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SNARE (protein)

Index SNARE (protein)

SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from "SNAP (Soluble NSF(N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) Attachment Protein) REceptor)" are a large protein complex consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts and more than 60 members in mammalian cells. [1]

121 relations: Acronym, Action potential, Active zone, Adenosine triphosphate, Alpha helix, Arginine, ATP hydrolysis, ATPase, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Autophagosome, Autophagy, Axon terminal, Bipolar disorder, Botulinum toxin, Botulism, C-terminus, Calcium, Carboxylic acid, Catabolism, Catalysis, Cell membrane, Central nervous system disease, Chemical synapse, Cholesterol, Clathrin, Cofactor (biochemistry), Coiled coil, Coloboma, Complexin, Conformational change, Covalent bond, Current density, Cysteine, Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Depolarization, DHHC domain, Disulfide, Electrochemical gradient, Endocytosis, Endopeptidase, Endoplasmic reticulum, Enzyme, Exocytosis, Fatty acid, Gene expression, Gene knockdown, Gene knockout, Genetic heterogeneity, ..., Glutamatergic, Glutamine, Golgi apparatus, Guanidine, Heptad repeat, Hippocampus, Ionic bonding, Leucine zipper, Lipid bilayer fusion, Lipid microdomain, Locus (genetics), Lysosome, Matrix metalloproteinase, Messenger RNA, Metalloproteinase, Metastability, Mitochondrion, Munc-18, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein, N-terminus, Neuron, Neurosecretion, Neurotoxin, Neurotransmitter, Organelle, Palmitoyl protein thioesterase, Palmitoylation, Paralysis, Peroxisome, Phenotype, Polymorphism (biology), Porosome, Protein, Protein complex, Proteolysis, Random coil, Rate-determining step, Redox, Schizophrenia, Sequence motif, SNAP25, SNAP29, SNARE (protein), Solvent, Spontaneous process, Structural motif, STX17, STX1A, STX1B, STX7, STX8, SYBL1, Synaptic vesicle, Synaptobrevin, Synaptotagmin 1, Syntaxin, Tetanospasmin, Tetanus, Thioester, Thioredoxin, Thioredoxin reductase, Transmembrane domain, VAMP2, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Vesicle fusion, Vesicle-associated membrane protein, Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8, Voltage-gated calcium channel, VTI1B, Zero ionic layer, Zinc. Expand index (71 more) »

Acronym

An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).

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Action potential

In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.

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Active zone

The active zone or synaptic active zone is a term first used by Couteaux and Pecot-Dechavassinein in 1970 to define the site of neurotransmitter release.

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Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.

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Alpha helix

The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.

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Arginine

Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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ATP hydrolysis

ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy.

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ATPase

ATPases (adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, SV40 T-antigen, adenosine 5'-triphosphatase, ATP hydrolase, complex V (mitochondrial electron transport), (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, HCO3−-ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.

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Autism

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

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Autophagosome

An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes.

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Autophagy

Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος autóphagos, meaning "self-devouring" and κύτος kýtos, meaning "hollow") is the natural, regulated, destructive mechanism of the cell that disassembles unnecessary or dysfunctional components.

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Axon terminal

Axon terminals (also called synaptic boutons or terminal boutons) are distal terminations of the telodendria (branches) of an axon.

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Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood.

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Botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin (BTX) or Botox is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.

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Botulism

Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

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C-terminus

The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Carboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.

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Catabolism

Catabolism (from Greek κάτω kato, "downward" and βάλλειν ballein, "to throw") is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

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Central nervous system disease

Central nervous system diseases, also known as central nervous system disorders, are a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system (CNS).

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Chemical synapse

Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.

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Cholesterol

Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.

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Clathrin

Clathrin is a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles.

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Cofactor (biochemistry)

A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.

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Coiled coil

A coiled coil is a structural motif in proteins in which 2–7 alpha-helices are coiled together like the strands of a rope (dimers and trimers are the most common types).

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Coloboma

A coloboma (from the Greek koloboma, meaning defect) is a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid, or optic disc.

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Complexin

Complexin (also known as synaphin) refers to a one of a small set of eukaryotic cytoplasmic neuronal proteins which binds to the SNARE protein complex (SNAREpin) with a high affinity.

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Conformational change

In biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors.

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Covalent bond

A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

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Current density

In electromagnetism, current density is the electric current per unit area of cross section.

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Cysteine

Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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Cytosol

The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells.

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Depolarization

In biology, depolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell.

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DHHC domain

In molecular biology the DHHC domain is a protein domain that acts as an enzyme, which adds a palmitoyl chemical group to proteins in order to anchor them to cell membranes.

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Disulfide

In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.

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Electrochemical gradient

An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane.

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Endocytosis

Endocytosis is a form of bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.

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Endopeptidase

Endopeptidase or endoproteinase are proteolytic peptidases that break peptide bonds of nonterminal amino acids (i.e. within the molecule), in contrast to exopeptidases, which break peptide bonds from end-pieces of terminal amino acids.

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Endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.

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Exocytosis

Exocytosis is a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell (exo- + cytosis) by expelling them through an energy-dependent process.

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Fatty acid

In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.

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Gene knockdown

Gene knockdown is an experimental technique by which the expression of one or more of an organism's genes are reduced.

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Gene knockout

A gene knockout (abbreviation: KO) is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is made inoperative ("knocked out" of the organism).

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Genetic heterogeneity

Genetic heterogeneity occurs through the production of single or similar phenotypes through different genetic mechanisms.

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Glutamatergic

Glutamatergic means "related to glutamate".

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Glutamine

Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.

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Guanidine

Guanidine is the compound with the formula HNC(NH2)2.

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Heptad repeat

The heptad repeat is an example of a structural motif that consists of a repeating pattern of seven amino acids: where H represents hydrophobic residues, C represents, typically, charged residues, and P represents polar (and, therefore, hydrophilic) residues.

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Hippocampus

The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.

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Ionic bonding

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds.

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Leucine zipper

A leucine zipper (or leucine scissors) is a common three-dimensional structural motif in proteins.

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Lipid bilayer fusion

In membrane biology, fusion is the process by which two initially distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic cores, resulting in one interconnected structure.

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Lipid microdomain

Lipid microdomains are formed when lipids undergo lateral phase separations yielding stable coexisting lamellar domains.

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Locus (genetics)

A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).

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Lysosome

A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle found in nearly all animal cells.

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Matrix metalloproteinase

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrixins, are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins.

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Messenger RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.

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Metalloproteinase

A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal.

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Metastability

In physics, metastability is a stable state of a dynamical system other than the system's state of least energy.

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Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

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Munc-18

Munc-18 (an acronym for mammalian uncoordinated-18) proteins are the mammalian homologue of UNC-18 (which was first discovered in the nematode worm C. elegans) and are a member of the Sec1/Munc18-like (SM) protein family.

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N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, also known as NSF or N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion proteins, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the NSF gene.

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N-terminus

The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.

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Neuron

A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

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Neurosecretion

Neurosecretion is the storage, synthesis and release of hormones from neurons.

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Neurotoxin

Neurotoxins are toxins that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity).

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Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.

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Organelle

In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, in which their function is vital for the cell to live.

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Palmitoyl protein thioesterase

Palmitoyl protein thioesterases are enzymes that remove thioester-linked fatty acyl groups such as palmitate from modified cysteine residues in proteins or peptides during lysosomal degradation.

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Palmitoylation

Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine and less frequently to serine and threonine residues of proteins, which are typically membrane proteins.

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Paralysis

Paralysis is a loss of muscle function for one or more muscles.

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Peroxisome

A peroxisome is a type of organelle known as a microbody, found in virtually all eukaryotic cells.

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Phenotype

A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).

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Polymorphism (biology)

Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.

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Porosome

280px Porosomes are cup-shaped supramolecular structures in the cell membranes of eukaryotic cells where secretory vesicles transiently dock in the process of vesicle fusion and secretion.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protein complex

A protein complex or multiprotein complex is a group of two or more associated polypeptide chains.

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Proteolysis

Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.

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Random coil

A random coil is a polymer conformation where the monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent units.

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Rate-determining step

In chemical kinetics, the overall rate of a reaction is often approximately determined by the slowest step, known as the rate-determining step (RDS) or rate-limiting step.

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Redox

Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.

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Sequence motif

In genetics, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and has, or is conjectured to have, a biological significance.

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SNAP25

Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) is a t-SNARE protein that is encoded by the SNAP25 gene in humans.

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SNAP29

Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP29 gene.

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SNARE (protein)

SNARE proteins (an acronym derived from "SNAP (Soluble NSF(N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) Attachment Protein) REceptor)" are a large protein complex consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts and more than 60 members in mammalian cells.

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Solvent

A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.

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Spontaneous process

A spontaneous process is the time-evolution of a system in which it releases free energy and it moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state.

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Structural motif

In a chain-like biological molecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, a structural motif is a supersecondary structure, which also appears in a variety of other molecules.

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STX17

Syntaxin 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX17 gene.

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STX1A

Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1A gene.

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STX1B

Syntaxin-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1B gene.

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STX7

Syntaxin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX7 gene.

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STX8

Syntaxin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX8 gene.

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SYBL1

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP7 gene.

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Synaptic vesicle

In a neuron, synaptic vesicles (or neurotransmitter vesicles) store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse.

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Synaptobrevin

Synaptobrevins (synaptobrevin isotypes 1-2) are small integral membrane proteins of secretory vesicles with molecular weight of 18 kilodalton (kDa) that are part of the vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) family.

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Synaptotagmin 1

Synaptotagmin 1 (or synaptotagmin) is a Ca2+ sensor in the membrane of the pre-synaptic axon terminal, coded by gene SYT1 (previously SYT) at 12q21.2 (MIM:185605).

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Syntaxin

Syntaxins are a family of membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins participating in exocytosis.

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Tetanospasmin

Tetanus toxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus.

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Tetanus

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is an infection characterized by muscle spasms.

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Thioester

In chemistry thioesters are compounds with the functional group R–S–CO–R'.

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Thioredoxin

Thioredoxin is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms.

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Thioredoxin reductase

Thioredoxin reductases (TR, TrxR) are the only known enzymes to reduce thioredoxin (Trx).

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Transmembrane domain

Transmembrane domain usually denotes a transmembrane segment of single alpha helix of a transmembrane protein.

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VAMP2

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP2 gene.

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Vesicle (biology and chemistry)

In cell biology, a vesicle is a small structure within a cell, or extracellular, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

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Vesicle fusion

Vesicle fusion is the merging of a vesicle with other vesicles or a part of a cell membrane.

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Vesicle-associated membrane protein

Vesicle associated membrane proteins (VAMP) are a family of SNARE proteins with similar structure, and are mostly involved in vesicle fusion.

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Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP8 gene.

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Voltage-gated calcium channel

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the calcium ion Ca2+.

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VTI1B

Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTI1B gene.

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Zero ionic layer

Zero ionic layer is the main site of interaction in the core SNARE complex.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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Redirects here:

"cis"-SNARE complex, "trans"-SNARE complexes, Cis-SNARE complex, Core SNARE complex, Q-SNARE, Q-snare proteins, R-SNAREs, R-SNAREs and Q-SNAREs, R-snare proteins, SNAP receptor, SNARE, SNARE protein, SNARE proteins, Snare proteins, T-SNARE, TSNARE, Trans-SNARE complexes, V-SNARE, VSNARE.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNARE_(protein)

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