unemployment benefits, is held by trade unions rather than a government agency.
Gini coefficient
In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality, the wealth inequality, or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group.
See Sweden and Gini coefficient
Global Competitiveness Report
The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) was a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum.
See Sweden and Global Competitiveness Report
Global Innovation Index
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
See Sweden and Global Innovation Index
Golf
Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit a ball into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.
See Sweden and Golf
Gothenburg
Gothenburg (abbreviated Gbg; Göteborg) is the capital of Västra Götaland County in Sweden.
Gothenburg tram network
The Gothenburg tramway network (Göteborgs spårvägar) is part of the public transport system organised by Göteborgs Spårvägar, controlled by Västtrafik in the Swedish city of Gothenburg.
See Sweden and Gothenburg tram network
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas.
See Sweden and Gothic architecture
Gotland
Gotland (Gutland in Gutnish), also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland, is Sweden's largest island.
Government agencies in Sweden
The government agencies in Sweden are state-controlled organizations that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden.
See Sweden and Government agencies in Sweden
Government of Sweden
The Government of the Kingdom of Sweden (Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet of Sweden, and the country's executive authority.
See Sweden and Government of Sweden
Grand Duchy of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, was the predecessor state of modern Finland. Sweden and Grand Duchy of Finland are countries and territories where Swedish is an official language.
See Sweden and Grand Duchy of Finland
Great Famine of 1695–1697
The Great Famine of 1695–1697, or simply the Great Famine, was a catastrophic famine that affected the present Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway and Sweden, all of which belonged to the Swedish Empire with the exception of Norway.
See Sweden and Great Famine of 1695–1697
Great Frost of 1709
The Great Frost, as it was known in England, or Le Grand Hiver ("The Great Winter"), as it was known in France, was an extraordinarily cold winter in Europe in 1708–1709,.
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Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
See Sweden and Great Northern War
Great Northern War plague outbreak
During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), many towns and areas around the Baltic Sea and East-Central Europe had a severe outbreak of the plague with a peak from 1708 to 1712.
See Sweden and Great Northern War plague outbreak
Great power
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
Greece runestones
The Greece runestones (Greklandsstenarna) are about 30 runestones containing information related to voyages made by Norsemen to the Byzantine Empire.
See Sweden and Greece runestones
Green Cargo
Green Cargo AB is a Swedish state-owned logistics company that transports various types of goods by train.
Green Party (Sweden)
The Green Party (Miljöpartiet de gröna, MP), commonly referred to as Miljöpartiet in Swedish, is a political party in Sweden based on green politics.
See Sweden and Green Party (Sweden)
Grenaa
Grenaa (or Grenå) is a Danish town and seaport on the east coast of the Jutlandic peninsula.
Greta Garbo
Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress and a premier star during Hollywood's silent and early golden eras.
Gripsholm Castle
Gripsholm Castle (Gripsholms slott) is a castle in Mariefred, Södermanland, Sweden.
See Sweden and Gripsholm Castle
Gulf of Bothnia
The Gulf of Bothnia (Pohjanlahti; Bottniska viken) is divided into the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea, and it is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, between Finland's west coast (East Bothnia) and the northern part of Sweden's east coast (West Bothnia and North Bothnia).
See Sweden and Gulf of Bothnia
Gulf Stream
The Gulf Stream is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida and up the eastern coastline of the United States, then veers east near 36°N latitude (North Carolina) and moves toward Northwest Europe as the North Atlantic Current.
Gustaf Dalén
Nils Gustaf Dalén (30 November 1869 – 9 December 1937) was a Swedish Nobel laureate and industrialist, engineer, inventor and long-term CEO of the AGA company and inventor of the AGA cooker and the Dalén light.
Gustav Vasa
Gustav I (born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family; 12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), commonly known as Gustav Vasa, was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksföreståndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
Gustav Vasa Bible
The Gustav Vasa Bible (Gustav Vasas bibel) is the common name of the Swedish Bible translation published in 1540–41.
See Sweden and Gustav Vasa Bible
Gustavus Adolphus
Gustavus Adolphus (9 December 15946 November 1632), also known in English as Gustav II Adolf or Gustav II Adolph, was King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632, and is credited with the rise of Sweden as a great European power (Stormaktstiden).
See Sweden and Gustavus Adolphus
Gutes
The Gutes (Old West Norse: Gotar, Old Gutnish: Gutar) were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting the island of Gotland.
See Sweden and Gutes
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a type of sport that includes physical exercises requiring balance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, artistry and endurance.
H&M
H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB is a multinational clothing company based in Sweden that focuses on fast-fashion clothing.
See Sweden and H&M
Halltorp
Halltorp was one of the earliest manors on the island of Öland, Sweden, dating from the 11th century AD.
Handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the opposing team.
Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe.
See Sweden and Hanseatic League
Harry Martinson
Harry Martinson (6May 190411February 1978) was a Swedish writer, poet and former sailor.
See Sweden and Harry Martinson
Håkan Lans
Anders Håkan Lans (born 2 November 1947 in Enskede) is a Swedish inventor.
Höganäs
Höganäs is a locality and the seat of Höganäs Municipality, Scania County, Sweden.
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
Health in Sweden
Health in Sweden has generally improved over time, with life expectancy increasing, and is at a high level in international comparison.
See Sweden and Health in Sweden
Hedera helix
Hedera helix, the common ivy, European ivy, or just ivy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae.
Helsingør
Helsingør (Helsingör), classically known in English as Elsinore, is a coastal city in northeastern Denmark.
Helsingborg
Helsingborg, is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania (Skåne), Sweden.
Helsinki
Helsinki is the capital and most populous city in Finland.
Henning Mankell
Henning Georg Mankell (3February 19485October 2015) was a Swedish crime writer, children's author, and dramatist, best known for a series of mystery novels starring his most noted creation, Inspector Kurt Wallander.
See Sweden and Henning Mankell
Herring
Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae.
History of Sweden
The history of Sweden can be traced back to the melting of the Northern Polar Ice Caps.
See Sweden and History of Sweden
History of Sweden (1523–1611)
The early Vasa era is a period in Swedish history that lasted between 1523–1611.
See Sweden and History of Sweden (1523–1611)
History of the Jews in Sweden
The history of Jews in Sweden can be traced from the 17th century, when their presence is verified in the baptism records of the Stockholm Cathedral.
See Sweden and History of the Jews in Sweden
Hjälmaren
Hjälmaren, also spelled Jälmaren, is Sweden's fourth largest lake.
Hofors Municipality
Hofors Municipality (Hofors kommun) is a municipality in Gävleborg County, east central Sweden.
See Sweden and Hofors Municipality
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum, Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Imperator Germanorum, Roman-German emperor), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
See Sweden and Holy Roman Emperor
Holy See
The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.
Hornbeam
Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus Carpinus in the family Betulaceae.
House of Bernadotte
The House of Bernadotte is the royal family of Sweden, founded there in 1818 by King Charles XIV John of Sweden.
See Sweden and House of Bernadotte
House of Bjälbo
The House of Bjälbo, also known as the House of Folkung (Bjälboätten or Folkungaätten), was a Swedish family that produced several medieval Swedish bishops, jarls and kings.
See Sweden and House of Bjälbo
House of Eric
The House of Eric (Erikska ätten) was a medieval Swedish royal dynasty with several pretenders to the throne between 1150 and 1220, rivaling for kingship of Sweden with the House of Sverker.
House of Sverker
The House of Sverker were a powerful political force in medieval Sweden, contesting for royal power.
See Sweden and House of Sverker
Huguenots
The Huguenots were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism.
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
See Sweden and Human Development Index
Humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) and snowy winters.
See Sweden and Humid continental climate
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).
See Sweden and Hunter-gatherer
Hydropower
Hydropower (from Ancient Greek -, "water"), also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines.
Hyllie railway station
Hyllie Station (Hyllie station) is a railway station located in the Hyllie city district in the southwestern part of Malmö, Sweden.
See Sweden and Hyllie railway station
ICA Gruppen
ICA Gruppen AB ("ICA Group"; from Inköpscentralernas aktiebolag) is a Swedish retailer franchise with a focus on food and health.
Ice hockey
Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport.
Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, was the 18th Olympic Championship.
See Sweden and Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held at the Torino Palasport Olimpico and the Torino Esposizioni in Turin, Italy.
See Sweden and Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice Hockey World Championships
The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual international men's ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships, the precursor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910.
See Sweden and Ice Hockey World Championships
IKEA
Inter IKEA Systems B.V., trading as IKEA, is a Swedish multinational conglomerate that designs and sells, kitchen appliances, decoration, home accessories, and various other goods and home services.
See Sweden and IKEA
Ilex aquifolium
Ilex aquifolium, the holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, or occasionally Christmas holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.
See Sweden and Ilex aquifolium
Immigration to Sweden
Immigration to Sweden is the process by which people migrate to Sweden to reside in the country.
See Sweden and Immigration to Sweden
Individual ministerial responsibility
In Westminster-style governments, individual ministerial responsibility is a constitutional convention that a cabinet minister bears the ultimate responsibility for the actions of their ministry or department.
See Sweden and Individual ministerial responsibility
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.
See Sweden and Industrial Revolution
Infant baptism
Infant baptism (or paedobaptism) is the practice of baptizing infants or young children.
Infant mortality
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.
See Sweden and Infant mortality
Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) was a Swedish film and theatre director and screenwriter.
Ingrid Bergman
Ingrid Bergman (29 August 191529 August 1982) was a Swedish actress.
Ingvar runestones
The Ingvar runestones (Ingvarstenarna) is the name of around 26 Varangian Runestones that were raised in commemoration of those who died in the Swedish Viking expedition to the Caspian Sea of Ingvar the Far-Travelled.
See Sweden and Ingvar runestones
Ingvar the Far-Travelled
Ingvar the Far-Travelled (Old Norse: Yngvarr víðfǫrli, Swedish: Ingvar Vittfarne) was a Swedish Viking who led an expedition that fought in the Kingdom of Georgia.
See Sweden and Ingvar the Far-Travelled
Inland Line
The Inland Line (Inlandsbanan) is a railway line between Kristinehamn and Gällivare in Sweden.
Inner Six
The Inner Six, also known as the Six, the Six founders, or the founding members of the European Union, refers to Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands, the six founding member states of the European Communities, now succeeded by the European Union.
Institute of Physics
The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a UK-based not-for-profit learned society and professional body that works to advance physics education, research and application.
See Sweden and Institute of Physics
Instrument of Government (1809)
The 1809 Instrument of Government (1809 års regeringsform), adopted on 6 June 1809 by the Riksdag of the Estates and King Charles XIII, was the constitution of the Kingdom of Sweden from 1809 to the end of 1974.
See Sweden and Instrument of Government (1809)
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation, established in 1974, that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global energy sector.
See Sweden and International Energy Agency
International Futures
International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help with thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment).
See Sweden and International Futures
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See Sweden and International Monetary Fund
International trade
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services.
See Sweden and International trade
Iron
Iron is a chemical element.
See Sweden and Iron
Islam in Sweden
Swedish contacts with the Muslim world dates back to the 7th–10th centuries, when the Vikings traded with Muslims during the Islamic Golden Age.
See Sweden and Islam in Sweden
Jan Guillou
Jan Oskar Sverre Lucien Henri Guillou (born 17 January 1944) is a French-Swedish author and journalist.
Johan Henric Kellgren
Johan Henric Kellgren (1 December 1751 – 20 April 1795) was a Swedish poet and critic.
See Sweden and Johan Henric Kellgren
Joik
A joik or yoik (anglicised, where the latter spelling in English conforms with the pronunciation; also named luohti, vuolle, vuelie, or juoiggus in the Sámi languages) is a traditional form of song in Sámi music performed by the Sámi people of Sapmi in Northern Europe.
See Sweden and Joik
Jonas Wenström
Jonas Wenström (4 August 1855 in Hällefors – 22 December 1893 in Västerås) was a Swedish engineer and inventor, who in 1890 received a Swedish patent on the same three-phase system independently developed by Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky.
Jordanes
Jordanes (Greek: Ιορδάνης), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat, widely believed to be of Gothic descent, who became a historian later in life.
Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
The Journal of Anthropological Archaeology is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of archaeology.
See Sweden and Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
See Sweden and Judicial review
Judiciary of Sweden
The judicial system of Sweden consists of the law of Sweden and a number of government agencies tasked with upholding security and rule of law within the country.
See Sweden and Judiciary of Sweden
June List
The June List (Junilistan, jl) is a Swedish left Eurosceptic political party.
Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae.
See Sweden and Juniperus communis
Kalderash Romani language
Kalderash Romani is a group of Vlax dialects spoken by the Kalderash Romani, mainly in Romania.
See Sweden and Kalderash Romani language
Kalmar
Kalmar is a city in the southeast of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea.
Kalmar Castle
Kalmar Castle (Kalmar slott) is a castle in the city Kalmar in the province of Småland in Sweden.
Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union (Danish, Norwegian, and Kalmarunionen; Kalmarin unioni; Kalmarsambandið; Unio Calmariensis) was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by widowed Queen Margaret of Norway and Sweden.
Kanal 5 (Swedish TV channel)
Kanal 5 (Channel 5) is a Swedish television channel that was launched in 1989.
See Sweden and Kanal 5 (Swedish TV channel)
Karlshamn
Karlshamn is a locality and the seat of Karlshamn Municipality in Blekinge County, Sweden.
Karlskrona
Karlskrona is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with a population of 66,675 in 2018.
Kattegat
The Kattegat (Kattegatt) is a sea area bounded by the Jutlandic peninsula in the west, the Danish straits islands of Denmark and the Baltic Sea to the south and the provinces of Bohuslän, Västergötland, Halland and Skåne in Sweden in the east.
Kebnekaise
Kebnekaise (from Sami Giebmegáisi or Giebnegáisi, "Cauldron Crest") is the highest mountain in Sweden.
Kiel
Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021).
See Sweden and Kiel
Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,.
Kilowatt-hour
A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour.
Kindergarten
Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school.
Klaipėda
Klaipėda (Memel) is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast.
Klarälven
Klarälven ("The clear river" in Swedish) is a river flowing through Norway and Sweden.
Kristianstad
Kristianstad is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality, Scania County, Sweden with 40,145 inhabitants in 2016.
Kungssången
Kungssången (The King's Song) is the Swedish royal anthem.
Kvarken
Kvarken (Kvarken, Norra Kvarken (as opposed to South Kvarken)) is the narrow region of the Gulf of Bothnia separating the Bothnian Bay (the inner part of the gulf) from the Bothnian Sea.
Lake Ladoga
Lake Ladoga (Ladozhskoye ozero, or label,; Laatokka;; Ladog, Ladoganjärv) is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.
Lake Onega
Lake Onega (also known as Onego; Onezhskoe ozero,; Ääninen, Äänisjärvi; Livvi: Oniegujärvi; Änine, Änižjärv) is a lake in northwestern Russia, on the territory of the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast.
Lands of Sweden
The lands of Sweden (Sveriges landsdelar) are three traditional and historical regions of the country, each consisting of several provinces.
See Sweden and Lands of Sweden
Landskrona
Landskrona is a town in Scania, Sweden.
Language Council of Sweden
The Language Council of Sweden (Språkrådet) is the primary regulatory body for the advancement and cultivation of the Swedish language.
See Sweden and Language Council of Sweden
Larix decidua
Larix decidua, the European larch, is a species of larch native to the mountains of central Europe, in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains as well as the Pyrenees, with disjunct lowland populations in northern Poland and southern Lithuania.
Lars Magnus Ericsson
Lars Magnus Ericsson (5 May 1846 – 17 December 1926) was a Swedish inventor, entrepreneur and founder of telephone equipment manufacturer Ericsson (incorporated as Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson).
See Sweden and Lars Magnus Ericsson
Lasse Hallström
Lars Sven "Lasse" Hallström (born 2 June 1946) is a Swedish film director.
See Sweden and Lasse Hallström
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Latvia
Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Sweden and Latvia are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean and member states of the United Nations.
Law enforcement in Sweden
Law enforcement in Sweden is carried out by several government agencies, under the guidance of the Government of Sweden.
See Sweden and Law enforcement in Sweden
Left-wing politics
Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy as a whole or certain social hierarchies.
See Sweden and Left-wing politics
Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or 'thing' (less ambiguously, any legal entity) that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on.
Legatum Prosperity Index
The Legatum Prosperity Index is an annual ranking developed by the Legatum Institute, an independent educational charity founded and part-funded by the private investment firm Legatum.
See Sweden and Legatum Prosperity Index
Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city.
Letter of credence
A letter of credence (Lettre de créance) is a formal diplomatic letter that designates a diplomat as ambassador to another sovereign state.
See Sweden and Letter of credence
LGBT rights in Sweden
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Sweden are regarded as some of the most progressive in Europe and the world.
See Sweden and LGBT rights in Sweden
Liberals (Sweden)
The Liberals (Liberalerna, L), previously known as the Liberal People's Party (Folkpartiet liberalerna) until 22 November 2015, is a conservative liberal political party in Sweden.
See Sweden and Liberals (Sweden)
Library of Congress Country Studies
The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.
See Sweden and Library of Congress Country Studies
Life expectancy
Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.
See Sweden and Life expectancy
Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
Lingonberry jam
Lingonberry jam is a staple of Northern European cuisine and otherwise highly popular in Central and Eastern Europe.
See Sweden and Lingonberry jam
Linköping
Linköping is a city in southern Sweden, with around 165,000 inhabitants as of 2021.
Liquor
Liquor or distilled beverage is an alcoholic drink produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation.
List of Byzantine emperors
The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
See Sweden and List of Byzantine emperors
List of countries and territories by number of land borders
This list gives the number of distinct land borders of each country or territory, as well as the neighboring countries and territories.
See Sweden and List of countries and territories by number of land borders
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency.
See Sweden and List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List of deposed politicians
Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch.
See Sweden and List of deposed politicians
List of equestrian sports
Equestrian sports are sports that use horses as a main part of the sport.
See Sweden and List of equestrian sports
List of European countries by area
Below is a list of European countries and dependencies by area in Europe.
See Sweden and List of European countries by area
List of islands of Sweden
This is a list of islands of Sweden.
See Sweden and List of islands of Sweden
List of leaf vegetables
This is a list of vegetables which are grown or harvested primarily for the consumption of their leafy parts, either raw or cooked.
See Sweden and List of leaf vegetables
List of motorways in Sweden
Sweden has a fairly limited system of motorways (motorväg in Swedish).
See Sweden and List of motorways in Sweden
List of Polish monarchs
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries).
See Sweden and List of Polish monarchs
List of rivers of Sweden
This is a list of the rivers of Sweden.
See Sweden and List of rivers of Sweden
List of state visits made by Carl XVI Gustaf
Since acceding to the throne of Sweden in 1973, Carl XVI Gustaf has made a number of state and official visits.
See Sweden and List of state visits made by Carl XVI Gustaf
List of Sweden-related topics
This is a list of topics related to Sweden.
See Sweden and List of Sweden-related topics
List of Swedish monarchs
This list records the monarchs of Sweden, from the late Viking Age to the present day.
See Sweden and List of Swedish monarchs
List of universities and colleges in Sweden
This list of universities in Sweden is based on the Higher Education Ordinance of 1993 (as amended until January 2006).
See Sweden and List of universities and colleges in Sweden
Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. Sweden and Lithuania are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the European Union, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and OECD members.
Liturgical year
The liturgical year, also called the church year, Christian year, ecclesiastical calendar, or kalendar, consists of the cycle of liturgical days and seasons that determines when feast days, including celebrations of saints, are to be observed, and which portions of scripture are to be read.
See Sweden and Liturgical year
Livonia
Livonia or in earlier records Livland, is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.
Longship
Longships were a type of specialised Scandinavian warships that have a long history in Scandinavia, with their existence being archaeologically proven and documented from at least the fourth century BC.
Lonicera xylosteum
Lonicera xylosteum, commonly known as fly honeysuckle, European fly honeysuckle, dwarf honeysuckle or fly woodbine is a deciduous shrub.
See Sweden and Lonicera xylosteum
Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
The Lord High Chancellor (Rikskansler), literally Chancellor of the Realm, was a prominent and influential office in Sweden, from 1538 until 1799, excluding periods when the office was out of use.
See Sweden and Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
Low church
In Anglican Christianity, low church refers to those who give little emphasis to ritual, often having an emphasis on preaching, individual salvation and personal conversion.
Lukas Moodysson
Karl Fredrik Lukas Moodysson (born 17 January 1969) is a Swedish filmmaker, novelist, and short story writer.
See Sweden and Lukas Moodysson
Lund
Lund ((US) and) is a city in the southern Swedish province of Scania, across the Öresund strait from Copenhagen, Denmark.
See Sweden and Lund
Lund Cathedral
Lund Cathedral (Lunds domkyrka) is a cathedral of the Lutheran Church of Sweden in Lund, Scania, Sweden.
Lund University
Lund University (Lunds universitet) is a public research university in Sweden and one of Northern Europe's oldest universities.
See Sweden and Lund University
Lur
A lur, also lure or lurr, is a long natural blowing horn without finger holes that is played with a brass-type embouchure.
See Sweden and Lur
Lutefisk
Lutefisk (Norwegian, in Northern and parts of Central Norway, in Southern Norway; lutfisk; lipeäkala; literally "lye fish") is dried whitefish, usually cod, but sometimes ling or burbot, cured in lye.
Lutheran orthodoxy
Lutheran orthodoxy was an era in the history of Lutheranism, which began in 1580 from the writing of the Book of Concord and ended at the Age of Enlightenment.
See Sweden and Lutheran orthodoxy
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church ended the Middle Ages and, in 1517, launched the Reformation.
Magdalena Andersson
Eva Magdalena Andersson (born 23 January 1967) is a Swedish politician and economist who has been serving as Leader of the Opposition since October 2022 and Leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party since 2021.
See Sweden and Magdalena Andersson
Magnus Eriksson
Magnus Eriksson (April or May 1316 – 1 December 1374) was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII from 1319 to 1355, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360.
See Sweden and Magnus Eriksson
Malmö
Malmö (Malmö,; Malmø) is the largest city in the Swedish county (län) of Skåne (Scania).
See Sweden and Malmö
Maple
Acer is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples.
See Sweden and Maple
March Across the Belts
The March Across the Belts (Swedish: Tåget över Bält) was a military campaign waged by the Swedish Empire across the ice between the Danish islands.
See Sweden and March Across the Belts
Margaret I of Denmark
Margaret I (Margrete Valdemarsdatter; March 1353 – 28 October 1412) was Queen regnant of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (which included Finland) from the late 1380s until her death, and the founder of the Kalmar Union that joined the Scandinavian kingdoms together for over a century.
See Sweden and Margaret I of Denmark
Mariehamn
Mariehamn (Maarianhamina; Portus Mariae) is the capital of Åland, an autonomous territory under Finnish sovereignty.
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe.
Martin of Tours
Martin of Tours (Martinus Turonensis; 316/3368 November 397), also known as Martin the Merciful, was the third bishop of Tours.
See Sweden and Martin of Tours
Materiel
Materiel is supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.
Mauritz Stiller
Mauritz Stiller (born Moshe Stiller, 17 July 1883 – 18 November 1928) was a Finnish film director of Jewish origin, best known for discovering Greta Garbo and bringing her to America.
See Sweden and Mauritz Stiller
MAX IV Laboratory
MAX IV is a next-generation synchrotron radiation facility in Lund, Sweden.
See Sweden and MAX IV Laboratory
May 2013 Stockholm riots
On 19 May 2013, violent disturbances broke out in Husby, a suburb dominated by immigrants and second-generation immigrant residents, including a substantial number from Somalia, Eritrea, Afghanistan and Iraq, in northern Stockholm, Sweden.
See Sweden and May 2013 Stockholm riots
Mälaren
Mälaren, historically referred to as Lake Malar in English, is the third-largest freshwater lake in Sweden (after Vänern and Vättern).
Mälaren Valley
The Mälaren Valley (Mälardalen), occasionally referred to as Stockholm-Mälaren Region (Stockholm-mälarregionen), is the easternmost part of Svealand, the catchment area of Lake Mälaren and the surrounding municipalities.
Målilla
Målilla is a locality in Hultsfred Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 1,524 inhabitants in 2010.
Meänkieli
Meänkieli (literally 'our language') is a Finnic language or a group of distinct Finnish dialects spoken in the northernmost part of Sweden along the valley of the Torne River.
Metro International
Metro International is a Swedish media company based in Luxembourg that publishes the freesheet newspaper Metro. This newspaper is primarily intended for city commuters in business areas. The company was founded by Per Andersson and started as a subsidiary of the Modern Times Group along with Viasat Broadcasting.
See Sweden and Metro International
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Middle Dutch
Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch.
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Middle Low German
Middle Low German (Middelsassisk, label, label or label, italics, italics) is a developmental stage of Low German.
See Sweden and Middle Low German
Midnight sun
Midnight sun, also known as polar day, is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight.
Midsummer
Midsummer is a celebration of the season of summer, taking place on or near the date of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere; the longest day of the year.
Military service
Military service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, air forces, and naval forces, whether as a chosen job (volunteer) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription).
See Sweden and Military service
Million Programme
The Million Programme (Miljonprogrammet) was a large public housing program implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974 by the governing Swedish Social Democratic Party to ensure the availability of affordable, high-quality housing to all Swedish citizens.
See Sweden and Million Programme
Minister (government)
A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers.
See Sweden and Minister (government)
Ministerial governance
Ministerial rule (ministerstyre) is the informal term for when a public authority in Sweden — including the Riksdag, or a decision-making body of a municipality — tries to influence how an administrative authority (förvaltningsmyndighet) decides in a particular case relating to the exercise of public authority vis-à-vis an individual or a local authority, or the application of legislation.
See Sweden and Ministerial governance
Ministry of Defence (Sweden)
The Ministry of Defence (Försvarsdepartementet) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to national defence and civil defence.
See Sweden and Ministry of Defence (Sweden)
Mixed economy
A mixed economy is an economic system that accepts both private businesses and nationalized government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education.
Moderate Party
The Moderate Party (Moderata samlingspartiet,, M), commonly referred to as the Moderates (Moderaterna), is a liberal-conservative*.
Monarchy of Sweden
The monarchy of Sweden is centred on the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5. Sweden and monarchy of Sweden are kingdom of Sweden.
See Sweden and Monarchy of Sweden
Moravian Church
The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren (Moravská církev or Moravští bratři), formally the Unitas Fratrum (Latin: "Unity of the Brethren"), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the Unity of the Brethren (Jednota bratrská) founded in the Kingdom of Bohemia, sixty years before Martin Luther's Reformation.
See Sweden and Moravian Church
Multi-National Force – Iraq
The Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF–I), often referred to as the Coalition forces, was a military command during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and much of the ensuing Iraq War, led by the United States of America (Operation Iraqi Freedom), United Kingdom (Operation Telic), Australia, Italy (Operation Ancient Babylon), Spain and Poland, responsible for conducting and handling military operations.
See Sweden and Multi-National Force – Iraq
Municipal council (Sweden)
A municipal council (Kommunfullmäktige) is the decision-making body governing each of the 290 municipalities of Sweden.
See Sweden and Municipal council (Sweden)
Municipalities of Sweden
The municipalities of Sweden (Sveriges kommuner) are its lower-level local government entities.
See Sweden and Municipalities of Sweden
Music of Sweden
The music of Sweden shares roots with its neighbouring countries in Scandinavia, as well as Eastern Europe, including polka, schottische, waltz, polska and mazurka.
See Sweden and Music of Sweden
Mutual intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.
See Sweden and Mutual intelligibility
Name days in Sweden
This is the old Swedish name day calendar, sanctioned by the Swedish Academy in 1901, with official status until 1972.
See Sweden and Name days in Sweden
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
See Sweden and Napoleonic Wars
Nasdaq Commodities
NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe is a trade name of NASDAQ OMX Oslo ASA, the single financial energy market for Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland.
See Sweden and Nasdaq Commodities
National Day of Sweden
The National Day of Sweden (Sveriges nationaldag) is the national day of Sweden, observed annually as a public holiday on 6 June.
See Sweden and National Day of Sweden
National security
National security, or national defence (national defense in American English), is the security and defence of a sovereign state, including its citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government.
See Sweden and National security
National Task Force
The National Task Force (Nationella insatsstyrkan, NI), formerly known as the National Task Force of the Swedish Civilian Police (Ordningspolisens nationella insatsstyrka), is a police tactical unit within the National Operations Department of the Swedish Police Authority.
See Sweden and National Task Force
Nationalencyklopedin
("The National Encyclopedia" in English), abbreviated NE, is a comprehensive contemporary Swedish-language encyclopedia with several hundred thousand articles.
See Sweden and Nationalencyklopedin
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
See Sweden and NATO
Natural science
Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
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Nature Geoscience
Nature Geoscience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group.
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Nazi concentration camps
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (Konzentrationslager), including subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe.
See Sweden and Nazi concentration camps
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism, also neo-liberalism, is both a political philosophy and a term used to signify the late-20th-century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism.
Neutral country
A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).
See Sweden and Neutral country
New Democracy (Sweden)
New Democracy (Ny Demokrati, NyD) was a political party in Sweden.
See Sweden and New Democracy (Sweden)
New Statesman
The New Statesman (known from 1931 to 1964 as the New Statesman and Nation) is a British political and cultural news magazine published in London.
Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.,; 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American engineer, futurist, and inventor.
Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).
See Sweden and Nobel Prize in Literature
Nord Pool
Nord Pool AS is a pan-European power exchange.
Nordea
Nordea Bank Abp, commonly referred to as Nordea, is a Nordic financial services group operating in northern Europe with headquarters in Helsinki, Finland.
Nordic Council
The Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation among the Nordic countries.
Nordic countries
The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.
See Sweden and Nordic countries
Nordic energy market
Nordic electricity market is a common market for electricity in the Nordic countries.
See Sweden and Nordic energy market
Nordic model
The Nordic model comprises the economic and social policies as well as typical cultural practices common in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden).
Nordstjernan
Nordstjernan is a Swedish investment company.
Norrbotten County
Norrbotten County (Norrbottens län, Meänkieli/Norrbottenin lääni, Norrbottena leatna) is the northernmost county or län of Sweden.
See Sweden and Norrbotten County
Norrköping
Norrköping is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km east of county seat Linköping and 60 km west of the Södermanland capital of Nyköping.
Norrland
Norrland ("Northland", originally Norrlanden or "the Northlands") is the northernmost, largest and least populated of the three traditional lands of Sweden, consisting of nine provinces.
Norse mythology
Norse, Nordic, or Scandinavian mythology, is the body of myths belonging to the North Germanic peoples, stemming from Old Norse religion and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia, and into the Nordic folklore of the modern period.
See Sweden and Norse mythology
Norsemen
The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic linguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language.
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
North Germanic languages
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.
See Sweden and North Germanic languages
Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions.
See Sweden and Northern Europe
Norway
Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Sweden and Norway are countries in Europe, member states of NATO, member states of the United Nations, members of the Nordic Council, OECD members and Scandinavian countries.
Norway during the Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Russia and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721.
See Sweden and Norway during the Great Northern War
Norwegian cuisine
Norwegian cuisine in its traditional form is based largely on the raw materials readily available in Norway and its mountains, wilderness, and coast.
See Sweden and Norwegian cuisine
Novgorod Land
Novgorodian Land (Новгородская земля) was one of the largest historical territorial–state formations in Russia, covering its northwest and north.
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity.
Nyköping
Nyköping is a locality and the seat of Nyköping Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden, with 32,759 inhabitants as of 2017.
Oak
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.
See Sweden and Oak
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
See Sweden and Oceanic climate
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
See Sweden and OECD
Official minority languages of Sweden
In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of Sweden formally declared five official minority languages: Finnish, Sámi languages, Romani, Yiddish, and Meänkieli (Tornedal Finnish).
See Sweden and Official minority languages of Sweden
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
Old Norse religion
Old Norse religion, also known as Norse paganism, is a branch of Germanic religion which developed during the Proto-Norse period, when the North Germanic peoples separated into a distinct branch of the Germanic peoples.
See Sweden and Old Norse religion
Old Swedish
Old Swedish (Modern Swedish: fornsvenska) is the name for two distinct stages of the Swedish language that were spoken in the Middle Ages: Early Old Swedish (Klassisk fornsvenska), spoken from about 1225 until about 1375, and Late Old Swedish (Yngre fornsvenska), spoken from about 1375 until about 1526.
Olof Skötkonung
Olof Skötkonung, (Óláfr skautkonungr; –1022) sometimes stylized as Olaf the Swede, was King of Sweden, son of Eric the Victorious and, according to Icelandic sources, Sigrid the Haughty.
See Sweden and Olof Skötkonung
Omeprazole
Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.
Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports that involve using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain whilst moving at speed.
Orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word boundaries, emphasis, and punctuation.
Oskarshamn
Oskarshamn is a coastal city and the seat of Oskarshamn Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 17,258 inhabitants in 2010.
Oslofjord
The Oslofjord (Oslo Fjord) is an inlet in southeastern Norway.
Outline of Sweden
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sweden: Sweden – Scandinavian country in Northern Europe, situated between Norway and Finland.
See Sweden and Outline of Sweden
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Sweden and Oxford University Press
Paganism
Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism.
Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.
Pancake
A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter, and then cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan.
Parishes of the Church of Sweden
The Parishes of the Church of Sweden (Svenska kyrkans församlingar) are subdivisions within the Church of Sweden that historically were called socken but nowadays are called församling.
See Sweden and Parishes of the Church of Sweden
Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
See Sweden and Parliamentary system
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote.
See Sweden and Party-list proportional representation
Payroll tax
Payroll taxes are taxes imposed on employers or employees, and are usually calculated as a percentage of the salaries that employers pay their employees.
Pär Lagerkvist
Pär Fabian Lagerkvist (23 May 1891 – 11 July 1974) was a Swedish author who received the 1951 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Peace
Peace means societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence.
See Sweden and Peace
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (Westfälischer Friede) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster.
See Sweden and Peace of Westphalia
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping comprises activities, especially military ones, intended to create conditions that favor lasting peace.
Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants.
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter.
See Sweden and Peat
Personal union
A personal union is a combination of two or more monarchical states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct.
Peter the Great
Peter I (–), was Tsar of all Russia from 1682, and the first Emperor of all Russia, known as Peter the Great, from 1721 until his death in 1725.
See Sweden and Peter the Great
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.
See Sweden and Pine
Pippi Longstocking
Pippi Longstocking (Pippi Långstrump) is the fictional main character in an eponymous series of children's books by Swedish author Astrid Lindgren.
See Sweden and Pippi Longstocking
Pirate Party (Sweden)
The Pirate Party (Piratpartiet) is a political party in Sweden founded in 2006.
See Sweden and Pirate Party (Sweden)
Pirate radio
A pirate radio station is a radio station that broadcasts without a valid license.
Polar night
Polar night is a phenomenon in the northernmost and southernmost regions of Earth where night lasts for more than 24 hours.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the First Polish Republic, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
See Sweden and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish–Swedish union
The Polish–Swedish union was a short-lived personal union between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Sweden between 1592 and 1599.
See Sweden and Polish–Swedish union
Populus tremula
Populus tremula (commonly called aspen, common aspen, Eurasian aspen, European aspen, or quaking aspen) is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of the Old World.
See Sweden and Populus tremula
Port of Gothenburg
The municipally-owned Port of Gothenburg (Göteborgs hamn) is the largest port in the Nordic countries, with over 11,000 ship visits per year from over 140 destinations worldwide.
See Sweden and Port of Gothenburg
Precedent
Precedent is a principle or rule established in a legal case that becomes authoritative to a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar legal issues or facts.
Precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull.
Preem
Preem is a Swedish petroleum and bio-fuel company (even referred to as a petroleum corporation) with approximately 570 petrol stations and two oil refineries in Sweden, Preemraff Göteborg in Gothenburg and Preemraff Lysekil outside of Lysekil.
See Sweden and Preem
Prehistoric Sweden
Human habitation of present-day Sweden began.
See Sweden and Prehistoric Sweden
Prime Minister of Sweden
The prime minister of Sweden (statsminister literally translates as "minister of state") is the head of government of the Kingdom of Sweden.
See Sweden and Prime Minister of Sweden
Private sector
The private sector is the part of the economy which is owned by private groups, usually as a means of establishment for profit or non profit, rather than being owned by the government.
Privatization
Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector.
Privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government.
Programme for International Student Assessment
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and reading.
See Sweden and Programme for International Student Assessment
Progressive tax
A progressive tax is a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.
See Sweden and Progressive tax
Proportional representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body.
See Sweden and Proportional representation
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
See Sweden and Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Norse language
Proto-Norse (also called Ancient Nordic, Ancient Scandinavian, Ancient Norse, Primitive Norse, Proto-Nordic, Proto-Scandinavian and Proto-North Germanic) was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic in the first centuries CE.
See Sweden and Proto-Norse language
Provinces of Sweden
The 25 provinces of Sweden (Sveriges landskap) are historical, geographical and cultural regions.
See Sweden and Provinces of Sweden
Prunus avium
Prunus avium, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry or gean is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae.
Prunus padus
Prunus padus, known as bird cherry, hackberry, hagberry, or Mayday tree, is a flowering plant in the rose family.
Prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa, called blackthorn or sloe, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae.
Publicly funded health care
Publicly funded healthcare is a form of health care financing designed to meet the cost of all or most healthcare needs from a publicly managed fund.
See Sweden and Publicly funded health care
Pyttipanna
Pyttipanna (Swedish), pyttipanne (Norwegian), pyttipannu (Finnish) or biksemad (Danish), is a culinary dish consisting of chopped meat, potatoes and onions fried in a pan, similar to a hash, and popular in Scandinavia.
Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".
See Sweden and Quality of life
Rain shadow
A rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds, known as its leeward side.
Raoul Wallenberg
Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg (4 August 1912 – disappeared 17 January 1945)He is presumed to have died in 1947, although the circumstances of his death are not clear and this date has been disputed.
See Sweden and Raoul Wallenberg
Rök runestone
The Rök runestone (Rökstenen; Ög 136) is one of the most famous runestones, featuring the longest known runic inscription in stone.
Red Guards (Finland)
The Red Guards (Punakaarti,; Röda gardet) were the paramilitary units of the labour movement in Finland during the early 1900s.
See Sweden and Red Guards (Finland)
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Reformed Christianity
Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.
See Sweden and Reformed Christianity
Refresher training (military)
Refresher training is a form of updating military knowledge of the reservist troops.
See Sweden and Refresher training (military)
Regions of Sweden
A region (region) is a self-governing local authority of Sweden.
See Sweden and Regions of Sweden
Regnal name
A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically.
Reindeer
The reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America.
Renewable energy
Renewable energy (or green energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale.
See Sweden and Renewable energy
Rescue of the Danish Jews
The Danish resistance movement, with the assistance of many Danish citizens, managed to evacuate 7,220 of Denmark's 7,800 Jews, plus 686 non-Jewish spouses, by sea to nearby neutral Sweden during the Second World War.
See Sweden and Rescue of the Danish Jews
Research and development
Research and development (R&D or R+D; also known in Europe as research and technological development or RTD) is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products and carrier science computer marketplace e-commerce, copy center and service maintenance troubleshooting software, hardware improving existing ones.
See Sweden and Research and development
Riga
Riga is the capital, the primate, and the largest city of Latvia, as well as one of the most populous cities in the Baltic States.
See Sweden and Riga
Riksdag
The Riksdag (also riksdagen or Sveriges riksdag) is the legislature and the supreme decision-making body of the Kingdom of Sweden.
Riksdag of the Estates
Riksdag of the Estates (Riksens ständer; informally ståndsriksdagen) was the name used for the Estates of Sweden when they were assembled.
See Sweden and Riksdag of the Estates
Rococo
Rococo, less commonly Roccoco, also known as Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and dramatic style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, and trompe-l'œil frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of motion and drama.
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Sweden and Romanesque architecture
Romani language
Romani (also Romany, Romanes, Roma; rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities.
See Sweden and Romani language
Romani people
The Romani, also spelled Romany or Rromani and colloquially known as the Roma (Rom), are an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin who traditionally lived a nomadic, itinerant lifestyle.
Rosamond McKitterick
Rosamond Deborah McKitterick (born 31 May 1949) is an English medieval historian.
See Sweden and Rosamond McKitterick
Roslagen
Roslagen is the name of the coastal areas of Uppland province in Sweden, which also constitutes the northern part of the Stockholm archipelago.
Rostock
Rostock (Polabian: Roztoc), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock), is the largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania.
Route from the Varangians to the Greeks
The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks was a medieval trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus' and the Eastern Roman Empire.
See Sweden and Route from the Varangians to the Greeks
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Royal Court of Sweden
The Royal Court (Kungliga Hovstaterna) is the official name for the organisation (royal households) that supports the monarch and the royal house.
See Sweden and Royal Court of Sweden
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the royal academies of Sweden.
See Sweden and Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Ruben Östlund
Ruben Östlund (born 13 April 1974) is a Swedish filmmaker best known for his black comedic and satirical films Force Majeure (2014), The Square (2017) and Triangle of Sadness (2022).
Rune
A rune is a letter in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets native to the Germanic peoples.
See Sweden and Rune
Runestone
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock.
Rus' people
The Rus, also known as Russes, were a people in early medieval Eastern Europe.
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
Saint Erik
Saint Erik (Erik den helige; Sankt Erik), also called Erik Jedvardsson, Eric IX, Eric the Holy, Saint Eric, and Eric the Lawgiver, was a Swedish king in the 12th century, 1156–1160.
Saint Lucy
Lucia of Syracuse (283–304AD), also called Saint Lucia (Sancta Lucia) (and better known as Saint Lucy) was a Roman Christian martyr who died during the Diocletianic Persecution.
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.
See Sweden and Saint Petersburg
Salix caprea
Salix caprea, known as goat willow, pussy willow or great sallow, is a common species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia.
Salt
In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl).
See Sweden and Salt
Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe.
Same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same legal sex.
See Sweden and Same-sex marriage
Sandvik
Sandvik AB is a Swedish multinational engineering company specializing in products and services for mining, rock excavation, rock drilling, rock processing (crushing and screening), metal cutting and machining.
Sassnitz
Sassnitz (before 1993 in Saßnitz) is a town on the Jasmund peninsula, Rügen Island, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Sámi languages
Sámi languages, in English also rendered as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia).
Sámi peoples
The Sámi (also spelled Sami or Saami) are the traditionally Sámi-speaking Indigenous peoples inhabiting the region of Sápmi, which today encompasses large northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and of the Kola Peninsula in Russia.
Sámi shamanism
Traditional Sámi spiritual practices and beliefs are based on a type of animism, polytheism, and what anthropologists may consider shamanism.
SCA (company)
Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget SCA is a Swedish timber, pulp and paper manufacturer with headquarters in Sundsvall.
Scandinavian Mountains
The Scandinavian Mountains or the Scandes is a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula.
See Sweden and Scandinavian Mountains
Scandinavian Peninsula
The Scandinavian Peninsula is located in Northern Europe, and roughly comprises the mainlands of Sweden, Norway and the northwestern area of Finland.
See Sweden and Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandosorbus intermedia
Scandosorbus intermedia or, formerly, Sorbus intermedia, the Swedish whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam found in southern Sweden, with scattered occurrences in Estonia, Latvia, easternmost Denmark (Bornholm), the far southwest of Finland, and northern Poland.
See Sweden and Scandosorbus intermedia
Scandza
Scandza was described as a "great island" by Gothic-Byzantine historian Jordanes in his work Getica.
Scania
Scania, also known by its native name of Skåne, is the southernmost of the historical provinces (landskap) of Sweden.
Scania AB
Scania AB, stylised SCANIA in its products, is a major Swedish manufacturer headquartered in Södertälje, focusing on commercial vehicles—specifically heavy lorries, trucks and buses.
Scanian dialect
Scanian (skånska; skånsk) is an East Scandinavian language spoken in the province of Scania in southern Sweden.
See Sweden and Scanian dialect
Schengen Area
The Schengen Area is an area encompassing European countries that have officially abolished border controls at their mutual borders.
School voucher
A school voucher, also called an education voucher in a voucher system, is a certificate of government funding for students at schools chosen by themselves or their parents.
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
See Sweden and Scientific Revolution
Scorched earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy of destroying everything that allows an enemy military force to be able to fight a war, including the deprivation and destruction of water, food, humans, animals, plants and any kind of tools and infrastructure.
Sea of Åland
The Åland Sea (or the Sea of Åland; Ålands hav, Ahvenanmeri) is a waterway in the southern Gulf of Bothnia, between Åland and Sweden.
Second Swedish Crusade
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia as described by the Erikskrönikan.
See Sweden and Second Swedish Crusade
Secularism
Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.
Secularization
In sociology, secularization (secularisation) is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism, irreligion, nor are they automatically antithetical to religion.
Securitas AB
Securitas AB is Swedish group devoted to security services, such as security guarding and mobile patrolling, monitoring, investigation and related consulting services.
Security policy
Security policy is a definition of what it means to be secure for a system, organization or other entity.
See Sweden and Security policy
Self-concept
In the psychology of self, one's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about oneself.
Selma Lagerlöf
Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Swedish writer.
Separation of church and state
The separation of church and state is a philosophical and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the state.
See Sweden and Separation of church and state
Serfdom
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems.
Serkland
In Old Norse sources, such as sagas and runestones, Serkland (also Særkland, Srklant, Sirklant, Serklat, etc.) was the "land of the Serkir", usually identified with the Saracens.
Sexual revolution
The sexual revolution, also known as the sexual liberation, was a social movement that challenged traditional codes of behavior related to sexuality and interpersonal relationships throughout the developed Western world from the 1960s to the 1970s.
See Sweden and Sexual revolution
Show Me Love (film)
Show Me Love (Fucking Åmål) is a 1998 Swedish romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Lukas Moodysson in his feature-length directorial debut.
See Sweden and Show Me Love (film)
Siege of Fredriksten
The siege of Fredriksten (Beleiringen av Fredriksten festning) was an attack on the Norwegian fortress of Fredriksten in the city of Fredrikshald (now Halden) by King Charles XII of Sweden.
See Sweden and Siege of Fredriksten
Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to 1599.
See Sweden and Sigismund III Vasa
Sigtuna
Sigtuna is a locality situated in the eponymous Sigtuna Municipality, in Stockholm County, Sweden with 9,689 inhabitants in 2020.
SJ AB
SJ (formally SJ AB) is a state-owned passenger train operator in Sweden.
See Sweden and SJ AB
Skagerrak
The Skagerrak is a strait running between the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, the east coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea.
Skanska
Skanska AB is a multinational construction and development company based in Sweden.
Skara Cathedral
Skara Cathedral (Skara domkyrka) is a church in the town of Skara, Sweden.
See Sweden and Skara Cathedral
Skåneland
Skåneland (Swedish and Danish) or Skånelandene (Danish) is a region on the southern Scandinavian peninsula.
SKF
AB SKF (Svenska Kullagerfabriken, 'Swedish Ball Bearing Factory') is a Swedish bearing and seal manufacturing company founded in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1907.
See Sweden and SKF
Skiing
Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow for basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport.
Slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.
Småland
Småland is a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden.
Smorgasbord
Smörgåsbord (directly translates to "sandwich-table") is a buffet-style meal of Swedish origin.
Snaps
In Denmark and Sweden, snaps is a small shot of a strong alcoholic beverage taken during the course of a meal.
See Sweden and Snaps
Solstice
A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere.
Sony Mobile
Sony Mobile Communications Inc. (ソニーモバイルコミュニケーションズ株式会社) was a multinational telecommunications company founded on October 1, 2001, as a joint venture between Sony Corporation and Ericsson.
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia, commonly called rowan (also) and mountain-ash, is a species of deciduous tree or shrub in the rose family.
See Sweden and Sorbus aucuparia
Speaker of the Riksdag
The speaker of the Riksdag (Riksdagens talman) is the presiding officer of the national unicameral legislature in Sweden.
See Sweden and Speaker of the Riksdag
Spruce
A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.
Standard of living
Standard of living is the level of income, comforts and services available to an individual, community or society.
See Sweden and Standard of living
Staraya Ladoga
Staraya Ladoga (t), known as Ladoga until 1704, is a rural locality (a selo) in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near Lake Ladoga, north of the town of Volkhov, the administrative center of the district.
Stary Targ
Stary Targ (Altmark in Westpreußen) (literally "Old Market") is a village in Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
State religion
A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.
Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån; SCB) is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research.
See Sweden and Statistics Sweden
Stieg Larsson
Karl Stig-Erland "Stieg" Larsson (15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004) was a Swedish writer, journalist, and activist.
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in the Nordic countries.
Stockholm Arlanda Airport
Stockholm Arlanda Airport is the main international airport serving Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.
See Sweden and Stockholm Arlanda Airport
Stockholm Bloodbath
The Stockholm Bloodbath (Stockholms blodbad; Det Stockholmske Blodbad) was a trial that led to a series of executions in Stockholm between 7 and 9 November 1520.
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Stockholm Exhibition (1930)
The Stockholm Exhibition (in Swedish, Stockholmsutställningen) was an exhibition held in 1930 in Stockholm, Sweden, that had a great impact on the architectural styles known as Functionalism and International Style.
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Stockholm Metro
The Stockholm Metro (Stockholms tunnelbana) is a rapid transit system in Stockholm, Sweden.
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Stockholm Skavsta Airport
Stockholm Skavsta Airport (Stockholm Skavsta flygplats), or Nyköping Airport is an international airport near Nyköping, Sweden, northwest of its urban area and approximately southwest of Stockholm.
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Stockholm University
Stockholm University (Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960.
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Stora Drammen
Stora Drammen is an uninhabited skerry situated northwest of the Bohuslän province of Götaland, Sweden.
Strömstad
Strömstad is a locality and the seat of Strömstad Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 6,288 inhabitants in 2010.
Sture
Sture was a name borne by three distinct but interrelated noble families in Sweden in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period.
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Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers.
See Sweden and Subarctic climate
Subtitles
Subtitles are texts representing the contents of the audio in a film, television show, opera or other audiovisual media.
Sun valve
A sun valve (Swedish: solventil, "solar valve") is a flow control valve that automatically shuts off gas flow during daylight.
Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces
The Supreme Commander (överbefälhavaren; acronym: ÖB) is the highest ranked professional military officer in the Swedish Armed Forces, and is by NATO terminology the Swedish chief of defence equivalent.
See Sweden and Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces
Supreme Court of Sweden
The Supreme Court of Sweden (Högsta domstolen, HD) is the supreme court and the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in the Kingdom of Sweden.
See Sweden and Supreme Court of Sweden
Surströmming
i (sour herring) is lightly salted, fermented Baltic Sea herring traditional to Swedish cuisine since at least the 16th century.
Svartsoppa
Svartsoppa ("black soup") is a soup consumed traditionally and mostly in the province of Skåne in southern Sweden.
Svenska Dagbladet
("The Swedish Daily News"), abbreviated SvD, is a daily newspaper published in Stockholm, Sweden.
See Sweden and Svenska Dagbladet
Sveriges Radio
Sveriges Radio AB ("Sweden's Radio") is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster.
Sveriges Riksbank
Sveriges Riksbank, or simply the Riksbank, is the central bank of Sweden.
See Sweden and Sveriges Riksbank
Sveriges Television
Sveriges Television AB ("Sweden's Television Stock Company"), shortened to SVT, is the Swedish national public television broadcaster, funded by a public service tax on personal income set by the Riksdag (national parliament).
See Sweden and Sveriges Television
SVT2
SVT2 (SVT Två; commonly referred to as Tvåan), is one of the two main television channels broadcast by Sveriges Television in Sweden.
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SWAT
In the United States, a SWAT (special weapons and tactics) team is a generic term for a police tactical unit.
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Sweden Democrats
The Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna, SD) is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in Sweden founded in 1988.
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Sweden Finns
Sweden Finns (ruotsinsuomalaiset; sverigefinnar) are a Finnish-speaking national minority in Sweden.
Sweden men's national football team
The Sweden men's national football team (Sveriges herrlandslag i fotboll) represents Sweden in men's international football and it is controlled by the Swedish Football Association, the governing body of football in Sweden.
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Sweden men's national ice hockey team
The Sweden men's national ice hockey team (Sveriges herrlandslag i ishockey) is governed by the Swedish Ice Hockey Association.
See Sweden and Sweden men's national ice hockey team
Swedes
Swedes (svenskar) are an ethnic group native to Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, in particular Finland where they are an officially recognized minority, with Swedish being one of the official languages of the country, and with a substantial diaspora in other countries, especially the United States.
Swedes (tribe)
The Swedes (svear; Old Norse: svíar; probably from the PIE reflexive pronominal root *s(w)e, "one's own ";Bandle, Oskar. 2002. The Nordic languages: an international handbook of the history of the North Germanic languages. 2002. P.391 Swēon) were a North Germanic tribe who inhabited Svealand ("land of the Swedes") in central Sweden and one of the progenitor groups of modern Swedes, along with Geats and Gutes.
Swedish Act of Succession
The 1810 Act of Succession (lit) is one of four Fundamental Laws of the Realm (rikets grundlagar) and thus forms part of the Swedish Constitution.
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Swedish Air Force
The Swedish Air Force (Svenska flygvapnet or just Flygvapnet) is the air force branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.
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Swedish Armed Forces
The Swedish Armed Forces (help|lit.
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Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces.
Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations
The Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations (Sveriges Akademikers Centralorganisation, Saco) is a confederation of 21 independent professional associations in Sweden.
See Sweden and Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations
Swedish East India Company
The Swedish East India Company (Svenska Ostindiska Companiet or SOIC) was founded in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1731 for the purpose of conducting trade with India, China and the Far East.
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Swedish emigration to the United States
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, about 1.3 million Swedes left Sweden for the United States of America.
See Sweden and Swedish emigration to the United States
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire (stormaktstiden, "the Era as a Great Power") was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region.
Swedish Inheritance Fund
The Swedish Inheritance Fund (Allmänna arvsfonden) is a Swedish State fund, established in 1928 when the Riksdag decided to abolish the right of inheritance for cousins and more distant relatives.
See Sweden and Swedish Inheritance Fund
Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)
The Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706), also known as Charles XII's invasion of Poland or the Polish front of the Great Northern War, was a conflict in eastern Europe overshadowed by the ongoing Great Northern War fought between the Swedish Empire against the Russian Empire, Denmark-Norway, Saxony and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
See Sweden and Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)
Swedish invasion of Russia
The invasion of Russia by Charles XII of Sweden was a campaign undertaken during the Great Northern War between Sweden and the allied states of Russia, Poland, and Denmark.
See Sweden and Swedish invasion of Russia
Swedish krona
The krona (plural: kronor; sign: kr; code: SEK) is the currency of the Kingdom of Sweden.
Swedish language
Swedish (svenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland.
See Sweden and Swedish language
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut, SMHI) is a Swedish government agency and operates under the Ministry of the Environment.
See Sweden and Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
Swedish National Courts Administration
The Swedish National Courts Administration (SNCA) (Domstolsverket) is a Swedish administrative authority organized under the Ministry of Justice for administration of courts.
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Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.
Swedish nobility
The Swedish nobility (Swedish: Adeln or Ridderskapet och Adeln, Knighthood and Nobility) has historically been a legally and/or socially privileged class in Sweden, and part of the so-called frälse (a derivation from Old Swedish meaning free neck).
See Sweden and Swedish nobility
Swedish Pomerania
Swedish Pomerania (Svenska Pommern; Schwedisch-Pommern) was a dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815 on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland.
See Sweden and Swedish Pomerania
Swedish Security Service
The Swedish Security Service (Säkerhetspolisen, abbreviated SÄPO; until 1989 Rikspolisstyrelsens säkerhetsavdelning, abbreviated RPS/Säk) is a Swedish government agency organized under the Ministry of Justice.
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Swedish Sign Language
Swedish Sign Language (SSL) is the sign language used in Sweden.
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Swedish Social Democratic Party
The Swedish Social Democratic Party, formally the Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party (Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti, S or SAP), usually referred to as The Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterna), is a social democratic political party in Sweden.
See Sweden and Swedish Social Democratic Party
Swedish Trade Union Confederation
The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen i Sverige; literally "The National Organisation in Sweden"), commonly referred to as LO, is a national trade union centre, an umbrella organisation for fourteen Swedish trade unions that organise mainly "blue-collar" workers.
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Swedish Transport Administration
The Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) is a government agency in Sweden, controlled by the Riksdag and the Government of Sweden.
See Sweden and Swedish Transport Administration
Swedish–Geatish wars
The Swedish–Geatish wars refer to semi-legendary 6th-century battles between Swedes and Geats that are described in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf.
See Sweden and Swedish–Geatish wars
Swedish–Norwegian War
The Swedish–Norwegian War, also known as the Campaign against Norway (Fälttåget mot Norge), War with Sweden 1814 (Krigen med Sverige 1814), also called the War of Cats or the Norwegian War of Independence, was a war fought between Sweden and Norway in the summer of 1814.
See Sweden and Swedish–Norwegian War
Sydsvenskan
Sydsvenska Dagbladet Snällposten, generally known simply as Sydsvenskan (The South Swedish), is a daily newspaper published in Scania in Sweden.
Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet.
See Sweden and Tabloid (newspaper format)
Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (–), was a Roman historian and politician.
Taiga
Taiga (p), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches.
See Sweden and Taiga
Tax wedge
The tax wedge is the deviation from the equilibrium price and quantity (P^* and Q^*, respectively) as a result of the taxation of a good.
Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata is a species of evergreen tree in the family Taxaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe, as well as Northwest Africa, northern Iran, and Southwest Asia.
Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour.
Telia Company
Telia Company AB is a Swedish multinational telecommunications company and mobile network operator present in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Temperance movement
The temperance movement is a social movement promoting temperance or complete abstinence from consumption of alcoholic beverages.
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Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Sweden and Temperate climate
Temple at Uppsala
The Temple at Uppsala was a religious center in the ancient Norse religion once located at what is now Gamla Uppsala (Swedish "Old Uppsala"), Sweden attested in Adam of Bremen's 11th-century work Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum and in Heimskringla, written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century.
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Tertiary education
Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education.
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Tertiary sector of the economy
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle).
See Sweden and Tertiary sector of the economy
Tetra Pak
Tetra Pak is a Swedish multinational food packaging and processing company headquartered in Switzerland.
Textile
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc.
The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
See Sweden and The Independent
The Local
The Local is a multi-regional, European, English-language digital news publisher with local editions in Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Theophilos (emperor)
Theophilos (Theóphilos; Theophilus, c. 812 20 January 842) was the Byzantine Emperor from 829 until his death in 842.
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Third Swedish Crusade
The Third Swedish Crusade to Finland was a Swedish military expedition against the pagan Karelians from 1293 to 1295 in which the Swedes successfully expanded their borders eastwards and gained further control of their lands in Finland.
See Sweden and Third Swedish Crusade
Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.
See Sweden and Thirty Years' War
Thrall
A thrall was a slave or serf in Scandinavian lands during the Viking Age.
Three Crowns
Three Crowns (tre kronor) is the national emblem of Sweden, present in the coat of arms of Sweden, and composed of three yellow or gilded coronets ordered two above and one below, placed on a blue background.
Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (commonly abbreviated as TMI) is a closed nuclear power plant on Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania on the Susquehanna River just south of Harrisburg.
See Sweden and Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
Thuringii
The Thuringii, or Thuringians were a Germanic people who lived in the kingdom of the Thuringians that appeared during the late Migration Period south of the Harz Mountains of central Germania, a region still known today as Thuringia.
Tilia
Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
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Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
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Tornedalians
Tornedalians (tornionlaaksolaiset; tornionjokilaaksolaiset; tornedalingar) are a linguistic minority native to the Torne Valley (Meänmaa) region in northern Sweden and Finland.
Torstenson War
The Torstenson War was fought between Sweden and Denmark–Norway from 1643 to 1645.
Track and field
Athletics (or track and field in the United States) is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills.
See Sweden and Track and field
Travemünde
Travemünde is a borough of Lübeck, Germany, located at the mouth of the river Trave in Lübeck Bay.
Trøndelag
Trøndelag (or is a county and coextensive with the Trøndelag region (also known as Midt-Norge or Midt-Noreg, "Mid-Norway") in the central part of Norway. It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County (Trondhjems Amt); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmark-Norway, and the counties were reunited in 2018 after a vote of the two counties in 2016.
Treaty of Kiel
The Treaty of Kiel (Kieltraktaten) or Peace of Kiel (Swedish and Kielfreden or freden i Kiel) was concluded between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Sweden on one side and the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway on the other side on 14 January 1814 in Kiel.
Treaty of Nystad
The Treaty of Nystad (Ништадтский мир; Uudenkaupungin rauha; Freden i Nystad; Uusikaupunki rahu) was the last peace treaty of the Great Northern War of 1700–1721.
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Treaty of Roskilde
The Treaty of Roskilde was negotiated at Høje Taastrup Church and signed (concluded on 26 February (OS), or 8 March 1658) (NS) during the Second Northern War between Frederick III of Denmark–Norway and Karl X Gustav of Sweden in the Danish city of Roskilde.
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Truce of Altmark
The six-year Truce of Altmark (or Treaty of Stary Targ, Rozejm w Altmarku, Stillståndet i Altmark) was signed on 16 (O.S.)/26 (N.S.) September 1629 in the village of Altmark (Stary Targ), in Poland,by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, with helped by Richelieu's envoy Charnacé ending the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)，and freeing Gustavus to enter the Thirty Years' War.
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Turku
Turku (Åbo) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland.
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TV3 (Swedish TV channel)
TV3 (TV tre) is a Swedish pay television channel owned by Viaplay Group.
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TV4 (Swedish TV channel)
TV4 (TV fyra) is a Swedish free-to-air television network owned by TV4 AB, a subsidiary of the TV4 Media AB.
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UEFA Euro 1992
The 1992 UEFA European Football Championship was hosted by Sweden between 10 and 26 June 1992.
UEFA Women's Euro 2013
The 2013 UEFA Women's Championship, commonly referred to as Women's Euro 2013, was the 11th European Championship for women's national football teams organised by UEFA.
See Sweden and UEFA Women's Euro 2013
Ulf Kristersson
Ulf Hjalmar Kristersson (born 29 December 1963) is a Swedish politician who has been serving as Prime Minister of Sweden since 2022.
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Umeå
Umeå (locally; South Westrobothnian:; Uumaja; Ubmeje; Upmeje; Ubmi) is a city in northeast Sweden.
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Umeå University
Umeå University (Umeå universitet; Ume Sami: Ubmeje universitiähta) is a public research university located in Umeå, in the mid-northern region of Sweden.
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Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.
Union between Sweden and Norway
Sweden and Norway or Sweden–Norway (Svensk-norska unionen; Den svensk-norske union(en)), officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and known as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its peaceful dissolution in 1905.
See Sweden and Union between Sweden and Norway
Unitary state
A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
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United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe
The United Nations Regional Information Centre (UNRIC) is one of 63 United Nations Information Centres (UNICs) around the world.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973
Resolution 1973 was adopted by the United Nations Security Council on 17 March 2011 in response to the First Libyan Civil War.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
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United States Patent and Trademark Office
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that serves as the national patent office and trademark registration authority for the United States.
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Universal health care
Universal health care (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care.
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University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Göteborgs universitet) is a university in Sweden's second largest city, Gothenburg.
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University of Minnesota Press
The University of Minnesota Press is a university press that is part of the University of Minnesota.
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University of Oslo
The University of Oslo (Universitetet i Oslo; Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway.
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Uppland
Uppland is a historical province or on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital.
Uppsala Cathedral
Uppsala Cathedral (help) is a cathedral located between the University Hall of Uppsala University and the Fyris river in the centre of Uppsala, Sweden.
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Uppsala Synod
The Uppsala Synod in 1593 was the most important synod of the Lutheran Church of Sweden.
Uppsala University
Uppsala University (UU) (Uppsala universitet) is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden.
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Vaasa
Vaasa (Vasa,, Sweden), in the years 1855–1917 as Nikolainkaupunki, (Nikolajstad; – Kaleva (in Finnish)) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Ostrobothnia.
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Vadstena
Vadstena is a locality and the seat of Vadstena Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden, with 5,613 inhabitants in 2010.
Varangian Guard
The Varangian Guard (translit-std) was an elite unit of the Byzantine army from the tenth to the fourteenth century who served as personal bodyguards to the Byzantine emperors.
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Varangian runestones
The Varangian Runestones are runestones in Scandinavia that mention voyages to the East or the Eastern route, or to more specific eastern locations such as Garðaríki in Eastern Europe.
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Varberg
Varberg is a locality and the seat of Varberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 35,782 inhabitants in 2019.
Vattenfall
Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational power company owned by the Swedish state.
Vänern
Vänern is the largest lake in Sweden, the largest lake in the European Union and the third-largest lake in Europe after Ladoga and Onega in Russia.
Västergötland
Västergötland, also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature, is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish), situated in the southwest of Sweden.
Vättern
Vättern is the second-largest lake by surface area in Sweden, after Vänern, and the sixth-largest lake in Europe.
Ven (Sweden)
Ven (older Swedish spelling Hven), is a Swedish island in the Öresund strait laying between Skåne, Sweden and Zealand, Denmark.
Veolia Transport
Veolia Transport (formerly Connex and CGEA Transport) was the international transport services division of the French-based multinational company Veolia until the 2011 merger that gave rise to Veolia Transdev, later renamed Transdev.
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Verner von Heidenstam
Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam (6 July 1859 – 20 May 1940) was a Swedish poet, novelist and laureate of the 1916 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Victor Sjöström
Victor David Sjöström (20 September 1879 – 3 January 1960), also known in the United States as Victor Seastrom, was a pioneering Swedish film director, screenwriter, and actor.
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Viking Age
The Viking Age (about) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonising, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America.
Vikings
Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.
Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve
The Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve (Vindelfjällens naturreservat) is a nature reserve located in the municipalities of Sorsele and Storuman in Västerbotten County of Swedish Lapland.
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Visby
Visby is an urban area in Sweden and the seat of Gotland Municipality in Gotland County on the island of Gotland with 24,330 inhabitants.
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Visby City Wall
Visby City Wall (Visby ringmur, "Visby Ring Wall", sometimes Visby stadsmur, "Visby City Wall") is a medieval defensive wall surrounding the Swedish town of Visby on the island of Gotland.
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Vlax Romani language
Vlax Romani is a dialect group of the Romani language.
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Volga
The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of, and a catchment area of., Russian State Water Registry It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of drainage basin.
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Volvo
The Volvo Group (Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg.
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Volvo Cars
Volvo Cars AB (Volvo personvagnar, styled VOLVO in the company's logo) is a Swedish multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles.
Vy Tåg
Vy Tåg AB is a Swedish railway company that operates franchises in different parts of Sweden.
Walpurgis Night
Walpurgis Night, an abbreviation of Saint Walpurgis Night (from the German Sankt-Walpurgisnacht), also known as Saint Walpurga's Eve (alternatively spelled Saint Walburga's Eve), is the eve of the Christian feast day of Saint Walpurga, an 8th-century abbess in Francia, and is celebrated on the night of 30 April and the day of 1 May.
See Sweden and Walpurgis Night
War against Sigismund
The war against Sigismund (Kriget mot Sigismund) was a war between Duke Charles, later known as King Charles IX of Sweden, and Sigismund, who was at the time the king of both Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (that is, the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania).
See Sweden and War against Sigismund
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.
Welfare state
A welfare state is a form of government in which the state (or a well-established network of social institutions) protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life.
White Buses
White Buses was a Swedish humanitarian operation with the objective of freeing Scandinavians in German concentration camps in Nazi Germany during the final stages of World War II.
White Guard (Finland)
The White Guard, officially known as the Civil Guard, was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918.
See Sweden and White Guard (Finland)
Winter War
The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland.
Wismar
Wismar (Low German: Wismer), officially the Hanseatic City of Wismar (Hansestadt Wismar) is, with around 43,000 inhabitants, the sixth-largest city of the northeastern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and the fourth-largest city of Mecklenburg after Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg.
World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, think tank, and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
See Sweden and World Economic Forum
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Sweden and World Heritage Site
World Nuclear Association
World Nuclear Association is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports the companies that comprise the global nuclear industry.
See Sweden and World Nuclear Association
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade.
See Sweden and World Trade Organization
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Yiddish
Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.
.eu
.eu is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the European Union (EU).
See Sweden and .eu
.se
.se, formerly branded as.SE, is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Sweden.
See Sweden and .se
11th meridian east
The meridian 11° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Sweden and 11th meridian east
1912 Summer Olympics
The 1912 Summer Olympics (Olympiska sommarspelen 1912), officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad (Den V olympiadens spel) and commonly known as Stockholm 1912, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 22 July 1912.
See Sweden and 1912 Summer Olympics
1950 FIFA World Cup
The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams.
See Sweden and 1950 FIFA World Cup
1958 FIFA World Cup
The 1958 FIFA World Cup was the sixth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams.
See Sweden and 1958 FIFA World Cup
1973 oil crisis
In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.
See Sweden and 1973 oil crisis
1988 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden on 18 September 1988.
See Sweden and 1988 Swedish general election
1990–1994 Swedish financial crisis
The Sweden financial crisis 1990–1994 took place in Sweden when the deflation of a housing bubble caused a severe credit crunch and bank crisis and a deep recession.
See Sweden and 1990–1994 Swedish financial crisis
1994 FIFA World Cup
The 1994 FIFA World Cup was the 15th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national soccer teams.
See Sweden and 1994 FIFA World Cup
1994 Swedish European Union membership referendum
A non-binding referendum on membership for the European Union was held in Sweden on 13 November 1994.
See Sweden and 1994 Swedish European Union membership referendum
1995 enlargement of the European Union
The 1995 enlargement of the European Union saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden accede to the European Union (EU).
See Sweden and 1995 enlargement of the European Union
1995 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, the second edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, was held in Sweden and won by Norway, who became the first European nation to win the Women's World Cup.
See Sweden and 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup
1995 World Championships in Athletics
The 5th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg, Sweden on 5–13 August 1995.
See Sweden and 1995 World Championships in Athletics
2002 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden on 15 September 2002,Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1858 alongside municipal and county council elections.
See Sweden and 2002 Swedish general election
2003 Swedish euro referendum
A non-binding referendum on introduction of the euro was held in Sweden on 14 September 2003.
See Sweden and 2003 Swedish euro referendum
2004 European Parliament election in Sweden
The 2004 European Parliament election in Sweden was the election of MEP representing Sweden constituency for the 2004-2009 term of the European Parliament.
See Sweden and 2004 European Parliament election in Sweden
2009 European Parliament election in Sweden
The 2009 European Parliament election in Sweden was held on 7 June 2009 and determined the makeup of the Swedish delegation to the European Parliament.
See Sweden and 2009 European Parliament election in Sweden
2011 military intervention in Libya
On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led coalition began a military intervention in Libya to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (UNSCR 1973), in response to events during the First Libyan Civil War.
See Sweden and 2011 military intervention in Libya
2014 European Parliament election in Sweden
European Parliament elections in Sweden took place on 25 May 2014.
See Sweden and 2014 European Parliament election in Sweden
2014 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden on 14 September 2014 to elect all 349 seats in the Riksdag, alongside elections for the 21 county councils, and 290 municipal assemblies.
See Sweden and 2014 Swedish general election
2018 Swedish general election
General elections were held in Sweden on 9 September 2018 to elect the 349 members of the Riksdag.
See Sweden and 2018 Swedish general election
25th meridian east
The meridian 25° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Sweden and 25th meridian east
329 Svea
Svea (minor planet designation: 329 Svea) is an asteroid from the asteroid belt and the namesake of the small Svea family, approximately in diameter.
55th parallel north
The 55th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 55 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Sweden and 55th parallel north
69th parallel north
The 69th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 69 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic.
See Sweden and 69th parallel north
70th parallel north
The 70th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 70 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic.
See Sweden and 70th parallel north
See also
Countries and territories where Swedish is an official language
- Åland
- Estonia under Swedish rule
- Finland
- Grand Duchy of Finland
- List of municipalities of Finland in which Finnish is not the sole official language
- Sweden
Former Christian states
- Byzantine Empire
- Crown of Aragon
- Crusader states
- Holy Roman Empire
- Kingdom of Aksum
- Kingdom of Aragon
- Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Papal States
- Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
- Sweden
Kingdom of Sweden
Member states of NATO
- Albania
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Canada
- Canada and NATO
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- Finland and NATO
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Member states of NATO
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- North Macedonia
- North Macedonia and NATO
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Romania and NATO
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Sweden and NATO
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
Member states of the European Union
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Danish Realm
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- List of European Union member states by political system
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Member state of the European Union
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Ireland
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Albania
- Algeria
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Denmark
- Egypt
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Israel
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Tunisia
- Turkey
Members of the Nordic Council
OECD members
- Australia
- Austria
- Belgium
- Canada
- Chile
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Italy
- Japan
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Republic of Ireland
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- South Korea
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
Scandinavian countries
States and territories established in the 12th century
- Bjelovar-Križevci County
- Burg Stargard
- Chero dynasty
- Couto Misto
- Csíkszék
- Daju kingdom
- Deva dynasty
- Duchy of Lithuania
- Győr County
- Ila Yara
- Keonjhar State
- Kingdom of Ardra
- Lika-Krbava County
- Marosszék
- Modruš-Rijeka County
- Mukhsha Ulus
- Mylasa and Melanoudion
- Neokastra
- Patkum estate
- Požega County
- Principality of Mstislavl
- Steinfurt
- Sweden
- Temes County
- Udvarhelyszék
- Varaždin County (former)
- Virovitica County
- Waldburg
- Wetzlar
- Zagreb County (former)
References
Also known as Etymology of Sweden, ISO 3166-1:SE, Kingdom of Sweden, Konungariket Sverige, Mainland Sweden, Political history of Sweden, Ruotsi, Ruotti, Ruoŧŧa, Schweden, Science and technology in Sweden, State (Sweden), Sveden, Sverige, Svierik, Swedish Kingdom, Swedish State, Swedish climate, Swedish origin, Swedish realm, Swedish sin, The State (Sweden), Zweden.
, Basic Laws of Sweden, Basketball, Battle of Breitenfeld (1631), Battle of Kliszów, Battle of Lützen (1632), Battle of Leipzig, Battle of Narva (1700), Battle of Nördlingen (1634), Battle of Poltava, Bølling–Allerød Interstadial, BBC News, Beech, Beowulf, Biofuel, Birch, Birka, Björkö (Ekerö), Black Death, Black Sea, Bloomberg News, Borgholm Castle, Bornholm, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bourgeoisie, Bow (watercraft), Bremen-Verden, Bromme culture, Burlesque, Byzantine Empire, Cabinet collective responsibility, Capital city, Carbon dioxide, Carbon price, Carl Linnaeus, Carl Michael Bellman, Carl XVI Gustaf, Caspian Sea, Catholic Church, Central European Summer Time, Central European Time, Central heating, Central Intelligence Agency, Centre Party (Sweden), Centre-right politics, Charles IX of Sweden, Charles X Gustav, Charles XI of Sweden, Charles XII of Sweden, Charles XIII, Charles XIV John, Children's Food Trust, Christian Democrats (Sweden), Christian denomination, Christian II of Denmark, Christianity, Christianization of Scandinavia, Church of Sweden, Cipher, City commission government, Climate change mitigation, Climate of Sweden, Coat of arms of Sweden, Cold War, Conscription, Consolidation of Sweden, Constantinople, Constitutional monarchy, Continuation War, Convention of Moss, Copenhagen Airport, Copenhagen Malmö Port, Copper, Cornus sanguinea, Corporal punishment, Corylus avellana, Cossacks, Council of Europe, Council on Legislation (Sweden), Counter-Reformation, Counterintelligence, Counties of Sweden, County administrative boards of Sweden, Crayfish, Crayfish party, Credit Suisse, Crime statistics, Crispbread, Curling, Cyprus, Dagen H, Dagens Nyheter, Dairy product, Dalby, Lund Municipality, Danderyd Municipality, Danish cuisine, Danish language, De facto, Deluge (history), Democracy, Denmark–Norway, Department of Health and Aged Care, Deregulation, Digital terrestrial television in Sweden, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, Dissenter Acts (Sweden), District heating, Domestic partnership, Dominium maris baltici, Drinking water, Drottningholm Palace, Du gamla, du fria, Duchy of Prussia, Dutch elm disease, Dutch Language Union, Dynamite, Early Modern English, Eastern Orthodox Church, Econ Journal Watch, Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, Economy of Sweden, Education Index, Edwin O. Reischauer, Eel, Eketorp, Elbląg, Election Authority (Sweden), Elections in Sweden, Electrolux, Elm, Elsevier, Emil i Lönneberga, Enclosure, Encyclopædia Britannica, Energy tax, England runestones, Environmental policy, Equal opportunity, Equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics, Eric Chronicle, Ericsson, Erik Wallenberg, Estates of the realm, Estonia, Estonian language, Euonymus europaeus, Eurobarometer, European balance of power, European Commission, European Economic Community, European Parliament, European Spallation Source, European Union, Eurostat, Evangelicalism, Executive arrangements, Expressen, Far-right politics, Feminist Initiative (Sweden), Feminist movement, Feudalism, FIFA World Cup, Figure skating, Financialization, Finland, Finnic languages, Finnish Civil War, Finnish cuisine, Finnish language, Finnish War, First Swedish Crusade, Flag flying days in Sweden, Flint, Floorball, Food and Agriculture Organization, Foreign relations of Sweden, Frangula alnus, Franz Berwald, Fraxinus excelsior, Frederikshavn, Free church, Free trade, Free trade areas in Europe, Freedom in the World, Freedom of religion, Functionalism (architecture), Göta älv, Göta Canal, Götaland, Göteborg Landvetter Airport, Göteborgs-Posten, Geats, Gender equality, Georg Stiernhielm, German Empire, Germania (book), Germanic languages, Ghent system, Gini coefficient, Global Competitiveness Report, Global Innovation Index, Golf, Gothenburg, Gothenburg tram network, Gothic architecture, Gotland, Government agencies in Sweden, Government of Sweden, Grand Duchy of Finland, Great Famine of 1695–1697, Great Frost of 1709, Great Northern War, Great Northern War plague outbreak, Great power, Greece runestones, Green Cargo, Green Party (Sweden), Grenaa, Greta Garbo, Gripsholm Castle, Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf Stream, Gustaf Dalén, Gustav Vasa, Gustav Vasa Bible, Gustavus Adolphus, Gutes, Gymnastics, H&M, Halltorp, Handball, Hanseatic League, Harry Martinson, Håkan Lans, Höganäs, Head of state, Health in Sweden, Hedera helix, Helsingør, Helsingborg, Helsinki, Henning Mankell, Herring, History of Sweden, History of Sweden (1523–1611), History of the Jews in Sweden, Hjälmaren, Hofors Municipality, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy See, Hornbeam, House of Bernadotte, House of Bjälbo, House of Eric, House of Sverker, Huguenots, Human Development Index, Humid continental climate, Hunter-gatherer, Hydropower, Hyllie railway station, ICA Gruppen, Ice hockey, Ice hockey at the 1994 Winter Olympics, Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics, Ice Hockey World Championships, IKEA, Ilex aquifolium, Immigration to Sweden, Individual ministerial responsibility, Industrial Revolution, Infant baptism, Infant mortality, Ingmar Bergman, Ingrid Bergman, Ingvar runestones, Ingvar the Far-Travelled, Inland Line, Inner Six, Institute of Physics, Instrument of Government (1809), International Energy Agency, International Futures, International Monetary Fund, International trade, Iron, Islam in Sweden, Jan Guillou, Johan Henric Kellgren, Joik, Jonas Wenström, Jordanes, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Judicial review, Judiciary of Sweden, June List, Juniperus communis, Kalderash Romani language, Kalmar, Kalmar Castle, Kalmar Union, Kanal 5 (Swedish TV channel), Karlshamn, Karlskrona, Kattegat, Kebnekaise, Kiel, Kievan Rus', Kilowatt-hour, Kindergarten, Klaipėda, Klarälven, Kristianstad, Kungssången, Kvarken, Lake Ladoga, Lake Onega, Lands of Sweden, Landskrona, Language Council of Sweden, Larix decidua, Lars Magnus Ericsson, Lasse Hallström, Latitude, Latvia, Law enforcement in Sweden, Left-wing politics, Legal person, Legatum Prosperity Index, Legislature, Letter of credence, LGBT rights in Sweden, Liberals (Sweden), Library of Congress Country Studies, Life expectancy, Limestone, Lingonberry jam, Linköping, Liquor, List of Byzantine emperors, List of countries and territories by number of land borders, List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita, List of deposed politicians, List of equestrian sports, List of European countries by area, List of islands of Sweden, List of leaf vegetables, List of motorways in Sweden, List of Polish monarchs, List of rivers of Sweden, List of state visits made by Carl XVI Gustaf, List of Sweden-related topics, List of Swedish monarchs, List of universities and colleges in Sweden, Lithuania, Liturgical year, Livonia, Longship, Lonicera xylosteum, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, Low church, Lukas Moodysson, Lund, Lund Cathedral, Lund University, Lur, Lutefisk, Lutheran orthodoxy, Lutheranism, Magdalena Andersson, Magnus Eriksson, Malmö, Maple, March Across the Belts, Margaret I of Denmark, Mariehamn, Marshall Plan, Martin of Tours, Materiel, Mauritz Stiller, MAX IV Laboratory, May 2013 Stockholm riots, Mälaren, Mälaren Valley, Målilla, Meänkieli, Metro International, Middle Ages, Middle Dutch, Middle East, Middle Low German, Midnight sun, Midsummer, Military service, Million Programme, Minister (government), Ministerial governance, Ministry of Defence (Sweden), Mixed economy, Moderate Party, Monarchy of Sweden, Moravian Church, Multi-National Force – Iraq, Municipal council (Sweden), Municipalities of Sweden, Music of Sweden, Mutual intelligibility, Name days in Sweden, Napoleonic Wars, Nasdaq Commodities, National Day of Sweden, National security, National Task Force, Nationalencyklopedin, NATO, Natural science, Nature Geoscience, Nazi concentration camps, Neoliberalism, Neutral country, New Democracy (Sweden), New Statesman, Nikola Tesla, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nord Pool, Nordea, Nordic Council, Nordic countries, Nordic energy market, Nordic model, Nordstjernan, Norrbotten County, Norrköping, Norrland, Norse mythology, Norsemen, North Africa, North Germanic languages, Northern Europe, Norway, Norway during the Great Northern War, Norwegian cuisine, Novgorod Land, Nuclear power, Nyköping, Oak, Oceanic climate, OECD, Official minority languages of Sweden, Old English, Old Norse religion, Old Swedish, Olof Skötkonung, Omeprazole, Orienteering, Orthography, Oskarshamn, Oslofjord, Outline of Sweden, Oxford University Press, Paganism, Paleolithic, Pancake, Parishes of the Church of Sweden, Parliamentary system, Party-list proportional representation, Payroll tax, Pär Lagerkvist, Peace, Peace of Westphalia, Peacekeeping, Peasant, Peat, Personal union, Peter the Great, Pine, Pippi Longstocking, Pirate Party (Sweden), Pirate radio, Polar night, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Swedish union, Populus tremula, Port of Gothenburg, Precedent, Precipitation, Preem, Prehistoric Sweden, Prime Minister of Sweden, Private sector, Privatization, Privy council, Programme for International Student Assessment, Progressive tax, Proportional representation, Protestantism, Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Norse language, Provinces of Sweden, Prunus avium, Prunus padus, Prunus spinosa, Publicly funded health care, Pyttipanna, Quality of life, Rain shadow, Raoul Wallenberg, Rök runestone, Red Guards (Finland), Reformation, Reformed Christianity, Refresher training (military), Regions of Sweden, Regnal name, Reindeer, Renewable energy, Rescue of the Danish Jews, Research and development, Riga, Riksdag, Riksdag of the Estates, Rococo, Romanesque architecture, Romani language, Romani people, Rosamond McKitterick, Roslagen, Rostock, Route from the Varangians to the Greeks, Routledge, Royal Court of Sweden, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Ruben Östlund, Rune, Runestone, Rus' people, Russian Empire, Saint Erik, Saint Lucy, Saint Petersburg, Salix caprea, Salt, Sambucus nigra, Same-sex marriage, Sandvik, Sassnitz, Sámi languages, Sámi peoples, Sámi shamanism, SCA (company), Scandinavian Mountains, Scandinavian Peninsula, Scandosorbus intermedia, Scandza, Scania, Scania AB, Scanian dialect, Schengen Area, School voucher, Scientific Revolution, Scorched earth, Sea of Åland, Second Swedish Crusade, Secularism, Secularization, Securitas AB, Security policy, Self-concept, Selma Lagerlöf, Separation of church and state, Serfdom, Serkland, Sexual revolution, Show Me Love (film), Siege of Fredriksten, Sigismund III Vasa, Sigtuna, SJ AB, Skagerrak, Skanska, Skara Cathedral, Skåneland, SKF, Skiing, Slavery, Småland, Smorgasbord, Snaps, Solstice, Sony Mobile, Sorbus aucuparia, Speaker of the Riksdag, Spruce, Standard of living, Staraya Ladoga, Stary Targ, State religion, Statistics Sweden, Stieg Larsson, Stockholm, Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Stockholm Bloodbath, Stockholm Exhibition (1930), Stockholm Metro, Stockholm Skavsta Airport, Stockholm University, Stora Drammen, Strömstad, Sture, Subarctic climate, Subtitles, Sun valve, Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces, Supreme Court of Sweden, Surströmming, Svartsoppa, Svenska Dagbladet, Sveriges Radio, Sveriges Riksbank, Sveriges Television, SVT2, SWAT, Sweden Democrats, Sweden Finns, Sweden men's national football team, Sweden men's national ice hockey team, Swedes, Swedes (tribe), Swedish Act of Succession, Swedish Air Force, Swedish Armed Forces, Swedish Army, Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations, Swedish East India Company, Swedish emigration to the United States, Swedish Empire, Swedish Inheritance Fund, Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706), Swedish invasion of Russia, Swedish krona, Swedish language, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Swedish National Courts Administration, Swedish Navy, Swedish nobility, Swedish Pomerania, Swedish Security Service, Swedish Sign Language, Swedish Social Democratic Party, Swedish Trade Union Confederation, Swedish Transport Administration, Swedish–Geatish wars, Swedish–Norwegian War, Sydsvenskan, Tabloid (newspaper format), Tacitus, Taiga, Tax wedge, Taxus baccata, Team sport, Telia Company, Temperance movement, Temperate climate, Temple at Uppsala, Tertiary education, Tertiary sector of the economy, Tetra Pak, Textile, The Economist, The Guardian, The Independent, The Local, The New York Times, The World Factbook, Theophilos (emperor), Third Swedish Crusade, Third World, Thirty Years' War, Thrall, Three Crowns, Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, Thuringii, Tilia, Time (magazine), Tornedalians, Torstenson War, Track and field, Travemünde, Trøndelag, Treaty of Kiel, Treaty of Nystad, Treaty of Roskilde, Truce of Altmark, Turku, TV3 (Swedish TV channel), TV4 (Swedish TV channel), UEFA Euro 1992, UEFA Women's Euro 2013, Ulf Kristersson, Umeå, Umeå University, Unicameralism, Union between Sweden and Norway, Unitary state, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, United States Department of State, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Universal health care, University of Gothenburg, University of Minnesota Press, University of Oslo, Uppland, Uppsala Cathedral, Uppsala Synod, Uppsala University, Vaasa, Vadstena, Varangian Guard, Varangian runestones, Varberg, Vattenfall, Vänern, Västergötland, Vättern, Ven (Sweden), Veolia Transport, Verner von Heidenstam, Victor Sjöström, Viking Age, Vikings, Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve, Visby, Visby City Wall, Vlax Romani language, Volga, Volvo, Volvo Cars, Vy Tåg, Walpurgis Night, War against Sigismund, Warsaw Pact, Welfare state, White Buses, White Guard (Finland), Winter War, Wismar, World Economic Forum, World Heritage Site, World Nuclear Association, World Trade Organization, World War I, World War II, Yiddish, .eu, .se, 11th meridian east, 1912 Summer Olympics, 1950 FIFA World Cup, 1958 FIFA World Cup, 1973 oil crisis, 1988 Swedish general election, 1990–1994 Swedish financial crisis, 1994 FIFA World Cup, 1994 Swedish European Union membership referendum, 1995 enlargement of the European Union, 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, 1995 World Championships in Athletics, 2002 Swedish general election, 2003 Swedish euro referendum, 2004 European Parliament election in Sweden, 2009 European Parliament election in Sweden, 2011 military intervention in Libya, 2014 European Parliament election in Sweden, 2014 Swedish general election, 2018 Swedish general election, 25th meridian east, 329 Svea, 55th parallel north, 69th parallel north, 70th parallel north.