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Immune checkpoint

Index Immune checkpoint

Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system. [1]

44 relations: Adenosine A2A receptor, Antigen-presenting cell, AstraZeneca, BTLA, Cancer immunotherapy, CD134, CD137, CD154, CD27, CD276, CD278, CD28, CD40 (protein), CD70, CD80, CD86, Checkpoint inhibitor, CTLA-4, Galectin-9, HAVCR2, HER2/neu, Hoffmann-La Roche, IL-2 receptor, IL2RB, Immune tolerance, Incyte, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, LAG3, Lipocalin, Merck & Co., MHC class I, Monoclonal antibody, Natural killer cell, Nektar Therapeutics, PD-L1, PDCD1LG2, Pfizer, Programmed cell death protein 1, T helper 17 cell, Theralizumab, TNFRSF18, VISTA (protein), VTCN1.

Adenosine A2A receptor

The adenosine A2A receptor, also known as ADORA2A, is an adenosine receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.

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Antigen-presenting cell

An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays antigen complexed with major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) on their surfaces; this process is known as antigen presentation.

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AstraZeneca

AstraZeneca plc is an Anglo–Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company.

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BTLA

B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTLA gene.

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Cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy (sometimes called immuno-oncology, abbreviated IO) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer.

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CD134

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (TNFRSF4), also known as CD134 and OX40 receptor, is a member of the TNFR-superfamily of receptors which is not constitutively expressed on resting naïve T cells, unlike CD28.

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CD137

CD137 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family.

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CD154

CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules.

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CD27

CD27 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.

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CD276

CD276 (Cluster of Differentiation 276) is a human protein encoded by the gene.

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CD278

Inducible T-cell costimulator is an immune checkpoint protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOS gene.

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CD28

CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival.

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CD40 (protein)

Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a costimulatory protein found on antigen presenting cells and is required for their activation.

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CD70

CD70 (Cluster of Differentiation 70) is a ligand for CD27.

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CD80

Cluster of differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a protein found on dendritic cells, activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival.

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CD86

Cluster of Differentiation 86 (also known as CD86 and B7-2) is a protein expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.

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Checkpoint inhibitor

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer treatment immunotherapy currently under research.

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CTLA-4

CTLA4 or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that, functioning as an immune checkpoint, downregulates immune responses.

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Galectin-9

Galectin-9 was first time isolated from mouse embryonic kidney in 1997 as a 36 kDa beta-galactoside lectin protein.

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HAVCR2

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene.

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HER2/neu

Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, also known as CD340 (cluster of differentiation 340), proto-oncogene Neu, Erbb2 (rodent), or ERBB2 (human), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene.

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Hoffmann-La Roche

F.

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IL-2 receptor

The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2.

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IL2RB

Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RB gene.

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Immune tolerance

Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in given organism.It is induced by prior exposure to that specific antigen.

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Incyte

Incyte, Corp is an American pharmaceutical company based in Alapocas, Delaware.

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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO or INDO) is a heme-containing enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IDO1 gene.

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Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the plasma membrane of natural killer (NK) cells and a minority of T cells.

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LAG3

Lymphocyte-activation gene 3, also known as LAG-3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LAG3 gene.

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Lipocalin

The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids, and lipids.

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Merck & Co.

Merck & Company, Inc., d.b.a. Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the United States and Canada, is an American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

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MHC class I

MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of jawed vertebrates.

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Monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.

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Natural killer cell

Natural killer cells or NK cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system.

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Nektar Therapeutics

Nektar Therapeutics (Nektar) is an American biopharmaceutical company.

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PD-L1

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene.

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PDCD1LG2

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (also known as PD-L2, B7-DC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD1LG2 gene.

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Pfizer

Pfizer Inc. is an American pharmaceutical conglomerate headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut.

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Programmed cell death protein 1

Programmed cell death protein 1, also known as PD-1 and CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is a protein found on the surface of cells that has a role in regulating the immune system's response to the cells of the human body by down-regulating the immune system and promoting self tolerance by suppressing T cell inflammatory activity.

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T helper 17 cell

T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells defined by their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17).

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Theralizumab

Theralizumab (also known as TGN1412, CD28-SuperMAB, and TAB08) is an immunomodulatory drug developed by Professor Thomas Hünig of the University of Würzburg.

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TNFRSF18

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18) also known as activation-inducible TNFR family receptor (AITR) or glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene.

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VISTA (protein)

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a type I transmembrane protein that functions as an immune checkpoint and is encoded by the C10orf54 gene.

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VTCN1

V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTCN1 gene.

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Redirects here:

NKTR-214, T-cell checkpoints.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_checkpoint

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