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20 relations: Antigen, Autoimmunity, Central tolerance, Complementarity-determining region, Gamma delta T cell, Gene conversion, Gene knock-in, Genetic recombination, Genetically modified organism, Major histocompatibility complex, Peripheral tolerance, RAG1, RAG2, Receptor editing, Regulatory T cell, T cell, T helper 17 cell, T-cell receptor, Thymus, V(D)J recombination.
Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues.
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Central tolerance
Central tolerance, also known as negative selection, is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are reactive to self.
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Complementarity-determining region
Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are part of the variable chains in immunoglobulins (antibodies) and T cell receptors, generated by B-cells and T-cells respectively, where these molecules bind to their specific antigen.
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Gamma delta T cell
Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that have a distinctive T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface.
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Gene conversion
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion event.
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Gene knock-in
In molecular cloning and biology, a knock-in (or gene knock-in) refers to a genetic engineering method that involves the one-for-one substitution of DNA sequence information in a genetic locus or the insertion of sequence information not found within the locus.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Genetically modified organism
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism).
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Major histocompatibility complex
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility.
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Peripheral tolerance
Peripheral tolerance is the second branch of immunological tolerance, after central tolerance.
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RAG1
Recombination activating gene 1 also known as RAG-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAG1 gene.
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RAG2
Recombination activating gene 2 also known as RAG-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAG2 gene.
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Receptor editing
Receptor editing is a process that occurs during the maturation of B cells, which are part of the adaptive immune system.
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Regulatory T cell
The regulatory T cells (Tregs), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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T helper 17 cell
T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells defined by their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17).
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T-cell receptor
The T-cell receptor, or TCR, is a molecule found on the surface of T cells, or T lymphocytes, that is responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
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Thymus
The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.
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V(D)J recombination
V(D)J recombination is the unique mechanism of genetic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation.
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